-、BroadcastReceivcer概述
1、什么是广播
2、BroadcastReceiver的创建启动
BroadcastReceiver是用用于接受程序所放出的Broadcast Intent,与应用程序启动的Activity、Service相同。也只需要两步:
①、创建需要启动的Broadcast的Intent
②、创建一个类继承BroadcastReceiver,在清单文件中注册Receiver,调用content的SendBroadcast()或sendOrderedBroadcast()(发送有序广播)的方法来启动指定的BroadcastReceiver
注:当应用程序发出一个Broadcast Intent之后,所有匹配该Intent的BroadcastReceiver都会启动。如果你不需要发送广播跨应用程序,考虑使用 这类 LocalBroadcastManager
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protected void onCreate(Bundle
savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
bt_startbroadcast
= (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.bt_startbroadcast);
bt_startbroadcast.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(View
v) {
Intent
intent = new Intent(MainActivity. this ,
myBroadcast. class );
intent.putExtra( "broadcast" , "hello,world!
broadcast" );
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
});
}
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public void onReceive(Context
context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "receiver-----" +
intent.getStringExtra( "broadcast" ), 1 ).show();
}
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3、有序广播
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正常播放 (发送 Context.sendBroadcast )是完全异步的。 所有的BroadcastReceiver是运行在一个未定义的顺序,常常在同一时间。 这时效率更高,但是意味着BroadcastReceiver器,不能使用结果或中止 。
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有序广播 (发送 Context.sendOrderedBroadcast )交付给一个BroadcastReceiver。 因为每个BroadcastReceiver执行后返回值,它可以传播到下一个BroadcastReceiver,也可以完全通过abortBroadcast()方法终止广播,这样它就不会通过再通过后面的BroadcastReceiver两人。 在清单文件中可以控制运行 android:priority="" 的属性匹配intent-filter;BroadcastReceiver相同的优先级将运行在一个任意的顺序。
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public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
private Button
bt_start;
protected void onCreate(Bundle
savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
bt_start
= (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.bt_start);
bt_start.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(View
v) {
Intent
intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction( "abc" );
intent.putExtra( "name" , "hello,BroadcastReceivcer" );
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
});
}
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public void onReceive(Context
arg0, Intent intent) {
String
name = intent.getStringExtra( "name" );
System.out.println( "one=======" +
name);
}
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< receiver android:name = "com.example.broadcast_order.One" >
< intent-filter android:priority = "10" >
< action android:name = "abc" />
</ intent-filter >
</ receiver >
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public class Two extends BroadcastReceiver
{
public void onReceive(Context
arg0, Intent intent) {
String
name = intent.getStringExtra( "name" );
System.out.println( "Two=======" +
name);
//
取消Broadcast继续传递
abortBroadcast();
}
}
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< receiver android:name = "com.example.broadcast_order.Two" >
< intent-filter android:priority = "12" >
< action android:name = "abc" />
</ intent-filter >
</ receiver >
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二、Receiver的生命周期
由于BroadcastReceiver本质上属于一个监听器,因此实现BroadcastReceiver的方法也十分简单,只要重写BroadcastReceiver方法中的onReceiv(Content content,Intent intent)方法即可。
每次系统Broadcast事件发生后,系统就会创建对应的BroadcastReceiver的实例,并且自动触发他的onReceive()方法,onReceive()方法执行完后,Broadcast的实例就会被销毁。也就是说Broadcast的生命周期就是onReceive()这个方法。
如果Broadcast的onReceive()方法不能在10秒内执行完成,Android会认为该程序无响应。所以不要在BroadcastReceiver的onReceive()方法中执行一些耗时操作,否则会弹出ANR的对话框。若必须要执行比较耗时的操作,则要考虑Intent的启动一个Service来完成操作。不应该考虑使用新线程去完成耗时的操作,因为BroadcastReceiver的生命周期太短了。
三、Receiver实现电池电量监控
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protected void onCreate(Bundle
savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
bt_startbroadcast
= (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.bt_startbroadcast);
bt_startbroadcast.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(View
v) {
//
指定Broadcast能匹配Intent的方法有两种,一种是清单文件中写配置,一种是代码指定如下
IntentFilter
filter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);
myBroadcast
receiver = new myBroadcast(); //
new出自定义BroadcastReceiver的类
registerReceiver(receiver,filter);
}
});
}
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public void onReceive(Context
context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals(intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED))
{
//
获取当前电量
int level
= intent.getIntExtra( "level" , 0 );
//
获取总的电量
int scale
= intent.getIntExtra( "scale" , 100 );
Toast.makeText(context, "电池电量为:" +
((level * 100 )
/ scale) + "%" , 1 ).show();
}
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注意要在清单文件中添加获取电量权限状态的权限: <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BATTERY_STATS"/>
四、开机自动运行
在自定义的BroadcastReceiver中启动activities或Service
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public void onReceive(Context
context, Intent intent) {
Intent
intent1 = new Intent(context,
BootActivity. class );
intent1.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
//注册Activity时要使用setFlag()。Service不用
context.startActivity(intent1);
}
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清单文件中注册Receiver
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< receiver android:name = "com.example.BroadcastReceiverDemo.myBroadcast" >
< intent-filter >
< action android:name = "android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
< category android:name = "android.intent.category.HOME" />
</ intent-filter >
</ receiver >
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增加开机访问的权限:<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BATTERY_STATS" />