The University of Melbourne
School of Computing and Information Systems
COMP30024 Artificial Intelligence
Rules for the Game of
Chexers
Last updated March 11, 2019
Chexers is a three-player hexagonal turn-based race game. Test the loyalty of your band of twofaced
checkerpieces as you charge them through a twisting and treacherous battleground. Will all your
pieces stay true to your cause? Can you earn yourself some new followers in the chaos? To win this
tumultuous chase, you must double-cross and triple-cross your way across the finish line before your
opponents—three, two, one... go!
Setup
Chexers plays on a hexagonal board of 37 hexes, as illustrated in Figure 1. Three players (Red, Green, and
Blue) play the game. Each player initially controls 4 pieces of their colour. The pieces begin in the configuration
shown below in Figure 1, occupying hexes along three edges of the board.
Figure 1: Board with 37 hexes and starting configuration of 12 pieces: 4 Red (R), 4 Green (G), 4 Blue (B).
1
Gameplay
Players take turns, starting with Red, followed by Green, followed by Blue. This cycle repeats until the game
ends. On each turn, the current player must take a single action involving a piece in their colour, if possible. This
action may be a move action, a jump action, or an exit action. If no such actions are possible the player must
pass instead, taking no action. Note that a player can only pass if they have no available actions (for example if
the player has no remaining pieces or their remaining pieces are ‘blocked’ by other pieces). Each type of action is

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described in the following sections.
Move actions
A move action (a ‘move’) involves moving a piece from the hex it currently occupies to an adjacent hex (one of
the at-most-six hexes in direct contact with the current hex on the board). For the move action to take place, the
adjacent hex must not be occupied by another piece. A configuration illustrating available move actions is shown
in Figure 2a.
Jump actions
A jump action (a ‘jump’) involves moving a piece from its current hex to an unoccupied hex opposite some
occupied adjacent hex. That is, a piece ‘jumps over’ an adjacent piece onto the hex directly on the other side from
where it started. Figure 2b explores an example configuration to illustrate these concepts.
The adjacent piece (the one to be ‘jumped over’) may have any colour. If this piece is a different colour from
the jumping piece, then it will be converted—its colour will change to the colour of the jumping piece as a result
of the jump action. In this way, jump actions enable a player to ‘gain control’ of additional pieces.
(a) Move actions: In this configuration,
the piece R1 has an available move action
to each of the hexes marked a, b, c and d.
Though the hexes occupied by G and R2 are
also adjacent, moves to these hexes are not
available since they are occupied. G is on a
hex near an edge of the board and has only
4 adjacent hexes to begin with; since 2 of
them are occupied (by B and R1), G can
only move to hex a or hex d.
(b) Jump actions: In this configuration, G1 has a jump action available
over G2 to the horizontally opposite hex marked b. G1 cannot jump over
R because the hex opposite R is occupied (by B). Note that G1 cannot
jump all the way to the hex marked d either: a jumping piece may only go
over a single hex. G2 can jump over R because the opposite hex from G2’s
perspective, e, is unoccupied (this jump action will result in the conversion
of R to a Green piece). G2 cannot jump over G1 because there is no hex
opposite G1 from G2’s perspective (such a hex would have to be at the
position marked x). Note further that ‘jump sequences’ are not allowed:
G2 cannot jump over R to e and then over B to c in one action, for example.
Figure 2: These partial board configurations exemplify the rules for move actions and jump actions.
Exit actions
An exit action (an ‘exit’) involves a piece ‘leaving the board’. These actions are only possible when a piece occupies
some hex on the edge of the board directly opposite the edge where the controlling player’s pieces started the game
(as per Figure 1). The exiting piece is removed from the board (leaving its hex unoccupied). Figure 3 outlines the
hexes that allow exit actions for each player, and shows some examples of available exit actions.
(a) This figure marks the hexes where Red’s
pieces have available exit actions with r,
Green’s with g and Blue’s with b. Each
marked hex is on the opposite edge of the
board from its player’s starting position
(compare with Figure 1 which shows these
starting positions).
(b) In this configuration, only R1 and G2 have available exit actions: they
occupy hexes marked for their colour in Figure 3a. B1, B2 and R2 also
occupy hexes on edges of the board, but they are not on the correct edges
to exit for their respective colours. Note that it is not possible to ‘jump off
the board’: For example, even though G1 has an adjacent piece between it
and the edge of the board opposite Green’s starting position, G1 does not
occupy a hex marked g in Figure 3a, so it has no available exiting action.
Figure 3: These diagrams demonstrate the rules for exiting actions.
Ending the game
The game ends as soon as any player has taken 4 exiting actions (as described above). That player wins the game,
and the other two players lose the game. Note that it is not enough simply to have 4 pieces ‘in position’ for exit
actions: a turn must be taken to carry out each of the 4 exit actions to win.
Alternatively, the game may end in a draw with no players winning the game. A draw is declared if either of
the following conditions are met:
One board configuration (with the same pieces occupying the same hexes on the same player’s turn, ignoring
rearrangements of same-coloured pieces) occurs for a fourth time since the start of the game. These repeated
board configurations do not need to occur in succession.
Each player has had their 256th turn (including turns where the player must pass) and no winner has been
declared.

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