1.引入maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.在application.yml的配置:
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 106.52.82.241
port: 5672
username: yang
password: Yangxiaohui227
virtual-host: /
publisher-confirms: true #消息发送后,如果发送成功到队列,则会回调成功信息
publisher-returns: true #消息发送后,如果发送失败,则会返回失败信息信息
listener: #加了2下面2个属性,消费消息的时候,就必须发送ack确认,不然消息永远还在队列中
direct:
acknowledge-mode: manual
simple:
acknowledge-mode: manual
//为了统一管理所有的Mq消息,建一个类存储常量,消息的设计都基本会涉及(队列(queue),交换机(exchange),路由键(route)三个值)
public class RabbitMqConstant { //下单发送消息 队列名,交换机名,路由键的配置
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_EXCHANGE="shop.order.create.exchange";
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_ROUTE="shop.order.create.route";
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_QUEUE="shop.order.create.queue";
}
package com.example.demo.mq; import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.config.SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
//该类是mq最重要的一个类,所有队列的创建,交换机的创建,队列和交换机的绑定都在这里实现
@Configuration
public class RabbitMqConfig {
private final static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitMqConfig.class);
@Autowired
private CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory; @Autowired
private SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer factoryConfigurer; /**
* 单一消费者
*
* @return
*/ @Bean(name = "singleListenerContainer")
public SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory listenerContainer() {
SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
factory.setMessageConverter(new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter());
factory.setConcurrentConsumers(1);
factory.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(1);
factory.setPrefetchCount(1);
factory.setTxSize(1);
return factory;
} /**
* 多个消费者
*
* @return
*/
@Bean(name = "multiListenerContainer")
public SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory multiListenerContainer() {
SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
factoryConfigurer.configure(factory, connectionFactory);
factory.setMessageConverter(new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter());
factory.setConcurrentConsumers(20);
factory.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(20);
factory.setPrefetchCount(20);
return factory;
} /**
* 模板的初始化配置
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean sucess, String cause) {
if (sucess) {
log.info("消息发送成功:correlationData({}),ack({}),cause({})", correlationData, sucess, cause);
} }
});
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {
@Override
public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {
log.warn("消息丢失:exchange({}),route({}),replyCode({}),replyText({}),message:{}", exchange, routingKey, replyCode, replyText, message);
}
});
return rabbitTemplate;
} //消息的创建设计三个步骤:队列的创建,交换机创建(direct类型,topic类型,fanout类型),队列和交换机的通过路由键的绑定 //--------- 下单消息配置
//队列
@Bean
public Queue shopOrderCreateQueue() {
return new Queue(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_QUEUE, true);
} //Direct交换机(一对一关系,一个direct交换机只能绑定一个队列,当有2个相同消费者时,如项目部署2台机,只有一个消费者能消费,)
@Bean
DirectExchange shopOrderCreateExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_EXCHANGE);
} //绑定
@Bean
Binding bindShopOrderCreateQueue() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(shopOrderCreateQueue()).to(shopOrderCreateExchange()).with(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_ROUTE);
}
}
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.example.demo.domain.ShopOrderMast;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
//专门用一个类作为消息的生产者
@Service
public class ShopMessagePublisher {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendCreateOrderMessage(ShopOrderMast orderMast){
CorrelationData correlationData=new CorrelationData(); //该参数可以传,可以不传,不传时,correlationData的id值默认是null,消息发送成功后,在RabbitMqConfig类的rabbitTemplate类的confirm方法会接收到该值
correlationData.setId(orderMast.getCodOrderId());
String msg = JSON.toJSONString(orderMast);
//convertAndSend该方法有非常多的重构方法,找到适合自己的业务方法就行了,这里我用的是其中一个,发送时指定exchange和route值,这样就会发到对应的队列去了
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_EXCHANGE,RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_ROUTE,msg,correlationData); }
}
//所有的消费都写在一个消费类中
@Service
public class ShopMessageComsumer {
//监听下单消息
@RabbitListener(queues =RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_QUEUE)
public void createOrderMesaageComsumer(String msg, Channel channel, Message message) {
try {
//消息可以通过msg获取也可以通过message的body属性获取
System.out.println("开始消费了");
ShopOrderMast shopOrderMast = JSON.parseObject(msg, ShopOrderMast.class); /**
* 因为我在application.yml那里配置了消息手工确认也就是传说中的ack,所以消息消费后必须发送确认给mq
* 很多人不理解ack(消息消费确认),以为这个确认是告诉消息发送者的,这个是错的,这个ack是告诉mq服务器,
* 消息已经被我消费了,你可以删除它了
* 如果没有发送basicAck的后果是:每次重启服务,你都会接收到该消息
* 如果你不想用确认机制,就去掉application.yml的acknowledge-mode: manual配置,该配置默认
* 是自动确认auto,去掉后,下面的channel.basicAck就不用写了
*
*/
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false); } catch (Exception e) {
try {
//出现异常,告诉mq抛弃该消息
channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,false);
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} } }
}
//这里我发送了一条消息,orderId我设置为555556666666,在消息发送时,存到了CorrelationData对象中,因此,发送成功后,在confirm方法可以接收到该值了
//消息发送成功后,在控制台会看到有成功的回调信息,也就是回调了rabbitTemplate的:
confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean sucess, String cause)
//上面测试的下单消息是direct类型消息的,现在创建一个topic消息
//RabbitMqConstant新增topic的配置信息
//下单topic消息:路由键的名字 星号* 代表多个字符,#号代表一个字符
//topic交换机,发送消息时,发送到指定shop.order.create.topic.exchange和shop.order.create.topic.route中
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_EXCHANGE="shop.order.create.topic.exchange";
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_TOUTE="shop.order.create.topic.route"; //队列1,通过shop.order.create.topic.*与交换机绑定
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_ROUTE_ONE="shop.order.create.topic.*";
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_QUEUE_ONE="shop.order.create.topic.queue.one"; //队列2 通过shop.order.create.topic.*与交换机绑定shop.order.create.topic.#
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_ROUTE_TWO="shop.order.create.topic.#";
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO="shop.order.create.topic.queue.two";
//在RabbitMqConfig新增topic队列的基本信息
//-------------------------下单TOPIC消息的创建 //创建TOPIC交换机
@Bean
TopicExchange shopOrderCreateTopicExchange() {
return new TopicExchange(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_EXCHANGE);
}
//---------------------------//队列1使用自己的route和交换机绑定
//创建队列1
@Bean
public Queue shopOrderCreateQueueOne() {
return new Queue(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_QUEUE_ONE, true);
}
//绑定
@Bean
Binding bindShopOrderCreateQueueOne() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(shopOrderCreateQueueOne()).to(shopOrderCreateTopicExchange()).with(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_ROUTE_ONE);
} //---------------------------//队列2用自己的route和交换机绑定 //创建队列2
@Bean
public Queue shopOrderCreateQueueTWO() {
return new Queue(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO, true);
} //绑定
@Bean
Binding bindShopOrderCreateQueueTWO() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(shopOrderCreateQueueTWO()).to(shopOrderCreateTopicExchange()).with(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_ROUTE_TWO);
}
//消息的发送方新增
//发送TOPIC消息
public void sendCreateOrderTOPICMessage(ShopOrderMast orderMast){
CorrelationData correlationData=new CorrelationData(); //该参数可以传,可以不传,不传时,correlationData的id值默认是null,消息发送成功后,在RabbitMqConfig类的rabbitTemplate类的confirm方法会接收到该值
correlationData.setId(orderMast.getCodOrderId());
String msg = JSON.toJSONString(orderMast);
//消息发送使用公共route而不是某个队列自己的route
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_EXCHANGE,RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_TOUTE,msg,correlationData); }
//消息的消费方新增
//消费者1
@RabbitListener(queues =RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_QUEUE_ONE)
public void createOrderMesaageComsumerOne(String msg, Channel channel, Message message) {
try {
//消息可以通过msg获取也可以通过message对象的body值获取
System.out.println("我是消费者1");
ShopOrderMast shopOrderMast = JSON.parseObject(msg, ShopOrderMast.class); /**
* 因为我在application.yml那里配置了消息手工确认也就是传说中的ack,所以消息消费后必须发送确认给mq
* 很多人不理解ack(消息消费确认),以为这个确认是告诉消息发送者的,这个是错的,这个ack是告诉mq服务器,
* 消息已经被我消费了,你可以删除它了
* 如果没有发送basicAck的后果是:每次重启服务,你都会接收到该消息
* 如果你不想用确认机制,就去掉application.yml的acknowledge-mode: manual配置,该配置默认
* 是自动确认auto,去掉后,下面的channel.basicAck就不用写了
*
*/
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false); } catch (Exception e) {
try {
//出现异常,告诉mq抛弃该消息
channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,false);
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} } }
//消费者2
@RabbitListener(queues =RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO)
public void createOrderMesaageComsumerTWO(String msg, Channel channel, Message message) {
try {
//消息可以通过msg获取也可以通过message对象的body值获取
System.out.println("我是消费者2");
ShopOrderMast shopOrderMast = JSON.parseObject(msg, ShopOrderMast.class); /**
* 因为我在application.yml那里配置了消息手工确认也就是传说中的ack,所以消息消费后必须发送确认给mq
* 很多人不理解ack(消息消费确认),以为这个确认是告诉消息发送者的,这个是错的,这个ack是告诉mq服务器,
* 消息已经被我消费了,你可以删除它了
* 如果没有发送basicAck的后果是:每次重启服务,你都会接收到该消息
* 如果你不想用确认机制,就去掉application.yml的acknowledge-mode: manual配置,该配置默认
* 是自动确认auto,去掉后,下面的channel.basicAck就不用写了
*
*/
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false); } catch (Exception e) {
try {
//出现异常,告诉mq抛弃该消息
channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,false);
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} } }
//测试结果:
//延时队列:将消息发送到一个队列,等过了一段时间后,该队列会将消息转发到真正的队列消费,业务场景可以用于订单定时取消
//在RabbitMqConstant类添加如下内容
//延时队列,消息先发到延时队列中,到时间后,再发送到真正的队列 public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_DELAY_EXCHANGE="shop.order.create.delay.exchange";
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_DELAY_ROUTE="shop.order.create.delay.route";
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_DELAY_QUEUE="shop.order.create.delay.queue"; //真正的队列 public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_REAL_EXCHANGE="shop.order.create.real.exchange";
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_REAL_ROUTE="shop.order.create.real.route";
public final static String SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_REAL_QUEUE="shop.order.create.real.queue";
//在RabbitMqConfig加上
//----------------------- 延时队列的配置 //延时队列
@Bean
public Queue shopOrderCreateDelayQueue() {
Map<String, Object> argsMap= Maps.newHashMap();
argsMap.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_REAL_EXCHANGE); //真正的交换机
argsMap.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key",RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_REAL_ROUTE); //真正的路由键
return new Queue(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_DELAY_QUEUE,true,false,false,argsMap); }
//延时交换机
@Bean
DirectExchange shopOrderCreateDelayExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_DELAY_EXCHANGE);
} //延时队列绑定延时交换机
@Bean
Binding bindShopOrderCreateDelayQueue() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(shopOrderCreateDelayQueue()).to(shopOrderCreateDelayExchange()).with(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_DELAY_ROUTE);
} //真正的队列配置------------------------------------- //真正的队列
@Bean
public Queue shopOrderCreateRealQueue() { return new Queue(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_REAL_QUEUE,true); }
//真正的交换机
@Bean
DirectExchange shopOrderCreateRealExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_REAL_EXCHANGE);
} //绑定真正的交换机
@Bean
Binding bindShopOrderCreateRealQueue() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(shopOrderCreateRealQueue()).to(shopOrderCreateRealExchange()).with(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_REAL_ROUTE);
}
//在消息发送类(ShopMessagePublisher)新增
//发送延时消息
public void sendCreateOrderDelayMessage(ShopOrderMast orderMast){
CorrelationData correlationData=new CorrelationData(); //该参数可以传,可以不传,不传时,correlationData的id值默认是null,消息发送成功后,在RabbitMqConfig类的rabbitTemplate类的confirm方法会接收到该值
correlationData.setId(orderMast.getCodOrderId());
String msg = JSON.toJSONString(orderMast);
// convertAndSend(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor, @Nullable CorrelationData correlationData)
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_DELAY_EXCHANGE, RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_DELAY_ROUTE, msg, new MessagePostProcessor() {
@Override
public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
MessageProperties messageProperties = message.getMessageProperties();
messageProperties.setExpiration("60000");//单位是毫秒
return message;
}
}, correlationData); }
//在消费类(ShopMessageComsumer) 新增
//延迟队列中真正队列监听
@RabbitListener(queues =RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_REAL_QUEUE)
public void createOrderRealMesaageComsumer(String msg, Channel channel, Message message) {
try { System.out.println("这是真正的队列,在监听延时队列发送的消息");
ShopOrderMast shopOrderMast = JSON.parseObject(msg, ShopOrderMast.class); channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false); } catch (Exception e) {
try {
//出现异常,告诉mq抛弃该消息
channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,false);
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} } }
//注意,如果同时使用了延时队列的queue去接收,那么消息会被延迟队列的消费者消费,而不是被真正的queue消费
//如果在延迟队列消费时,加了下面这个队列,上面那个真正的消费者就接收不到消息了
@RabbitListener(queues =RabbitMqConstant.SHOP_ORDER_CREATE_DELAY_QUEUE)
public void createOrderDelayMesaageComsumer(String msg, Channel channel, Message message) {
try {
System.out.println("测试延迟队列自己能否接收");
ShopOrderMast shopOrderMast = JSON.parseObject(msg, ShopOrderMast.class);
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false); } catch (Exception e) {
try {
//出现异常,告诉mq抛弃该消息
channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,false);
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} } }
//补充:对于direct和topic交换机,如果部署多台相同queue的消费者,消息也只会消费一次,通过轮询的方式进行负债均衡
//如何在rabbitMq管理页面查看没有还没被消费的消息信息:
通过界面发送Mq消息,场景,如日志发现某条消息没有发送,可以在这里发送回去: