一.查看当前环境
1.1 当前控制文件中的SCN号
[oracle@ora10 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jan 17 10:11:34 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> col name format a65 SQL> select file#,to_char(checkpoint_change#,'') from v$datafile; FILE# TO_CHAR(CHECK
---------- -------------
1 490652
2 490652
3 490652
4 490652
5 490652 SQL>
1.2 当前数据文件的状态
SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;
FILE# STATUS NAME
---------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bc7ldql4_.dbf
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bc7lf4bd_.dbf
4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_bc7lflno_.dbf
5 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf
SQL>
二.模拟故障场景
2.1 将datafile 5 offline
SQL> alter database datafile 5 offline;
Database altered.
SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;
FILE# STATUS NAME
---------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bc7ldql4_.db
f
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bc7lf4bd_.dbf
4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_bc7lflno_.dbf
5 RECOVER /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf ---文件5的状态已经被改变
SQL>
2.2 更改文件的SCN号
--做日志切换，多执行几次
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
.........
SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile; FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
1 491337
2 491337
3 491337
4 491337
5 490652 --SCN号未变 SQL> ---查看需要恢复datafile 的SCN:
SQL> select file#,online_status,change# from v$recover_file; FILE# ONLINE_ CHANGE#
---------- ------- ----------
5 OFFLINE 490652 SQL>
2.3 将datafile 5 online
SQL> alter database datafile 5 online;
alter database datafile 5 online
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 5 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf' SQL>
三.利用bbed修改文件5的scn号
3.1 再利用bbed前，将数据库关闭
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
3.2 利用bbed查看文件1和文件5的scn号
----查看文件的scn号之前，先了解文件中的scn号的4个属性值
Oracle根据4个属性来判断datafile 是否和其他的datafile 一致，如果都一致，可以正常操作，如果不一致，那么会报ORA-01113错误。
- kscnbas (at offset 484) - SCN of last change to the datafile.
- kcvcptim (at offset 492) -Time of the last change to the datafile.
- kcvfhcpc (at offset 140) - Checkpoint count.
- kcvfhccc (at offset 148) - Unknown, but is always 1 less than thecheckpoint point count
这四个属性值存在File header中，即文件的第一个数据块中
---查看文件1的4个SCN属性值
BBED> set file 1
FILE# 1 BBED> set block 1
BLOCK# 1 BBED> map /v
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------
Data File Header struct kcvfh, 676 bytes @0
struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0
struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20
ub4 kcvfhrdb @96
struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes @100
ub4 kcvfhcrt @108
ub4 kcvfhrlc @112
struct kcvfhrls, 8 bytes @116
ub4 kcvfhbti @124
struct kcvfhbsc, 8 bytes @128
ub2 kcvfhbth @136
ub2 kcvfhsta @138
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140
ub4 kcvfhrts @144
ub4 kcvfhccc @148
struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes @152
ub4 kcvfhbhz @312
struct kcvfhxcd, 16 bytes @316
word kcvfhtsn @332
ub2 kcvfhtln @336
text kcvfhtnm[30] @338
ub4 kcvfhrfn @368
struct kcvfhrfs, 8 bytes @372
ub4 kcvfhrft @380
struct kcvfhafs, 8 bytes @384
ub4 kcvfhbbc @392
ub4 kcvfhncb @396
ub4 kcvfhmcb @400
ub4 kcvfhlcb @404
ub4 kcvfhbcs @408
ub2 kcvfhofb @412
ub2 kcvfhnfb @414
ub4 kcvfhprc @416
struct kcvfhprs, 8 bytes @420
struct kcvfhprfs, 8 bytes @428
ub4 kcvfhtrt @444 ub4 tailchk @8188 BBED> print kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484
ub4 kscnbas @484 0x00077fd0
ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000
ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x33cf444d
ub2 kcvcpthr @496 0x0001
union u, 12 bytes @500
struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500
ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x00000010
ub4 kcrbabno @504 0x000000f3
ub2 kcrbabof @508 0x0010
ub1 kcvcpetb[0] @512 0x02
ub1 kcvcpetb[1] @513 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[2] @514 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[3] @515 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[4] @516 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[5] @517 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[6] @518 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00 BBED> print kcvfhcpc
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x0000004e BBED> print kcvfhccc
ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x0000004d BBED> 注意：print打印出来的值和在文件中存储的值可能不是完全一致。在intel 的little endian是低位先存储，即顺序与我们看到的是相反的.利用
dump出数据实际存储值： BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 484 count 32
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x00400001
-------------------------------------------------------
d07f0700 00000000 4d44cf33 01000a00 l ......MD....
10000000 f3000000 1000ffbf 02000000 l ............ <16 bytes per line> BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 140 count 32
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 171 Dba:0x00400001
-------------------------------------------------------
4e000000 1ecfce33 4d000000 00000000 l N....衔3M.......
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................ <16 bytes per line> BBED> ub4 kscnbas @484 0x00077fd0 -->d07f0700 这四个值才是我们要写入文件5中的
ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x33cf444d -->4d44cf33
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x0000004e -->4e000000
ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x0000004d -->4d000000
3.3 修改文件5的4个SCN值
----修改kscnbas
BBED> modify /x d07f0700 dba 5,1 offset 484
BBED-00209: invalid number (d07f0700) --报无法修改，看看两个文件的484至487的4个字节值的异同：
BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 484 count 32
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x00400001
-------------------------------------------------------
d07f0700 00000000 4d44cf33 01000a00 l ......MD....
10000000 f3000000 1000ffbf 02000000 l ............ <16 bytes per line> BBED> BBED> dump /v dba 5,1 offset 484 count 32
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
9c7c0700 0000870a 1d3fcf33 01000000 l .|.......?....
09000000 02000000 1000ffbf 02000000 l .............. <16 bytes per line> BBED> --观察文件1和文件5的前四个字节的异同，只修改484，485前两字节 BBED> modify /x d07f dba 5,1 offset 484
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) Y
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
d07f0700 0000870a 1d3fcf33 01000000 09000000 02000000 1000ffbf 02000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED>
----修改kcvcptim
----观察文件1和文件5的前四个字节的异同
BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 492 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 495 Dba:0x00400001
-------------------------------------------------------
4d44cf33 l MD <16 bytes per line> BBED> dump /v dba 5,1 offset 492 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 495 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
1d3fcf33 l .? <16 bytes per line> BBED> 同理，只需修改492，493两字节的值 BBED> modify /x 4d44 dba 5,1 offset 492
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 495 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4d44cf33 <32 bytes per line> BBED>
----修改kcvfhcpc
----观察前四个字节的异同
BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 140 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 143 Dba:0x00400001
-------------------------------------------------------
4e000000 l N... <16 bytes per line> BBED> dump /v dba 5,1 offset 140 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 143 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
49000000 l I... <16 bytes per line> BBED> --只需修改前两个字节
BBED> modify /x 4e00 dba 5,1 offset 140
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 143 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4e000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED>
----修改kcvfhccc
----观察前四个字节的异同
BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 148 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 151 Dba:0x00400001
-------------------------------------------------------
4d000000 l M... <16 bytes per line> BBED> dump /v dba 5,1 offset 148 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 151 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
48000000 l H... <16 bytes per line> BBED> ----只需修改前两个字节
BBED> modify /x 4d00 dba 5,1 offset 148
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf (5)
Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 151 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4d000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED>
3.4 应用修改
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 1:
current = 0xf719, required = 0xf719 BBED>
四.创建控制文件
虽然我们修改了datafile header里的几个值，但是v$datafile里的scn并没有改变，因为v$datafile里的scn是从控制文件里读取的。 而BBED 不能修改控制文件，所以，还需要重建控制文件。
4.1 用带*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=TRUE的pfile启库到nomount状态
SQL> startup nomount pfile=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora
ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 92276304 bytes
Database Buffers 188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
SQL> 注：如果没有此参数后期open resetlogs 时会报：
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01194: file 5 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf'
4.2 创建控制文件
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "orcl" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
2 MAXLOGFILES 16
3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
4 MAXDATAFILES 100
5 MAXINSTANCES 8
6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292
7 LOGFILE
8 GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
9 GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
10 GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
11 DATAFILE
12 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bc7lf4bd_.dbf',
13 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf',
14 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bc7ldql4_.dbf',
15 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_bc7lflno_.dbf',
16 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf'
17 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
18 ;
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "orcl" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE failed
ORA-01229: data file 5 is inconsistent with logs
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf' SQL> 因为ORA-01229: data file 5 is inconsistent with logs，索引不能用NORESETLOGS创建控制文件，只能用RESETLOGS SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "orcl" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
2 MAXLOGFILES 16
3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
4 MAXDATAFILES 100
5 MAXINSTANCES 8
6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292
7 LOGFILE
8 GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
9 GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
10 GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
11 DATAFILE
12 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bc7lf4bd_.dbf',
13 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bc7ld3sf_.dbf',
14 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bc7ldql4_.dbf',
15 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_bc7lflno_.dbf',
16 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf'
17 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
18 ; Control file created. SQL>
4.3 恢复数据库
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 491472 generated at 01/17/2015 10:24:13 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_01_17/o1_mf_1_9_%u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 491472 for thread 1 is in sequence #9 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00328: archived log ends at change 491322, need later change 491472
ORA-00334: archived log: '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_01_17/o1_mf_1_9_bcnzchrb_.arc' ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below
ORA-01194: file 5 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/test_01.dbf' SQL> alter database open resetlogs; -- Database altered. SQL>
至此，数据库打开，不过并不是完全恢复