前言
pymsql是Python中操作MySQL的模块,其使用方法和MySQLdb几乎相同。但目前pymysql支持python3.x而后者不支持3.x版本。
本文测试python版本:2.7.11。mysql版本:5.6.24
一、安装
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pip3 install pymysql |
二、使用操作
1、执行SQL
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#!/usr/bin/env pytho # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql
# 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ , port = 3306 , user = ‘root‘ , passwd = ‘ ‘, db=‘ tkq1 ‘, charset=‘ utf8‘)
# 创建游标 cursor = conn.cursor()
# 执行SQL,并返回收影响行数 effect_row = cursor.execute( "select * from tb7" )
# 执行SQL,并返回受影响行数 #effect_row = cursor.execute("update tb7 set pass = ‘123‘ where nid = %s", (11,)) # 执行SQL,并返回受影响行数,执行多次 #effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)", [("u1","u1pass","11111"),("u2","u2pass","22222")]) # 提交,不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据 conn.commit() # 关闭游标 cursor.close() # 关闭连接 conn.close() |
注意:存在中文的时候,连接需要添加charset=‘utf8‘,否则中文显示乱码。
2、获取查询数据
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#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ , port = 3306 , user = ‘root‘ , passwd = ‘ ‘, db=‘ tkq1‘)
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute( "select * from tb7" )
# 获取剩余结果的第一行数据 row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1
# 获取剩余结果前n行数据 # row_2 = cursor.fetchmany(3) # 获取剩余结果所有数据 # row_3 = cursor.fetchall() conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
3、获取新创建数据自增ID
可以获取到最新自增的ID,也就是最后插入的一条数据ID
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#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ , port = 3306 , user = ‘root‘ , passwd = ‘ ‘, db=‘ tkq1‘)
cursor = conn.cursor()
effect_row = cursor.executemany( "insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)" , [( "u3" , "u3pass" , "11113" ),( "u4" , "u4pass" , "22224" )])
conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() #获取自增id new_id = cursor.lastrowid
print new_id
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4、移动游标
操作都是靠游标,那对游标的控制也是必须的
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注:在fetch数据时按照顺序进行,可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)来移动游标位置,如: cursor.scroll( 1 ,mode = ‘relative‘ ) # 相对当前位置移动
cursor.scroll( 2 ,mode = ‘absolute‘ ) # 相对绝对位置移动
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5、fetch数据类型
关于默认获取的数据是元祖类型,如果想要或者字典类型的数据,即:
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#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ , port = 3306 , user = ‘root‘ , passwd = ‘ ‘, db=‘ tkq1‘)
#游标设置为字典类型 cursor = conn.cursor(cursor = pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cursor.execute( "select * from tb7" )
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1 #{u‘licnese‘: 213, u‘user‘: ‘123‘, u‘nid‘: 10, u‘pass‘: ‘213‘}
conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
6、调用存储过程
a、调用无参存储过程
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#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ , port = 3306 , user = ‘root‘ , passwd = ‘ ‘, db=‘ tkq1‘)
#游标设置为字典类型 cursor = conn.cursor(cursor = pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
#无参数存储过程 cursor.callproc( ‘p2‘ ) #等价于cursor.execute("call p2()")
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1
conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
b、调用有参存储过程
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#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ , port = 3306 , user = ‘root‘ , passwd = ‘ ‘, db=‘ tkq1‘)
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor = pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cursor.callproc( ‘p1‘ , args = ( 1 , 22 , 3 , 4 ))
#获取执行完存储的参数,参数@开头 cursor.execute( "select @p1,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3" ) #{u‘@_p1_1‘: 22, u‘@p1‘: None, u‘@_p1_2‘: 103, u‘@_p1_3‘: 24}
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1
conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
三、关于pymysql防注入
1、字符串拼接查询,造成注入
正常查询语句:
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#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ , port = 3306 , user = ‘root‘ , passwd = ‘ ‘, db=‘ tkq1‘)
cursor = conn.cursor()
user = "u1"
passwd = "u1pass"
#正常构造语句的情况 sql = "select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘%s‘ and pass=‘%s‘" % (user,passwd)
#sql=select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘u1‘ and pass=‘u1pass‘ row_count = cursor.execute(sql) row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1
conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
构造注入语句:
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#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ , port = 3306 , user = ‘root‘ , passwd = ‘ ‘, db=‘ tkq1‘)
cursor = conn.cursor()
user = "u1‘ or ‘1‘-- "
passwd = "u1pass"
sql = "select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘%s‘ and pass=‘%s‘" % (user,passwd)
#拼接语句被构造成下面这样,永真条件,此时就注入成功了。因此要避免这种情况需使用pymysql提供的参数化查询。 #select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘u1‘ or ‘1‘-- ‘ and pass=‘u1pass‘ row_count = cursor.execute(sql)
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1
conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
2、避免注入,使用pymysql提供的参数化语句
正常参数化查询
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#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ , port = 3306 , user = ‘root‘ , passwd = ‘ ‘, db=‘ tkq1‘)
cursor = conn.cursor()
user = "u1"
passwd = "u1pass"
#执行参数化查询 row_count = cursor.execute( "select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s" ,(user,passwd))
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1
conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
构造注入,参数化查询注入失败。
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#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ , port = 3306 , user = ‘root‘ , passwd = ‘ ‘, db=‘ tkq1‘)
cursor = conn.cursor()
user = "u1‘ or ‘1‘-- "
passwd = "u1pass"
#执行参数化查询 row_count = cursor.execute( "select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s" ,(user,passwd))
#内部执行参数化生成的SQL语句,对特殊字符进行了加\转义,避免注入语句生成。 # sql=cursor.mogrify("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd)) # print sql #select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘u1\‘ or \‘1\‘-- ‘ and pass=‘u1pass‘被转义的语句。 row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1
conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
结论:excute执行SQL语句的时候,必须使用参数化的方式,否则必然产生SQL注入漏洞。
3、使用存mysql储过程动态执行SQL防注入
使用MYSQL存储过程自动提供防注入,动态传入SQL到存储过程执行语句。
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delimiter \\ DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS proc_sql \\ CREATE PROCEDURE proc_sql ( in nid1 INT ,
in nid2 INT ,
in callsql VARCHAR( 255 )
)
BEGIN set @nid1 = nid1;
set @nid2 = nid2;
set @callsql = callsql;
PREPARE myprod FROM @callsql;
- - PREPARE prod FROM ‘select * from tb2 where nid>? and nid<?‘ ; 传入的值为字符串,?为占位符
- - 用@p1,和@p2填充占位符
EXECUTE myprod USING @nid1,@nid2;
DEALLOCATE prepare myprod;
END\\ delimiter ; |
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set @nid1 = 12 ;
set @nid2 = 15 ;
set @callsql = ‘select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid<?‘ ;
CALL proc_sql(@nid1,@nid2,@callsql) |
pymsql中调用
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#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ , port = 3306 , user = ‘root‘ , passwd = ‘ ‘, db=‘ tkq1‘)
cursor = conn.cursor()
mysql = "select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid<?"
cursor.callproc( ‘proc_sql‘ , args = ( 11 , 15 , mysql))
rows = cursor.fetchall()
print rows #((12, ‘u1‘, ‘u1pass‘, 11111), (13, ‘u2‘, ‘u2pass‘, 22222), (14, ‘u3‘, ‘u3pass‘, 11113))
conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() |
四、使用with简化连接过程
每次都连接关闭很麻烦,使用上下文管理,简化连接过程
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#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "TKQ" import pymysql
import contextlib
#定义上下文管理器,连接后自动关闭连接 @contextlib .contextmanager
def mysql(host = ‘127.0.0.1‘ , port = 3306 , user = ‘root‘ , passwd = ‘ ‘, db=‘ tkq1 ‘,charset=‘ utf8‘):
conn = pymysql.connect(host = host, port = port, user = user, passwd = passwd, db = db, charset = charset)
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor = pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
try :
yield cursor
finally :
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
# 执行sql with mysql() as cursor: print (cursor)
row_count = cursor.execute( "select * from tb7" )
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count, row_1
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