一、BufferedImage类介绍
生成验证码图片主要用到了一个BufferedImage类，如下：
创建一个DrawImage Servlet，用来生成验证码图片
1 package gacl.response.study; 2 import java.awt.Color; 3 import java.awt.Font; 4 import java.awt.Graphics; 5 import java.awt.Graphics2D; 6 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; 7 import java.io.IOException; 8 import java.util.Random; 9 import javax.imageio.ImageIO; 10 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 12 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 13 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 14 /** 15 * 生成随机图片，用来作为验证码 16 */ 17 public class DrawImage extends HttpServlet { 18 private static final long serialVersionUID = 3038623696184546092L; 19 20 public static final int WIDTH = 120;//生成的图片的宽度 21 public static final int HEIGHT = 30;//生成的图片的高度 22 23 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 24 throws ServletException, IOException { 25 this.doPost(request, response); 26 } 27 28 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 29 throws ServletException, IOException { 30 String createTypeFlag = request.getParameter("createTypeFlag");//接收客户端传递的createTypeFlag标识 31 //1.在内存中创建一张图片 32 BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(WIDTH, HEIGHT,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); 33 //2.得到图片 34 Graphics g = bi.getGraphics(); 35 //3.设置图片的背影色 36 setBackGround(g); 37 //4.设置图片的边框 38 setBorder(g); 39 //5.在图片上画干扰线 40 drawRandomLine(g); 41 //6.写在图片上随机数 42 //String random = drawRandomNum((Graphics2D) g,"ch");//生成中文验证码图片 43 //String random = drawRandomNum((Graphics2D) g,"nl");//生成数字和字母组合的验证码图片 44 //String random = drawRandomNum((Graphics2D) g,"n");//生成纯数字的验证码图片 45 //String random = drawRandomNum((Graphics2D) g,"l");//生成纯字母的验证码图片 46 String random = drawRandomNum((Graphics2D) g,createTypeFlag);//根据客户端传递的createTypeFlag标识生成验证码图片 47 //7.将随机数存在session中 48 request.getSession().setAttribute("checkcode", random); 49 //8.设置响应头通知浏览器以图片的形式打开 50 response.setContentType("image/jpeg");//等同于response.setHeader("Content-Type", "image/jpeg"); 51 //9.设置响应头控制浏览器不要缓存 52 response.setDateHeader("expries", -1); 53 response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); 54 response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); 55 //10.将图片写给浏览器 56 ImageIO.write(bi, "jpg", response.getOutputStream()); 57 } 58 59 /** 60 * 设置图片的背景色 61 * @param g 62 */ 63 private void setBackGround(Graphics g) { 64 // 设置颜色 65 g.setColor(Color.WHITE); 66 // 填充区域 67 g.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT); 68 } 69 70 /** 71 * 设置图片的边框 72 * @param g 73 */ 74 private void setBorder(Graphics g) { 75 // 设置边框颜色 76 g.setColor(Color.BLUE); 77 // 边框区域 78 g.drawRect(1, 1, WIDTH - 2, HEIGHT - 2); 79 } 80 81 /** 82 * 在图片上画随机线条 83 * @param g 84 */ 85 private void drawRandomLine(Graphics g) { 86 // 设置颜色 87 g.setColor(Color.GREEN); 88 // 设置线条个数并画线 89 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { 90 int x1 = new Random().nextInt(WIDTH); 91 int y1 = new Random().nextInt(HEIGHT); 92 int x2 = new Random().nextInt(WIDTH); 93 int y2 = new Random().nextInt(HEIGHT); 94 g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2); 95 } 96 } 97 98 /** 99 * 画随机字符 100 * @param g 101 * @param createTypeFlag 102 * @return 103 * String... createTypeFlag是可变参数， 104 * Java1.5增加了新特性：可变参数：适用于参数个数不确定，类型确定的情况，java把可变参数当做数组处理。注意：可变参数必须位于最后一项 105 */ 106 private String drawRandomNum(Graphics2D g,String... createTypeFlag) { 107 // 设置颜色 108 g.setColor(Color.RED); 109 // 设置字体 110 g.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 20)); 111 //常用的中国汉字 112 String baseChineseChar = "\u7684\u4e00\u4e86\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u6765\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e0a\u7740\u4e2a\u5730\u5230\u5927\u91cc\u8bf4\u5c31\u53bb\u5b50\u5f97\u4e5f\u548c\u90a3\u8981\u4e0b\u770b\u5929\u65f6\u8fc7\u51fa\u5c0f\u4e48\u8d77\u4f60\u90fd\u628a\u597d\u8fd8\u591a\u6ca1\u4e3a\u53c8\u53ef\u5bb6\u5b66\u53ea\u4ee5\u4e3b\u4f1a\u6837\u5e74\u60f3\u751f\u540c\u8001\u4e2d\u5341\u4ece\u81ea\u9762\u524d\u5934\u9053\u5b83\u540e\u7136\u8d70\u5f88\u50cf\u89c1\u4e24\u7528\u5979\u56fd\u52a8\u8fdb\u6210\u56de\u4ec0\u8fb9\u4f5c\u5bf9\u5f00\u800c\u5df1\u4e9b\u73b0\u5c71\u6c11\u5019\u7ecf\u53d1\u5de5\u5411\u4e8b\u547d\u7ed9\u957f\u6c34\u51e0\u4e49\u4e09\u58f0\u4e8e\u9ad8\u624b\u77e5\u7406\u773c\u5fd7\u70b9\u5fc3\u6218\u4e8c\u95ee\u4f46\u8eab\u65b9\u5b9e\u5403\u505a\u53eb\u5f53\u4f4f\u542c\u9769\u6253\u5462\u771f\u5168\u624d\u56db\u5df2\u6240\u654c\u4e4b\u6700\u5149\u4ea7\u60c5\u8def\u5206\u603b\u6761\u767d\u8bdd\u4e1c\u5e2d\u6b21\u4eb2\u5982\u88ab\u82b1\u53e3\u653e\u513f\u5e38\u6c14\u4e94\u7b2c\u4f7f\u5199\u519b\u5427\u6587\u8fd0\u518d\u679c\u600e\u5b9a\u8bb8\u5feb\u660e\u884c\u56e0\u522b\u98de\u5916\u6811\u7269\u6d3b\u90e8\u95e8\u65e0\u5f80\u8239\u671b\u65b0\u5e26\u961f\u5148\u529b\u5b8c\u5374\u7ad9\u4ee3\u5458\u673a\u66f4\u4e5d\u60a8\u6bcf\u98ce\u7ea7\u8ddf\u7b11\u554a\u5b69\u4e07\u5c11\u76f4\u610f\u591c\u6bd4\u9636\u8fde\u8f66\u91cd\u4fbf\u6597\u9a6c\u54ea\u5316\u592a\u6307\u53d8\u793e\u4f3c\u58eb\u8005\u5e72\u77f3\u6ee1\u65e5\u51b3\u767e\u539f\u62ff\u7fa4\u7a76\u5404\u516d\u672c\u601d\u89e3\u7acb\u6cb3\u6751\u516b\u96be\u65e9\u8bba\u5417\u6839\u5171\u8ba9\u76f8\u7814\u4eca\u5176\u4e66\u5750\u63a5\u5e94\u5173\u4fe1\u89c9\u6b65\u53cd\u5904\u8bb0\u5c06\u5343\u627e\u4e89\u9886\u6216\u5e08\u7ed3\u5757\u8dd1\u8c01\u8349\u8d8a\u5b57\u52a0\u811a\u7d27\u7231\u7b49\u4e60\u9635\u6015\u6708\u9752\u534a\u706b\u6cd5\u9898\u5efa\u8d76\u4f4d\u5531\u6d77\u4e03\u5973\u4efb\u4ef6\u611f\u51c6\u5f20\u56e2\u5c4b\u79bb\u8272\u8138\u7247\u79d1\u5012\u775b\u5229\u4e16\u521a\u4e14\u7531\u9001\u5207\u661f\u5bfc\u665a\u8868\u591f\u6574\u8ba4\u54cd\u96ea\u6d41\u672a\u573a\u8be5\u5e76\u5e95\u6df1\u523b\u5e73\u4f1f\u5fd9\u63d0\u786e\u8fd1\u4eae\u8f7b\u8bb2\u519c\u53e4\u9ed1\u544a\u754c\u62c9\u540d\u5440\u571f\u6e05\u9633\u7167\u529e\u53f2\u6539\u5386\u8f6c\u753b\u9020\u5634\u6b64\u6cbb\u5317\u5fc5\u670d\u96e8\u7a7f\u5185\u8bc6\u9a8c\u4f20\u4e1a\u83dc\u722c\u7761\u5174\u5f62\u91cf\u54b1\u89c2\u82e6\u4f53\u4f17\u901a\u51b2\u5408\u7834\u53cb\u5ea6\u672f\u996d\u516c\u65c1\u623f\u6781\u5357\u67aa\u8bfb\u6c99\u5c81\u7ebf\u91ce\u575a\u7a7a\u6536\u7b97\u81f3\u653f\u57ce\u52b3\u843d\u94b1\u7279\u56f4\u5f1f\u80dc\u6559\u70ed\u5c55\u5305\u6b4c\u7c7b\u6e10\u5f3a\u6570\u4e61\u547c\u6027\u97f3\u7b54\u54e5\u9645\u65e7\u795e\u5ea7\u7ae0\u5e2e\u5566\u53d7\u7cfb\u4ee4\u8df3\u975e\u4f55\u725b\u53d6\u5165\u5cb8\u6562\u6389\u5ffd\u79cd\u88c5\u9876\u6025\u6797\u505c\u606f\u53e5\u533a\u8863\u822c\u62a5\u53f6\u538b\u6162\u53d4\u80cc\u7ec6"; 113 //数字和字母的组合 114 String baseNumLetter = "0123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; 115 //纯数字 116 String baseNum = "0123456789"; 117 //纯字母 118 String baseLetter = "ABCDEFGHJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; 119 //createTypeFlag[0]==null表示没有传递参数 120 if (createTypeFlag.length > 0 && null != createTypeFlag[0]) { 121 if (createTypeFlag[0].equals("ch")) { 122 // 截取汉字 123 return createRandomChar(g, baseChineseChar); 124 }else if (createTypeFlag[0].equals("nl")) { 125 // 截取数字和字母的组合 126 return createRandomChar(g, baseNumLetter); 127 }else if (createTypeFlag[0].equals("n")) { 128 // 截取数字 129 return createRandomChar(g, baseNum); 130 }else if (createTypeFlag[0].equals("l")) { 131 // 截取字母 132 return createRandomChar(g, baseLetter); 133 } 134 }else { 135 // 默认截取数字和字母的组合 136 return createRandomChar(g, baseNumLetter); 137 } 138 139 return ""; 140 } 141 142 /** 143 * 创建随机字符 144 * @param g 145 * @param baseChar 146 * @return 随机字符 147 */ 148 private String createRandomChar(Graphics2D g,String baseChar) { 149 StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); 150 int x = 5; 151 String ch =""; 152 // 控制字数 153 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { 154 // 设置字体旋转角度 155 int degree = new Random().nextInt() % 30; 156 ch = baseChar.charAt(new Random().nextInt(baseChar.length())) + ""; 157 sb.append(ch); 158 // 正向角度 159 g.rotate(degree * Math.PI / 180, x, 20); 160 g.drawString(ch, x, 20); 161 // 反向角度 162 g.rotate(-degree * Math.PI / 180, x, 20); 163 x += 30; 164 } 165 return sb.toString(); 166 } 167 }
运行结果如下：
二、在Form表单中使用验证码图片
1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 2 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <title>在Form表单中使用验证码</title> 6 <script type="text/javascript"> 7 //刷新验证码 8 function changeImg(){ 9 document.getElementById("validateCodeImg").src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/DrawImage?"+Math.random(); 10 } 11 </script> 12 </head> 13 14 <body> 15 <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/CheckServlet" method="post"> 16 验证码：<input type="text" name="validateCode"/> 17 <img alt="验证码看不清，换一张" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/DrawImage" id="validateCodeImg" onclick="changeImg()"> 18 <a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="changeImg()">看不清，换一张</a> 19 <br/> 20 <input type="submit" value="提交"> 21 </form> 22 </body> 23 </html>
运行结果：
DrawImage Servlet除了可以生成的字母和数字的组合的验证码图片之外，还可以生成汉字，纯数字，纯字母的验证码图片，只需要向DrawImage Servlet传递约定好的生成标识符参数即可，如下所示：
1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 2 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <title>在Form表单中使用验证码</title> 6 <script type="text/javascript"> 7 //刷新验证码 8 function changeImg(obj,createTypeFlag){ 9 document.getElementById(obj.id).src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/DrawImage?createTypeFlag="+createTypeFlag+"&"+Math.random(); 10 } 11 </script> 12 </head> 13 14 <body> 15 <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/CheckServlet" method="post"> 16 数字字母混合验证码：<input type="text" name="validateCode"/> 17 <img alt="验证码看不清，换一张" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/DrawImage" id="validateCodeImg1" onclick="changeImg(this,‘nl‘)"> 18 <br/> 19 中文验证码：<input type="text" name="validateCode"/> 20 <img alt="验证码看不清，换一张" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/DrawImage?createTypeFlag=ch" id="validateCodeImg2" onclick="changeImg(this,‘ch‘)"> 21 <br/> 22 英文验证码：<input type="text" name="validateCode"/> 23 <img alt="验证码看不清，换一张" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/DrawImage?createTypeFlag=l" id="validateCodeImg3" onclick="changeImg(this,‘l‘)"> 24 <br/> 25 数字验证码：<input type="text" name="validateCode"/> 26 <img alt="验证码看不清，换一张" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/DrawImage?createTypeFlag=n" id="validateCodeImg4" onclick="changeImg(this,‘n‘)"> 27 <br/> 28 <input type="submit" value="提交"> 29 </form> 30 </body> 31 </html>
运行结果如下：
三、服务器端对form表单提交上来的验证码处理
1 package gacl.response.study; 2 import java.io.IOException; 3 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 4 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 5 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 7 /** 8 * @author gacl 9 * 服务器端接收到验证码后的处理 10 */ 11 public class CheckServlet extends HttpServlet { 12 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 13 throws ServletException, IOException { 14 String clientCheckcode = request.getParameter("validateCode");//接收客户端浏览器提交上来的验证码 15 String serverCheckcode = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("checkcode");//从服务器端的session中取出验证码 16 if (clientCheckcode.equals(serverCheckcode)) {//将客户端验证码和服务器端验证比较，如果相等，则表示验证通过 17 System.out.println("验证码验证通过！"); 18 }else { 19 System.out.println("验证码验证失败！"); 20 } 21 } 22 23 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 24 throws ServletException, IOException { 25 doGet(request, response); 26 } 27 28 }