一、线程池
a、固定大小的线程池
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; /**
* Java线程:线程池-
*
* */
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建一个可重用固定线程数的线程池
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
//创建实现了Runnable接口对象,Thread对象当然也实现了Runnable接口
Thread t1 = new MyThread();
Thread t2 = new MyThread();
Thread t3 = new MyThread();
Thread t4 = new MyThread();
Thread t5 = new MyThread();
//将线程放入池中进行执行
pool.execute(t1);
pool.execute(t2);
pool.execute(t3);
pool.execute(t4);
pool.execute(t5);
//关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
} class MyThread extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"正在执行...");
}
}
运行结果:
pool--thread-1正在执行...
pool--thread-1正在执行...
pool--thread-2正在执行...
pool--thread-1正在执行...
pool--thread-2正在执行...
如果将线程池的大小改为4,则运行结果如下:
pool--thread-2正在执行...
pool--thread-3正在执行...
pool--thread-3正在执行...
pool--thread-2正在执行...
pool--thread-1正在执行...
b、单任务线程池
在上例的基础上改一行创建pool对象的代码为:
//创建一个使用单个 worker 线程的 Executor,以*队列方式来运行该线程。
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
则,运行结果为:
pool--thread-1正在执行...
pool--thread-1正在执行...
pool--thread-1正在执行...
pool--thread-1正在执行...
pool--thread-1正在执行...
c、可变尺寸的线程池
与上面的类似,只是改动下pool的创建方式:
//创建一个可根据需要创建新线程的线程池,但是在以前构造的线程可用时将重用它们。
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
运行结果如下:
pool-1-thread-1正在执行...
pool-1-thread-5正在执行...
pool-1-thread-4正在执行...
pool-1-thread-3正在执行...
pool-1-thread-2正在执行...
d、延迟连接池
package concurrent;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /**
* Java线程:线程池-
*
*
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建一个线程池,它可那排在给定延迟后运行命令或者定期地执行
ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
//创建实现了Runnable接口对象,Thread对象当然也实现了Runnable接口
Thread t1 = new MyThread();
Thread t2 = new MyThread();
Thread t3 = new MyThread();
Thread t4 = new MyThread();
Thread t5 = new MyThread();
//将线程放入池中进行执行
pool.execute(t1);
pool.execute(t2);
pool.execute(t3);
//使用延迟执行风格的方法
pool.schedule(t4, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
pool.schedule(t5, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
} class MyThread extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"正在执行...");
}
}
e、单任务连接线程池
在d的代码基础上,做改动
//创建一个单线程执行程序,它可安排在给定延迟后运行命令或者定期地执行。
ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
运行时,会发现,t4延迟5s后得到执行,t5延迟10s后得到执行。运行结果如下:
pool-1-thread-2正在执行...
pool-1-thread-1正在执行...
pool-1-thread-1正在执行...
pool-1-thread-2正在执行...
pool-1-thread-1正在执行...
f、自定义线程池
package concurrent;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /**
* Java线程:线程池-自定义线程池
*
*
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建等待队列
BlockingQueue<Runnable> bqueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(20);
//创建一个单线程执行程序,它可安排在给定延迟后运行命令或者定期地执行。
ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2,3,2,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,bqueue);
//创建实现了Runnable接口对象,Thread对象当然也实现了Runnable接口
Thread t1 = new MyThread();
Thread t2 = new MyThread();
Thread t3 = new MyThread();
Thread t4 = new MyThread();
Thread t5 = new MyThread();
Thread t6 = new MyThread();
Thread t7 = new MyThread();
//将线程放入池中进行执行
pool.execute(t1);
pool.execute(t2);
pool.execute(t3);
pool.execute(t4);
pool.execute(t5);
pool.execute(t6);
pool.execute(t7);
//关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
} class MyThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在执行...");
try {
Thread.sleep(100L);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结构如下:
创建自定义线程池的构造方法很多,本例中参数的含义如下:
ThreadPoolExecutor
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue)
- 用给定的初始参数和默认的线程工厂及处理程序创建新的 ThreadPoolExecutor。使用
Executors
工厂方法之一比使用此通用构造方法方便得多。- 参数:
-
corePoolSize
- 池中所保存的线程数,包括空闲线程。 -
maximumPoolSize
- 池中允许的最大线程数。 -
keepAliveTime
- 当线程数大于核心时,此为终止前多余的空闲线程等待新任务的最长时间。 -
unit
- keepAliveTime 参数的时间单位。 -
workQueue
- 执行前用于保持任务的队列。此队列仅保持由 execute 方法提交的 Runnable 任务。 - 抛出:
-
IllegalArgumentException
- 如果 corePoolSize 或 keepAliveTime 小于零,或者 maximumPoolSize 小于或等于零,或者 corePoolSize 大于 maximumPoolSize。 -
NullPointerException
- 如果 workQueue 为 null
二、有返回值的线程
下面是一个简单的例子:
package MultiThread;
import java.util.concurrent.*; /**
* Java线程:有返回值的线程
*
*
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//创建一个线程池
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
//创建两个有返回值的任务
Callable<String> c1 = new MyCallable("A");
Callable<String> c2 = new MyCallable("B");
//执行任务并获取Future对象
Future<String> f1 = pool.submit(c1);
Future<String> f2 = pool.submit(c2);
//从Future对象上获取任务的返回值,并输出到控制台
System.out.println(">>>"+f1.get().toString());
System.out.println(">>>"+f2.get().toString());
//关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
} class MyCallable implements Callable<String>{
private String oid; MyCallable(String oid) {
this.oid = oid;
} @Override
public String call() throws Exception {
return oid+"任务返回的内容";
}
}
运行结果:
>>>A任务返回的内容
>>>B任务返回的内容
比较简单,要深入了解还需要看Callable和Future接口的API啊。
三、并发库的锁
在Java5中,专门提供了锁对象,利用锁可以方便的实现资源的*,用来控制对竞争资源并发访问的控制,这些内容主要集中在java.util.concurrent.locks 包下面,里面有三个重要的接口Condition、Lock、ReadWriteLock。
接口摘要 | |
---|---|
Condition |
Condition 将 Object 监视器方法(wait 、notify 和 notifyAll )分解成截然不同的对象,以便通过将这些对象与任意 Lock 实现组合使用,为每个对象提供多个等待 set(wait-set)。 |
Lock |
Lock 实现提供了比使用 synchronized 方法和语句可获得的更广泛的锁定操作。 |
ReadWriteLock |
ReadWriteLock 维护了一对相关的锁 ,一个用于只读操作,另一个用于写入操作。 |
有关锁的介绍,API文档解说很多,看得很烦,还是看个例子再看文档比较容易理解
a、普通锁
package MultiThread;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; /**
* Java线程:锁
*
*
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建并发访问的账户
MyCount myCount = new MyCount("95599200901215522", 10000);
//创建一个锁对象
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
//创建一个线程池
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
//创建一些并发访问用户,一个信用卡,存的存,取的取,好热闹啊
UserThread ut1 = new UserThread("取款线程1", myCount, -4000, lock);
UserThread ut2 = new UserThread("存款线程1", myCount, 6000, lock);
UserThread ut3 = new UserThread("取款线程2", myCount, -8000, lock);
UserThread ut4 = new UserThread("存款线程2", myCount, 800, lock);
//在线程池中执行各个用户的操作
pool.execute(ut1);
pool.execute(ut2);
pool.execute(ut3);
pool.execute(ut4);
//关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
} /**
* 信用卡的用户 线程
* 多个用户线程操作该信用卡
*/
class UserThread implements Runnable {
private String threadName; //用户线程
private MyCount myCount; //所要操作的账户
private int iocash; //操作的金额,当然有正负之分了
private Lock myLock; //执行操作所需的锁对象 UserThread(String name, MyCount myCount, int iocash, Lock myLock) {
this.threadName = name;
this.myCount = myCount;
this.iocash = iocash;
this.myLock = myLock;
} public void run() {
//获取锁
myLock.lock();
//执行现金业务
System.out.println(threadName + "正在操作" + myCount + "账户,操作金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
myCount.setCash(myCount.getCash() + iocash);
System.out.println("\t操作成功,操作金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
//释放锁,否则别的线程没有机会执行了
myLock.unlock();
}
} /**
* 信用卡账户,可随意透支
*/
class MyCount {
private String oid; //账号
private int cash; //账户余额 MyCount(String oid, int cash) {
this.oid = oid;
this.cash = cash;
} public String getOid() {
return oid;
} public void setOid(String oid) {
this.oid = oid;
} public int getCash() {
return cash;
} public void setCash(int cash) {
this.cash = cash;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "MyCount{" +
"oid='" + oid + '\'' +
", cash=" + cash +
'}';
}
}
运行结果:
取款线程1正在操作MyCount{oid='', cash=}账户,操作金额为-,当前金额为10000
操作成功,操作金额为-,当前金额为6000
存款线程1正在操作MyCount{oid='', cash=}账户,操作金额为6000,当前金额为6000
操作成功,操作金额为6000,当前金额为12000
存款线程2正在操作MyCount{oid='', cash=}账户,操作金额为800,当前金额为12000
操作成功,操作金额为800,当前金额为12800
取款线程2正在操作MyCount{oid='', cash=}账户,操作金额为-,当前金额为12800
操作成功,操作金额为-,当前金额为4800
b、读写锁
package MultiThread;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock; /**
* Java线程:锁
*
*
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建并发访问的账户
MyCount myCount = new MyCount("95599200901215522", 10000);
//创建一个锁对象
ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
//创建一个线程池
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
//创建一些并发访问用户线程,一个信用卡,存的存,取的取,好热闹啊
UserThread ut1 = new UserThread("取款线程1", myCount, -4000, lock,false);
UserThread ut2 = new UserThread("存款线程1", myCount, 6000, lock,false);
UserThread ut3 = new UserThread("取款线程2", myCount, -8000, lock,false);
UserThread ut4 = new UserThread("存款线程2", myCount, 800, lock,false);
UserThread ut5 = new UserThread("查询", myCount, 0, lock,true);
//在线程池中执行各个用户的操作
pool.execute(ut1);
pool.execute(ut2);
pool.execute(ut3);
pool.execute(ut4);
pool.execute(ut5);
//关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
} /**
* 信用卡的用户 线程
* 多个用户线程操作该信用卡
*/
class UserThread implements Runnable {
private String threadName; //用户线程
private MyCount myCount; //所要操作的账户
private int iocash; //操作的金额,当然有正负之分了
private ReadWriteLock myLock; //执行操作所需的锁对象
private boolean ischeck; //是否查询 UserThread(String name, MyCount myCount, int iocash, ReadWriteLock myLock,boolean ischeck) {
this.threadName = name;
this.myCount = myCount;
this.iocash = iocash;
this.myLock = myLock;
this.ischeck=ischeck; } public void run() { if(ischeck){
//获取读锁
myLock.readLock().lock();
//执行查询
System.out.println("读:"+threadName + "正在查询" + myCount + "账户,,当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
//释放获取到的读锁
myLock.readLock().unlock();
}else{
//获取写锁
myLock.writeLock().lock(); myCount.setCash(myCount.getCash() + iocash);
System.out.println("写:"+threadName+"操作成功,操作金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
//释放锁获取到的写锁
myLock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
} /**
* 信用卡账户,可随意透支
*/
class MyCount {
private String oid; //账号
private int cash; //账户余额 MyCount(String oid, int cash) {
this.oid = oid;
this.cash = cash;
} public String getOid() {
return oid;
} public void setOid(String oid) {
this.oid = oid;
} public int getCash() {
return cash;
} public void setCash(int cash) {
this.cash = cash;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "MyCount{" +
"oid='" + oid + '\'' +
", cash=" + cash +
'}';
}
}
运行结果:
写:取款线程1操作成功,操作金额为-,当前金额为6000
写:取款线程2操作成功,操作金额为-,当前金额为-
写:存款线程1操作成功,操作金额为6000,当前金额为4000
读:查询正在查询MyCount{oid='', cash=}账户,,当前金额为4000
写:存款线程2操作成功,操作金额为800,当前金额为4800
在实际开发中,最好在能用读写锁的情况下使用读写锁,而不要用普通锁,以求更好的性能。
四、信号量
下面是一个简单的例子:
package MultiThread;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore; /**
* Java线程:信号量
*
*
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyPool myPool = new MyPool(20);
//创建线程池
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
MyThread t1 = new MyThread("任务A", myPool, 3);
MyThread t2 = new MyThread("任务B", myPool, 12);
MyThread t3 = new MyThread("任务C", myPool, 7);
//在线程池中执行任务
threadPool.execute(t1);
threadPool.execute(t2);
threadPool.execute(t3);
//关闭池
threadPool.shutdown();
}
} /**
* 一个池
*/
class MyPool {
private Semaphore sp; //池相关的信号量 /**
* 池的大小,这个大小会传递给信号量
*
* @param size 池的大小
*/
MyPool(int size) {
this.sp = new Semaphore(size);
} public Semaphore getSp() {
return sp;
} public void setSp(Semaphore sp) {
this.sp = sp;
}
} class MyThread extends Thread {
private String threadName; //线程的名称
private MyPool pool; //自定义池
private int x; //申请信号量的大小 MyThread(String threadName, MyPool pool, int x) {
this.threadName = threadName;
this.pool = pool;
this.x = x;
} public void run() {
try {
//从此信号量获取给定数目的许可
pool.getSp().acquire(x);
//todo:也许这里可以做更复杂的业务
System.out.println(threadName + "成功获取了" + x + "个许可!");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//释放给定数目的许可,将其返回到信号量。
pool.getSp().release(x);
System.out.println(threadName + "释放了" + x + "个许可!");
}
}
}
运行结果:
任务A成功获取了3个许可!
任务B成功获取了12个许可!
任务B释放了12个许可!
任务C成功获取了7个许可!
任务A释放了3个许可!
任务C释放了7个许可!
从结果可以看出,信号量仅仅是对池资源进行监控,但不保证线程的安全,因此,在使用时候,应该自己控制线程的安全访问池资源。
五、阻塞队列
package MultiThread;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue; /**
* Java线程:并发库-阻塞队列
*
*
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
BlockingQueue<Integer> bqueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<Integer>(20);
for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
//将指定元素添加到此队列中,如果没有可用空间,将一直等待(如果有必要)。
bqueue.put(i);
System.out.println("向阻塞队列中添加了元素:" + i);
}
System.out.println("程序到此运行结束,即将退出----");
}
}
运行结果:
六、阻塞栈
package MultiThread; import java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
class HelloWorldThread { /**
* Java线程:并发库-阻塞栈
*
*
*/ public static void main(String[] args) {
BlockingDeque<Integer> bstack=new LinkedBlockingDeque<Integer>(20) ; for(int i=0;i<30;i++){
//将指定元素添加到阻塞栈中,如果没有可用空间,将一直等待(如果有必要)。
bstack.push(i);
System.out.println("向阻塞栈中添加了元素:" + i);
if(bstack.size()==20){ System.out.println("队列满,弹出"+bstack.pop());
System.out.println("队列满,弹出"+bstack.pop());
System.out.println("队列满,弹出"+bstack.pop());
}
} System.out.println("程序到此运行结束,即将退出----");
} }
程序的运行结果和阻塞队列的运行结果一样,程序并没结束,二是阻塞住了,原因是栈已经满了,后面追加元素的操作都被阻塞了。
七、条件变量
package MultiThread;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; /**
* Java线程:条件变量
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-11-5 10:57:29
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建并发访问的账户
MyCount myCount = new MyCount("95599200901215522", 10000);
//创建一个线程池
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
Thread t1 = new SaveThread("张三", myCount, 2000);
Thread t2 = new SaveThread("李四", myCount, 3600);
Thread t3 = new DrawThread("王五", myCount, 2700);
Thread t4 = new SaveThread("老张", myCount, 600);
Thread t5 = new DrawThread("老牛", myCount, 1300);
Thread t6 = new DrawThread("胖子", myCount, 800);
//执行各个线程
pool.execute(t1);
pool.execute(t2);
pool.execute(t3);
pool.execute(t4);
pool.execute(t5);
pool.execute(t6);
//关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
} /**
* 存款线程类
*/
class SaveThread extends Thread {
private String name; //操作人
private MyCount myCount; //账户
private int x; //存款金额 SaveThread(String name, MyCount myCount, int x) {
this.name = name;
this.myCount = myCount;
this.x = x;
} public void run() {
myCount.saving(x, name);
}
} /**
* 取款线程类
*/
class DrawThread extends Thread {
private String name; //操作人
private MyCount myCount; //账户
private int x; //存款金额 DrawThread(String name, MyCount myCount, int x) {
this.name = name;
this.myCount = myCount;
this.x = x;
} public void run() {
myCount.drawing(x, name);
}
} /**
* 普通银行账户,不可透支
*/
class MyCount {
private String oid; //账号
private int cash; //账户余额
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); //账户锁
private Condition _save = lock.newCondition(); //存款条件
private Condition _draw = lock.newCondition(); //取款条件 MyCount(String oid, int cash) {
this.oid = oid;
this.cash = cash;
} /**
* 存款
*
* @param x 操作金额
* @param name 操作人
*/
public void saving(int x, String name) {
lock.lock(); //获取锁
if (x > 0) {
cash += x; //存款
System.out.println(name + "存款" + x + ",当前余额为" + cash);
}
_draw.signalAll(); //唤醒所有取款等待线程
lock.unlock(); //释放锁
} /**
* 取款
*
* @param x 操作金额
* @param name 操作人
*/
public void drawing(int x, String name) {
lock.lock(); //获取锁
try {
if (cash - x < 0) {
_draw.await(); //阻塞取款操作
} else {
cash -= x; //取款
System.out.println(name + "取款" + x + ",当前余额为" + cash);
}
_save.signalAll(); //唤醒所有存款操作线程
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock(); //释放锁
}
}
}
当然,除了使用并发库来实现存取款操作,我们也可以使用synchronized的方法、synchronized的代码块来实现。对比并发库、synchronized方法、synchronized代码块,第一种最灵活,第二种代码最简单,第三种容易犯错。
八、原子量
package MultiThread;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong; /**
* Java线程:新特征-原子量
*
*
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
Runnable t1 = new MyRunnable("张三", 2000);
Runnable t2 = new MyRunnable("李四", 3600);
Runnable t3 = new MyRunnable("王五", 2700);
Runnable t4 = new MyRunnable("老张", 600);
Runnable t5 = new MyRunnable("老牛", 1300);
Runnable t6 = new MyRunnable("胖子", 800);
//执行各个线程
pool.execute(t1);
pool.execute(t2);
pool.execute(t3);
pool.execute(t4);
pool.execute(t5);
pool.execute(t6);
//关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
} class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private static AtomicLong aLong = new AtomicLong(10000); //原子量,每个线程都可以*操作
private String name; //操作人
private int x; //操作数额 MyRunnable(String name, int x) {
this.name = name;
this.x = x;
} public void run() {
System.out.println(name + "执行了" + x + ",当前余额:" + aLong.addAndGet(x));
}
}
运行结果一:
李四执行了3600,当前余额:
张三执行了2000,当前余额:
老张执行了600,当前余额:
老牛执行了1300,当前余额:
胖子执行了800,当前余额:
王五执行了2700,当前余额:
运行结果二:
张三执行了2000,当前余额:
王五执行了2700,当前余额:
老张执行了600,当前余额:
老牛执行了1300,当前余额:
胖子执行了800,当前余额:
李四执行了3600,当前余额:
运行结果三:
张三执行了2000,当前余额:
王五执行了2700,当前余额:
老张执行了600,当前余额:
老牛执行了1300,当前余额:
胖子执行了800,当前余额:
李四执行了3600,当前余额:
package MultiThread;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; /**
* Java线程:并发库-原子量
*
*
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
Lock lock=new ReentrantLock();
Runnable t1 = new MyRunnable("张三", 2000,lock);
Runnable t2 = new MyRunnable("李四", 3600,lock);
Runnable t3 = new MyRunnable("王五", 2700,lock);
Runnable t4 = new MyRunnable("老张", 600,lock);
Runnable t5 = new MyRunnable("老牛", 1300,lock);
Runnable t6 = new MyRunnable("胖子", 800,lock);
//执行各个线程
pool.execute(t1);
pool.execute(t2);
pool.execute(t3);
pool.execute(t4);
pool.execute(t5);
pool.execute(t6);
//关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
} class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private static AtomicLong aLong = new AtomicLong(10000); //原子量,每个线程都可以*操作
private String name; //操作人
private int x; //操作数额
private Lock lock; MyRunnable(String name, int x,Lock lock) {
this.name = name;
this.x = x;
this.lock=lock;
} public void run() {
lock.lock();
System.out.println(name + "执行了" + x + ",当前余额:" + aLong.addAndGet(x));
lock.unlock();
}
}
运行结果:
张三执行了2000,当前余额:12000
李四执行了3600,当前余额:15600
王五执行了2700,当前余额:18300
老张执行了600,当前余额:18900
老牛执行了1300,当前余额:20200
胖子执行了800,当前余额:21000
九、障碍器
Java5中,添加了障碍器类,为了适应一种新的设计需求,比如一个大型的任务,常常需要分配好多子任务去执行,只有当所有子任务都执行完成时候,才能执行主任务,这时候,就可以选择障碍器了。障碍器是多线程并发控制的一种手段,用法很简单。
下面给个例子:
package MultiThread;
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier; /**
* Java线程:新特征-障碍器
*
*
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建障碍器,并设置MainTask为所有定数量的线程都达到障碍点时候所要执行的任务(Runnable)
CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(7, new MainTask());
new SubTask("A", cb).start();
new SubTask("B", cb).start();
new SubTask("C", cb).start();
new SubTask("D", cb).start();
new SubTask("E", cb).start();
new SubTask("F", cb).start();
new SubTask("G", cb).start();
}
} /**
* 主任务
*/
class MainTask implements Runnable {
public void run() {
System.out.println(">>>>主任务执行了!<<<<");
}
} /**
* 子任务
*/
class SubTask extends Thread {
private String name;
private CyclicBarrier cb; SubTask(String name, CyclicBarrier cb) {
this.name = name;
this.cb = cb;
} public void run() {
System.out.println("[子任务" + name + "]开始执行了!");
for (int i = 0; i < 999999; i++) ; //模拟耗时的任务
System.out.println("[子任务" + name + "]开始执行完成了,并通知障碍器已经完成!");
try {
//通知障碍器已经完成,让出锁(并使得,跳跃的障碍数目-1)
cb.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果:
[子任务B]开始执行了!
[子任务E]开始执行了!
[子任务C]开始执行了!
[子任务D]开始执行了!
[子任务A]开始执行了!
[子任务E]开始执行完成了,并通知障碍器已经完成!
[子任务B]开始执行完成了,并通知障碍器已经完成!
[子任务A]开始执行完成了,并通知障碍器已经完成!
[子任务C]开始执行完成了,并通知障碍器已经完成!
[子任务D]开始执行完成了,并通知障碍器已经完成!
[子任务F]开始执行了!
[子任务F]开始执行完成了,并通知障碍器已经完成!
[子任务G]开始执行了!
[子任务G]开始执行完成了,并通知障碍器已经完成!
>>>>主任务执行了!<<<<
从执行结果可以看出,所有子任务完成的时候,主任务执行了,达到了控制的目标