简单写一个类做示例:
package bean; public class User {
private String name;
private Integer age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
Bean元素:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd "> <!-- 将User对象交给spring容器管理 -->
<!-- Bean元素:使用该元素描述需要spring容器管理的对象
class属性:被管理对象的完整类名.
name属性:给被管理的对象起个名字.获得对象时根据该名称获得对象.
可以重复.可以使用特殊字符.
id属性: 与name属性一模一样.
名称不可重复.不能使用特殊字符.
结论: 尽量使用name属性.
-->
<bean name="user" class="bean.User" ></bean>
<!-- 导入其他spring配置文件 -->
<import resource="package/applicationContext.xml"/> </beans>
对象创建的三种方式:
1.空参构造创建(推荐):
<bean name="user" class="bean.User" ></bean>
2.静态工厂方式创建:
package create; import bean.User; public class UserFactory { public static User createUser(){ System.out.println("静态工厂创建User"); return new User(); }
}
<!-- 创建方式2:静态工厂创建
调用UserFactory的createUser方法创建名为user2的对象.放入容器
-->
<bean name="user2"
class="create.UserFactory"
factory-method="createUser" >
</bean>
3.实例工厂方式创建:
package create; import bean.User; public class UserFactory { public User createUser2(){ System.out.println("实例工厂创建User"); return new User(); } }
<!-- 创建方式3:实例工厂创建
调用UserFactory对象的createUser2方法创建名为user3的对象.放入容器
-->
<bean name="user3"
factory-bean="userFactory"
factory-method="createUser2" ></bean> <bean name="userFactory"
class="create.UserFactory" ></bean>
Bean元素的Scope属性:
scope:singleton 单例(默认):被标识为单例的对象在Spring容器中只会创建一个实例
scope:prototype 多例:被标识为多例的每次创建都会是一个新的对象
验证单例和多例:
@Test
//scope:singleton 单例
//scope:prototype 多例
public void fun4(){
//1 创建容器对象
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("create/applicationContext.xml");
//2 向容器"要"user对象
User u1 = (User) ac.getBean("user");
User u2 = (User) ac.getBean("user");
User u3 = (User) ac.getBean("user");
User u4 = (User) ac.getBean("user"); System.out.println(u2==u4);//单例:true
//多例:false
//3 打印user对象
System.out.println(u);
}
使用场景:基本都是使用默认单例
但是,整合Struts2框架的时候,Action要配成多例,因为Struts2框架每次请求都会创建一个新的Action对象
生命周期属性(初始化,销毁):
添加方法:
package bean; public class User { private String name;
private Integer age; public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
} public void init(){
System.out.println("初始化方法!");
}
public void destory(){
System.out.println("销毁方法!");
} }
配置文件:
<bean name="user" class="bean.User"
init-method="init" destroy-method="destory" ></bean>
测试:
@Test
//测试生命周期方法
public void fun5(){
//1 创建容器对象
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("create/applicationContext.xml");
//2 向容器"要"user对象
User u = (User) ac.getBean("user");
//3 打印user对象
System.out.println(u);
//关闭容器,触发销毁方法
ac.close();
}
Spring属性注入:
1.set方法注入(推荐):
再创建一个实体类做示例:
package bean; public class Car {
private String name;
private String color; public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + "]";
} }
修改User类:
package bean; public class User { private String name;
private Integer age;
private Car car; public Car getCar() {
return car;
}
public void setCar(Car car) {
this.car = car;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
} public void init(){
System.out.println("我是初始化方法!");
}
public void destory(){
System.out.println("我是销毁方法!");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
} }
配置文件:
<!-- set方式注入: -->
<bean name="user" class="bean.User">
<!--值类型注入: 为User对象中名为name的属性注入tom作为值 -->
<property name="name" value="tom"></property>
<property name="age" value="18"></property>
<!-- 引用类型注入: 为car属性注入下方配置的car对象 -->
<property name="car" ref="car"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 将car对象配置到容器中 -->
<bean name="car" class="bean.Car">
<property name="name" value="兰博基尼"></property>
<property name="color" value="黄色"></property>
</bean>
测试:
@Test
public void fun1(){
//1 创建容器对象
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("injection/applicationContext.xml");
//2 向容器"要"user对象
User u = (User) ac.getBean("user");
//3 打印user对象
System.out.println(u);
}
构造函数注入:
给User加上构造方法:
package bean; public class User { private String name;
private Integer age;
private Car car; public User(String name, Car car) {
System.out.println("User(String name, Car car)!!");
this.name = name;
this.car = car;
} public User(Car car,String name) {
System.out.println("User(Car car,String name)!!");
this.name = name;
this.car = car;
} public User(Integer name, Car car) {
System.out.println("User(Integer name, Car car)!!");
this.name = name+"";
this.car = car;
} public Car getCar() {
return car;
}
public void setCar(Car car) {
this.car = car;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
} public void init(){
System.out.println("我是初始化方法!");
}
public void destory(){
System.out.println("我是销毁方法!");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
} }
配置文件:
<bean name="user2" class="bean.User">
<!-- name属性: 构造函数的参数名 -->
<!-- index属性: 构造函数的参数索引 -->
<!-- type属性: 构造函数的参数类型 -->
<constructor-arg name="name" index="0" type="java.lang.Integer" value="66"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="car" ref="car" index="1"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
复杂类型注入:
package injection; import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties; public class CollectionBean {
private Object[] arr;//数组类型注入
private List list;//list/set 类型注入
private Map map;//map类型注入
private Properties prop;//properties类型注入 public Object[] getArr() {
return arr;
}
public void setArr(Object[] arr) {
this.arr = arr;
}
public List getList() {
return list;
}
public void setList(List list) {
this.list = list;
}
public Map getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map map) {
this.map = map;
}
public Properties getProp() {
return prop;
}
public void setProp(Properties prop) {
this.prop = prop;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "CollectionBean [arr=" + Arrays.toString(arr) + ", list=" + list + ", map=" + map + ", prop=" + prop
+ "]";
} }
配置文化:
<!-- 复杂类型注入 -->
<bean name="cb" class="injection.CollectionBean">
<!-- 如果数组中只准备注入一个值(对象),直接使用value|ref即可 <property name="arr" value="tom"></property> -->
<!-- array注入,多个元素注入 -->
<property name="arr">
<array>
<value>tom</value>
<value>jerry</value>
<ref bean="user" />
</array>
</property> <property name="list">
<list>
<value>jack</value>
<value>rose</value>
<ref bean="user" />
</list>
</property>
<!-- map类型注入 -->
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///mybase"></entry>
<entry key="user" value-ref="root"></entry>
<entry key-ref="user" value-ref="user1"></entry>
</map>
</property>
<!-- prperties 类型注入 -->
<property name="prop">
<props>
<prop key="driverClass">com.jdbc.mysql.Driver</prop>
<prop key="userName">root</prop>
<prop key="password">1234</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>