rman target / log=/orasoft/backup/${DATE}backup1.log <<EOF
run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
backup database format '/orasoft/backup/db_%T%U.bak';
backup current controlfile format '/orasoft/backup/ctl_%T_%U';
backup spfile format '/orasoft/backup/spfile_%T_%U';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
}
EOF

#####实验1

#创建测试数据
create table test1a(id int) tablespace users;
insert into test1a values (1);
select * from test1a;
commit;

#开始备份
alter tablespace users begin backup;
cp users01.dbf -t ~/backup/
alter tablespace users end backup;

#模拟物理损坏
rm users01.dbf

#清内存（这条语句不太好使）
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
alter system checkpoint；

#恢复备份文件
cp ~/backup/users01.dbf -t ./

#恢复
alter tablespace users offline immediate;
recover tablespace users;
alter tablespace users online;

#恢复完成

select * from test1a;

#####实验2

#备份
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
上面命令的备份文件放到了如下路径：
/home/zhang/app/zhang/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

#恢复
[zhang@pi zhang]$ rman target /
sql "alter tablespace users offline immediate";
RMAN> restore tablespace users;//现在数据库还不能用，但是表空间的文件已经恢复了
RMAN> recover tablespace users;
RMAN> sql "alter tablespace users online";

#恢复完成

#####实验3

#备份就是手工copy dbf文件的方式备份（同实验1）

#恢复
SQL> alter tablespace users offline immediate;
SQL> recover tablespace users;   
SQL> alter tablespace users online;