Information Schema GLOBAL_VARIABLES and SESSION_VARIABLES Tables

The Information Schema GLOBAL_VARIABLES and SESSION_VARIABLES tables stores a record of all system variables and their global and session values respectively. This is the same information as displayed by the SHOW VARIABLES commands SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES and SHOW SESSION VARIABLES.

It contains the following columns:

Column	Description
VARIABLE_NAME	System variable name.
VARIABLE_VALUE	Global or session value.

Example

SELECT * FROM information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES ORDER BY VARIABLE_NAME\G
*************************** 1. row *****************************
 VARIABLE_NAME: ARIA_BLOCK_SIZE
VARIABLE_VALUE: 8192
*************************** 2. row *****************************
 VARIABLE_NAME: ARIA_CHECKPOINT_LOG_ACTIVITY
VARIABLE_VALUE: 1048576
*************************** 3. row *****************************
 VARIABLE_NAME: ARIA_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL
VARIABLE_VALUE: 30
...
*************************** 455. row ***************************
 VARIABLE_NAME: VERSION_COMPILE_MACHINE
VARIABLE_VALUE: x86_64
*************************** 456. row ***************************
 VARIABLE_NAME: VERSION_COMPILE_OS
VARIABLE_VALUE: debian-linux-gnu
*************************** 457. row ***************************
 VARIABLE_NAME: WAIT_TIMEOUT
VARIABLE_VALUE: 600

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原文参见：https://mariadb.com/kb/en/information-schema-global_variables-and-session_variables-tables/