import java.awt.EventQueue;

import java.awt.event.ComponentAdapter;

import java.awt.event.ComponentEvent;

import javax.swing.JFrame;

import javax.swing.JLabel;

import javax.swing.JButton;

import javax.swing.JTextField;

public class Test {

    private JFrame frame;

    private JTextField textField;

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {

            public void run() {

                try {

                    Test window = new Test();

                    window.frame.setVisible(true);

                } catch (Exception e) {

                    e.printStackTrace();

                }

            }

        });

    }

    public Test() {

        initialize();

    }

    private void initialize() {

        frame = new JFrame();

        frame.setBounds(100, 100, 450, 300);

        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        frame.getContentPane().setLayout(null);//清空布局

        JLabel label = new JLabel("标签");

        label.setBounds(81, 63, 61, 16);

        frame.getContentPane().add(label);

        JButton button = new JButton("按钮");

        button.setBounds(252, 58, 117, 29);

        frame.getContentPane().add(button);

        textField = new JTextField();

        textField.setText("文本框");

        textField.setBounds(81, 110, 288, 26);

        frame.getContentPane().add(textField);

        textField.setColumns(10);

        frame.addComponentListener(new ComponentAdapter() {//拖动窗口监听

            public void componentResized(ComponentEvent e) {

                int whidth=frame.getWidth();//获取窗口宽度

                int height=frame.getHeight();//获取窗口高度  你也可以设置高度居中

                //将lable放在 窗口左边的1/3处

                label.setBounds(whidth/3, 63, 61, 16);//(起始点x，起始点y，宽地w，高h)  标签设置宽高不明显

                //将lable放在 窗口左边的1/2处

                button.setBounds(whidth/2, 63, 61, 16);//(起始点x，起始点y，宽地w，高h)

                //宽度始终是窗口的1/2

                textField.setBounds(81, 110, whidth/2, 26);//(起始点x，起始点y，宽地w，高h)

            }  

        }); 

    }

}