NSURLSession与AFNetworking3.0

下面是用GET方式请求一个页面数据的示例:

AFNetworking 2.x

NSString *siteUrl = @"http://webinar.ofweek.com/readDemoFile.action";
NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"activity.id":@"",@"user.id":@""}; AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObject:@"text/html"];
// manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes setByAddingObject:@"text/html; charset=GBK"]; [manager GET:siteUrl parameters:parameters
success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation * _Nonnull operation, id _Nonnull responseObject) {
NSLog(@"responseString:%@",operation.responseString); NSData *responseData = operation.responseData;
NSStringEncoding enc = CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding(kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000);
NSString *strResponseData = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:responseData encoding:enc];
NSLog(@"responseData:%@",strResponseData); NSLog(@"responseObject:%@",responseObject);
}
failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation * _Nonnull operation, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSLog(@"failed,%@",error);
}
];

Code

AFNetworking 3.x

NSString *siteUrl = @"https://www.shopbop.com/actions/viewSearchResultsAction.action";
NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"query":@"bag",@"baseIndex":@""}; AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager]; manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer]; [manager GET:siteUrl parameters:parameters
success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"success,%@",task.response.MIMEType); NSString *responseString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:responseObject encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"%@", responseString);
}
failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSLog(@"failed");
}
];

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iOS9中引入了新特性App Transport Security (ATS),该特性要求App内访问网站必须使用HTTPS协议。下面的方法简单的关闭了这个限制:

1. 在Info.plist中添加新项NSAppTransportSecurity,类型为Dictionary。

2. 在NSAppTransportSecurity下添加子项NSAllowsArbitraryLoads,类型为Boolean,值设为YES。

<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
<true/>
</dict>

NSURLSession与AFNetworking3.0

NSURLSession

NSURLSession是iOS7新推出的网络接口,它与以前的NSURLConnection是并列的。如果用户强制关闭应用,NSURLSesssion会断掉。它支持三种类型的任务:加载数据,下载和上传。

利用NSURLSession进行数据传输需要以下流程:

创建一个NSURLSessionConfiguration,用于接下来创建NSSession时需要的工作模式

NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];

工作模式分为:

默认会话模式(default) — 工作模式类似于原来的NSURLConnection,使用的是基于磁盘缓存的持久化策略,使用用户keychain中保存的证书进行认证授权。

瞬时会话模式(ephemeral) — 该模式不适用磁盘保存任何数据。所有和会话相关的caches,证书,cookies等都被保存在RAM中,因此当程序使会话无效,这些缓存的数据就会被自动清空。

后台会话模式(background) — 该模式在后台完成上传和下载,在创建configuration对象的时候需要提供一个NSString类型的ID用于标识完成工作的后台会话。

NSURLConnection实际上是由一系列组件组成,包括有:NSURLRequest、NSURLResponse、NSURLProtocol、NSURLCache、NSHTTPCookieStorage、NSURLCredentialStorage以及同名的NSURLConnection。

在WWDC2013中,Apple的开发团队对NSURLConnection进行了重构,并推出了NSURLSession作为替代。NSURLSession的大部分组件与NSURLConnection中的组件相同,不同在处在于它将NSURLConnection替换为NSURLSession和NSURLSessionConfiguration,以及三个NSURLSessionTask的子类:NSURLSessionDataTask、NSURLSessionUploadTask和NSURLSessionDownloadTask。

下面是NSURLSession新推出的类:

NSURLSessionConfiguration类

可以通过该类配置会话的工作模式,三种模式的代码如下:

+ (NSURLSessionConfiguration *)defaultSessionConfiguration;
+ (NSURLSessionConfiguration *)ephemeralSessionConfiguration;
+ (NSURLSessionConfiguration *)backgroundSessionConfiguration:(NSString *)identifier;

在backgroundSessionConfiguration:方法中的identifier参数指定了会话ID,用于标记后台的session。

该类还有两个重要的属性:

/* allow request to route over cellular. */
@property BOOL allowsCellularAccess; /* allows background tasks to be scheduled at the discretion of the system for optimal performance. */
@property (getter=isDiscretionary) BOOL discretionary NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 7_0);

allowsCellularAccess属性指定是否允许使用蜂窝连接,discretionary属性为YES时表示当程序在后台运作时由系统自己选择最佳的网络连接配置,在使用后台传输数据的时候,建议使用discretionary属性而不是allowsCellularAccess属性,因为discretionary属性会综合考虑WiFi可用性和电池电量。(当设备有足够电量时,设备才通过WiFi进行数据传输。如果电量低,或者只打开了蜂窝连接,传输任务将不会执行)

NSURLSession类

获取该类的实例有下面几种方式:

/*
* The shared session uses the currently set global NSURLCache,
* NSHTTPCookieStorage and NSURLCredentialStorage objects.
*/
+ (NSURLSession *)sharedSession; /*
* Customization of NSURLSession occurs during creation of a new session.
* If you only need to use the convenience routines with custom
* configuration options it is not necessary to specify a delegate.
* If you do specify a delegate, the delegate will be retained until after
* the delegate has been sent the URLSession:didBecomeInvalidWithError: message.
*/
+ (NSURLSession *)sessionWithConfiguration:(NSURLSessionConfiguration *)configuration;
+ (NSURLSession *)sessionWithConfiguration:(NSURLSessionConfiguration *)configuration delegate:(id <NSURLSessionDelegate>)delegate delegateQueue:(NSOperationQueue *)queue;

第一种方式是使用静态的sharedSession方法,将返回共享的会话,该会话使用全局的Cache、Cookie和证书。

第二种方式是通过sessionWithConfiguration:方法根据NSURLSessionConfiguration的值创建对应工作模式下的会话。

第三种方式是通过sessionWithConfiguration:delegate:delegateQueue方法创建对象,在第二种方式的基础上增加了session的委托和委托所处的队列。当不再需要连接时,可以调用NSURLSession的invalidateAndCancel方法直接关闭,或者调用finishTasksAndInvalidate等待当前Task结束后关闭。这两种关闭方法都会触发delegate类的URLSession:didBecomeInvalidWithError:事件。

NSURLSessionTask类

这是一个抽象类,它包含三个子类:NSURLSessionDataTask,NSURLSessionUploadTask和NSURLSessionDownloadTask。这三个类封装了获取数据,上传和下载任务。下面是继承关系图:

NSURLSession与AFNetworking3.0

(1)NSURLSessionDataTask

利用NSURLRequest对象或NSURL对象来创建该类的实例:

/* Creates a data task with the given request.  The request may have a body stream. */
- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request; /* Creates a data task to retrieve the contents of the given URL. */
- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithURL:(NSURL *)url;

利用NSURLRequest对象或NSURL对象来创建该类的实例,当任务完成后,通过completionHandler指定回调的代码块:

/*
* data task convenience methods. These methods create tasks that
* bypass the normal delegate calls for response and data delivery,
* and provide a simple cancelable asynchronous interface to receiving
* data. Errors will be returned in the NSURLErrorDomain,
* see <Foundation/NSURLError.h>. The delegate, if any, will still be
* called for authentication challenges.
*/
- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request completionHandler:(void (^)(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error))completionHandler;
- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithURL:(NSURL *)url completionHandler:(void (^)(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error))completionHandler;

读取数据示例:

#import "ViewController.h"

@interface ViewController ()
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIActivityIndicatorView *progressCircle;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIWebView *webView;
- (IBAction)loadButtonClicked:(id)sender; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
} - (IBAction)loadButtonClicked:(id)sender {
// 开始加载数据,开始转动
[self.progressCircle startAnimating]; NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://tech.qq.com/it.htm"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request
completionHandler:
^(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) {
//打印出返回的状态码,请求成功返回200
NSHTTPURLResponse *httpResponse = (NSHTTPURLResponse *)response;
NSInteger responseStatusCode = [httpResponse statusCode];
NSLog(@"%ld", (long)responseStatusCode); //打印出返回的代码
NSStringEncoding enc = CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding(kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000);
NSString *strResponseData = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:enc];
NSLog(@"ResponseData String:%@",strResponseData); // 在UIWebView中加载数据
[self.webView loadData:data
MIMEType:@"text/html"
textEncodingName :@"utf-8"
baseURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://tech.qq.com"]]; //加载数据完毕,停止转动
if ([NSThread isMainThread])
{
[self.progressCircle stopAnimating];
}
else
{
dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[self.progressCircle stopAnimating];
});
}
}];
//使用resume方法启动任务
[dataTask resume];
}
@end

Code

(2)NSURLSessionUploadTask

利用NSURLRequest对象创建该类的实例,在上传时指定文件源或数据源

/* Creates an upload task with the given request.  The body of the request will be created from the file referenced by fileURL */
- (NSURLSessionUploadTask *)uploadTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request fromFile:(NSURL *)fileURL; /* Creates an upload task with the given request. The body of the request is provided from the bodyData. */
- (NSURLSessionUploadTask *)uploadTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request fromData:(NSData *)bodyData; /* Creates an upload task with the given request. The previously set body stream of the request (if any) is ignored and the URLSession:task:needNewBodyStream: delegate will be called when the body payload is required. */
- (NSURLSessionUploadTask *)uploadTaskWithStreamedRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request;

同上,当任务完成后,通过completionHandler指定回调的代码块:

/*
* upload convenience method.
*/
- (NSURLSessionUploadTask *)uploadTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request fromFile:(NSURL *)fileURL completionHandler:(void (^)(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error))completionHandler;
- (NSURLSessionUploadTask *)uploadTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request fromData:(NSData *)bodyData completionHandler:(void (^)(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error))completionHandler;

上传示例:

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface ViewController : UIViewController <NSURLSessionDataDelegate>
@end #import "ViewController.h" @interface ViewController ()
@end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. } - (IBAction)testClicked:(id)sender {
NSURL *uploadURL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.synchemical.com/temp/UploadImage4.ashx?param2=iphone6"];
NSString *boundary = @"----------V2ymHFg03ehbqgZCaKO6jy"; NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:configuration delegate:self delegateQueue:nil]; NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:];
NSString *uploadFilePath = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"ad6.png"];
NSLog(@"file path: %@",uploadFilePath);
NSString *fileName = [uploadFilePath lastPathComponent]; NSMutableData *mutableData = [NSMutableData data];
NSData *fileData = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:uploadFilePath];
// NSData *dataOfFile = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(self.imageView.image,1.0); if (fileData) {
//Body part for "textContent" parameter. This is a string.
NSString *textContent = @"This is a parameter string";
[mutableData appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"--%@\r\n", boundary] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
[mutableData appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%@\"\r\n\r\n", @"textContent"] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
[mutableData appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\r\n", textContent] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
//end [mutableData appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"--%@\r\n", boundary] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
[mutableData appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Content-Disposition:form-data; name=\"myfile\"; filename=\"%@\"\r\n",fileName] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
[mutableData appendData:[@"Content-Type:application/zip\r\n\r\n" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
[mutableData appendData:fileData];
[mutableData appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"\r\n"] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
[mutableData appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"--%@--\r\n", boundary] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
} NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:uploadURL];
[request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
NSString *contentType = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"multipart/form-data; boundary=%@",boundary];
[request setValue:contentType forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]; NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask = [session uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromData:mutableData completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
NSString *message = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"message:%@", message); [session invalidateAndCancel]; //当不再需要连接时,可以调用Session的invalidateAndCancel直接关闭
}]; [uploadTask resume];
} - (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task didSendBodyData:(int64_t)bytesSent totalBytesSent:(int64_t)totalBytesSent totalBytesExpectedToSend:(int64_t)totalBytesExpectedToSend {
NSLog(@"already sent:%lld",bytesSent);
NSLog(@"totoal to send:%lld",totalBytesSent);
NSLog(@"expected send:%lld",totalBytesExpectedToSend);
} - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
} @end <%@ WebHandler Language="C#" Class="UploadImage" %>
using System;
using System.Web;
using System.IO;
public class UploadImage : IHttpHandler
{
public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) {
HttpPostedFile myFile = context.Request.Files["myfile"];
string strFolder = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(context.Request["folder"]);
myFile.SaveAs(strFolder +"/uploadFolder/" + myFile.FileName);
if (!Directory.Exists(strFolder))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(strFolder);
} context.Response.Write("param: "+context.Request["textContent"]);
} public bool IsReusable {
get {
return false;
}
}
}

Code

(3)NSURLSessionDownloadTask

利用NSURLRequest对象或NSURL对象来创建该类的实例:

/* Creates a download task with the given request. */
- (NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request; /* Creates a download task to download the contents of the given URL. */
- (NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTaskWithURL:(NSURL *)url; /* Creates a download task with the resume data. If the download cannot be successfully resumed, URLSession:task:didCompleteWithError: will be called. */
- (NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTaskWithResumeData:(NSData *)resumeData;

利用NSURLRequest对象或NSURL对象来创建该类的实例,当任务完成后,通过completionHandler指定回调的代码块,最后一个方法支持通过之前未下载完成的数据继续下载

/*
* download task convenience methods. When a download successfully
* completes, the NSURL will point to a file that must be read or
* copied during the invocation of the completion routine. The file
* will be removed automatically.
*/
- (NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURL *location, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error))completionHandler;
- (NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTaskWithURL:(NSURL *)url completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURL *location, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error))completionHandler;
- (NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTaskWithResumeData:(NSData *)resumeData completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURL *location, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error))completionHandler;

下载示例:

#import "ViewController.h"

@interface ViewController () <NSURLSessionDelegate> {
NSData *partialData;
}
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadTask;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSURLSession *session;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIActivityIndicatorView *progressCircle;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIWebView *webView;
- (IBAction)downloadButtonClicked:(id)sender; @end @implementation ViewController
- (IBAction)downloadButtonClicked:(id)sender {
[self.progressCircle startAnimating]; NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.synchemical.com/temp/2800kb.jpg"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];
NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
self.session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:configuration delegate:self delegateQueue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue]]; self.downloadTask = [self.session downloadTaskWithRequest:request];
[self.downloadTask resume];
} - (IBAction)resumeButtonClicked:(id)sender {
// 传入上次暂停下载返回的数据,就可以恢复下载
self.downloadTask = [self.session downloadTaskWithResumeData:partialData]; // 开始任务
[self.downloadTask resume]; // 清空
partialData = nil;
} - (IBAction)pauseButtonClicked:(id)sender {
[self.downloadTask cancelByProducingResumeData:^(NSData *resumeData) {
partialData = resumeData;
self.downloadTask = nil;
}];
} - (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask didWriteData:(int64_t)bytesWritten totalBytesWritten:(int64_t)totalBytesWritten totalBytesExpectedToWrite:(int64_t)totalBytesExpectedToWrite {
NSLog(@"=========下载进度=========");
// 获得下载进度
NSLog(@"totalBytesWritten:%lld",totalBytesWritten);
NSLog(@"totalBytesExpectedToWrite:%lld",totalBytesExpectedToWrite);
NSLog(@"download percent:%f",(double)totalBytesWritten / totalBytesExpectedToWrite);
} - (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask didFinishDownloadingToURL:(NSURL *)location {
NSLog(@"finish download");
//打印出返回的状态码,请求成功返回200
NSHTTPURLResponse *httpResponse = (NSHTTPURLResponse *)downloadTask.response;
NSInteger responseStatusCode = [httpResponse statusCode];
NSLog(@"hxw: %ld", (long)responseStatusCode); //输出下载文件原来的存放目录
NSLog(@"file tmp path: %@", location);
//设置文件的存放目录
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *documentsPath = [paths objectAtIndex:];
NSURL *documentsURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:documentsPath];
NSString *filePath = [[downloadTask.response URL] lastPathComponent];
NSURL *fileURL = [documentsURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:filePath];
NSLog(@"file save path:%@",fileURL.path);
//如果路径下文件已经存在,先将其删除
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
BOOL isDir;
if ([fileManager fileExistsAtPath:fileURL.path isDirectory:&isDir]) {
NSLog(@"存在文件");
if (isDir) {
NSLog(@"它是个目录");
}
else {
NSLog(@"它是个普通文件");
}
[fileManager removeItemAtURL:fileURL error:nil];
}
//移动文件
BOOL success = [fileManager moveItemAtURL:location toURL:fileURL error:nil];
if (success)
{
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
//UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:[fileURL path]];
//self.imageView.image = image;
//self.imageView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFill;
//在webView中加载图片文件
NSURLRequest *showImage_request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:fileURL];
[self.webView loadRequest:showImage_request]; //下载完毕,停止转动
if ([NSThread isMainThread]) {
[self.progressCircle stopAnimating];
}
else {
dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[self.progressCircle stopAnimating];
});
}
});
}
else
{
NSLog(@"Couldn't copy the downloaded file");
}
} - (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
} - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
@end

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