Android广播有两个很重要的要素:
1 广播 - 用于发送广播
有序广播 - 被广播接收器接收后,可被终止,无法往下继续传达。 典型代表:短信广播
普通广播 - 发送至每一个已经注册(订阅)的广播接收器,无法被终止。 典型代表:开机启动广播
2 广播接收器 - 用于订阅广播后接收广播
静态注册广播 - 在AndroidManifest.xml中设置,程序不用启动亦可接收。 典型代表:很多开机启动的APP,都是接收开机启动广播带起服务的。
动态注册广播 - 代码中注册广播,程序未启动时,无法接收广播。 典型代表:Go短信,将Go短信强行停止,Go短信无法接收短信。
广播注册过程和接收广播顺序过程
静态广播接收器 由PackageManagerService负责,当手机启动时(或者新安装了应用),PackageManagerService负责扫描手机中所有已安装的APP应用(题外话,确定不再使用的APP需要卸载了),将AndroidManifest.xml中 有关注册广播的信息 解析出来,存储至一个全局静态变量当中mReceivers。
需要注意的是:
1 PackageManagerService扫描目录的顺序如下:
system/framework
system/app
vendor/app
data/app
drm/app-private
2 当处于同一目录下时:按照file.list()的返回顺序。(题外话:因为在data/app下的应用都是用户安装的,并且都是以com.xxx.xxx-1.apk 的形式出现,所以如果打算做手机管家之类的应用,需要好好的研究下包名,争取在file.list()的独木桥下抢的头筹---优先接收开机启动完成的广播。)
3 在此处并未对 接收顺序做完整的排序。(注意修饰词完整的,毕竟先扫描的当然会有一定优先级)
动态广播接收器 由ActivityManagerService负责,当APP的服务或者进程起来之后,执行了注册广播接收的代码逻辑,即进行加载,最后会存储在一个全局静态变量
mReceiverResolver中。
需要注意的是:
1 这个并非是一成不变的,当程序被杀死之后, 已注册的动态广播接收器也会被移出mReceiverResolver,直到下次程序启动,再进行动态广播的注册,当然这里面的顺序也已经变更了一次。
2 这里也并没完整的进行广播的排序,只记录的注册的先后顺序,并未有结合优先级的处理。
当有广播发出时,接收顺序如下:
为什么普通的动态广播一定在静态广播之前接收到
广播注册registerReceiverContextImpl.java会调用到AMS.registerReceiver
public Intent registerReceiver(IApplicationThread caller, String callerPackage, IIntentReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter, String permission, int userId) { ArrayList<Intent> stickyIntents = null; ProcessRecord callerApp = null; ... synchronized(this) { if (caller != null) { //从mLruProcesses查询调用者的进程信息 callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller); ... callingUid = callerApp.info.uid; callingPid = callerApp.pid; } else { callerPackage = null; callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid(); callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid(); } userId = handleIncomingUser(callingPid, callingUid, userId, true, ALLOW_FULL_ONLY, "registerReceiver", callerPackage); //获取IntentFilter中的actions. 这就是平时所加需要监听的广播action Iterator<String> actions = filter.actionsIterator(); if (actions == null) { ArrayList<String> noAction = new ArrayList<String>(1); noAction.add(null); actions = noAction.iterator(); } int[] userIds = { UserHandle.USER_ALL, UserHandle.getUserId(callingUid) }; while (actions.hasNext()) { String action = actions.next(); for (int id : userIds) { //从mStickyBroadcasts中查看用户的sticky Intent ArrayMap<String, ArrayList<Intent>> stickies = mStickyBroadcasts.get(id); if (stickies != null) { ArrayList<Intent> intents = stickies.get(action); if (intents != null) { if (stickyIntents == null) { stickyIntents = new ArrayList<Intent>(); } //将sticky Intent加入到队列 stickyIntents.addAll(intents); } } } } } ArrayList<Intent> allSticky = null; if (stickyIntents != null) { final ContentResolver resolver = mContext.getContentResolver(); for (int i = 0, N = stickyIntents.size(); i < N; i++) { Intent intent = stickyIntents.get(i); //查询匹配的sticky广播 【见2.5.2】 if (filter.match(resolver, intent, true, TAG) >= 0) { if (allSticky == null) { allSticky = new ArrayList<Intent>(); } //匹配成功,则将给intent添加到allSticky队列 allSticky.add(intent); } } } //当IIntentReceiver为空,则直接返回第一个sticky Intent, Intent sticky = allSticky != null ? allSticky.get(0) : null; if (receiver == null) { return sticky; } synchronized (this) { if (callerApp != null && (callerApp.thread == null || callerApp.thread.asBinder() != caller.asBinder())) { return null; //调用者已经死亡 } ReceiverList rl = mRegisteredReceivers.get(receiver.asBinder()); if (rl == null) { //对于没有注册的广播,则创建接收者队列 rl = new ReceiverList(this, callerApp, callingPid, callingUid, userId, receiver); if (rl.app != null) { rl.app.receivers.add(rl); } else { receiver.asBinder().linkToDeath(rl, 0); //注册死亡通知 ... rl.linkedToDeath = true; } //新创建的接收者队列,添加到已注册广播队列。 mRegisteredReceivers.put(receiver.asBinder(), rl); } ... //创建BroadcastFilter对象,并添加到接收者队列 BroadcastFilter bf = new BroadcastFilter(filter, rl, callerPackage, permission, callingUid, userId); rl.add(bf); //新创建的广播过滤者,添加到ReceiverResolver队列 mReceiverResolver.addFilter(bf); //所有匹配该filter的sticky广播执行入队操作 //如果没有使用sendStickyBroadcast,则allSticky=null。 if (allSticky != null) { ArrayList receivers = new ArrayList(); receivers.add(bf); final int stickyCount = allSticky.size(); for (int i = 0; i < stickyCount; i++) { Intent intent = allSticky.get(i); //根据intent返回前台或后台广播队列 BroadcastQueue queue = broadcastQueueForIntent(intent); //创建BroadcastRecord BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(queue, intent, null, null, -1, -1, null, null, AppOpsManager.OP_NONE, null, receivers, null, 0, null, null, false, true, true, -1); //该广播加入到并行广播队列 queue.enqueueParallelBroadcastLocked(r); //调度广播,发送BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG消息,触发处理下一个广播。 queue.scheduleBroadcastsLocked(); } } return sticky; } }
其中mRegisteredReceivers
记录着所有已注册的广播,以receiver IBinder为key, ReceiverList为value为HashMap。
动态广播添通过BroadcastQueue调用enqueueParallelBroadcastLocked添加到mParallelBroadcasts队列里面
BroadcastQueue中有两个广播队列mParallelBroadcasts,mOrderedBroadcasts,数据类型都为ArrayList:
-
mParallelBroadcasts
:并行广播队列,可以立刻执行,而无需等待另一个广播运行完成,该队列只允许动态已注册的广播,从而避免发生同时拉起大量进程来执行广播,前台的和后台的广播分别位于独立的队列。 -
mOrderedBroadcasts
:有序广播队列,同一时间只允许执行一个广播,该队列顶部的广播便是活动广播,其他广播必须等待该广播结束才能运行,也是独立区别前台的和后台的广播。
public final class BroadcastQueue { //... /** * Lists of all active broadcasts that are to be executed immediately * (without waiting for another broadcast to finish). Currently this only * contains broadcasts to registered receivers, to avoid spinning up * a bunch of processes to execute IntentReceiver components. Background- * and foreground-priority broadcasts are queued separately. */ final ArrayList<BroadcastRecord> mParallelBroadcasts = new ArrayList<>(); /** * List of all active broadcasts that are to be executed one at a time. * The object at the top of the list is the currently activity broadcasts; * those after it are waiting for the top to finish. As with parallel * broadcasts, separate background- and foreground-priority queues are * maintained. */ final ArrayList<BroadcastRecord> mOrderedBroadcasts = new ArrayList<>(); public void enqueueParallelBroadcastLocked(BroadcastRecord r) { mParallelBroadcasts.add(r); r.enqueueClockTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); } }
发送广播的时候在ActivityManagerService的broadcastIntent
public final int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle resultExtras, String[] requiredPermissions, int appOp, Bundle options, boolean serialized, boolean sticky, int userId) { enforceNotIsolatedCaller("broadcastIntent"); synchronized(this) { //验证广播intent是否有效 intent = verifyBroadcastLocked(intent); //获取调用者进程记录对象 final ProcessRecord callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller); final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid(); final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid(); final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); int res = broadcastIntentLocked(callerApp, callerApp != null ? callerApp.info.packageName : null, intent, resolvedType, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, resultExtras, requiredPermissions, appOp, null, serialized, sticky, callingPid, callingUid, userId); Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId); return res; } }
AMS.broadcastIntentLocked
private final int broadcastIntentLocked(ProcessRecord callerApp, String callerPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle map, String requiredPermission, boolean ordered, boolean sticky, int callingPid, int callingUid) { ………… ………… // 静态广播接收器list List receivers = null; // 动态广播接收器List List<BroadcastFilter> registeredReceivers = null; // 获取静态广播接收器mReceivers try { if (intent.getComponent() != null) { // Broadcast is going to one specific receiver class... ActivityInfo ai = AppGlobals.getPackageManager(). getReceiverInfo(intent.getComponent(), STOCK_PM_FLAGS); if (ai != null) { receivers = new ArrayList(); ResolveInfo ri = new ResolveInfo(); ri.activityInfo = ai; receivers.add(ri); } } else { // Need to resolve the intent to interested receivers... if ((intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY) == 0) { receivers = AppGlobals.getPackageManager().queryIntentReceivers( intent, resolvedType, STOCK_PM_FLAGS); } // 获取动态广播接收器mReceiverResolver registeredReceivers = mReceiverResolver.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, false); } } catch (RemoteException ex) { // pm is in same process, this will never happen. } final boolean replacePending = (intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING) != 0; int NR = registeredReceivers != null ? registeredReceivers.size() : 0; …… // 如果接收到的广播 是普通广播。 if (!ordered && NR > 0) { // If we are not serializing this broadcast, then send the // registered receivers separately so they don‘t wait for the // components to be launched. BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(intent, callerApp, callerPackage, callingPid, callingUid, requiredPermission, registeredReceivers, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map, ordered, sticky, false); // 很明显接收到普通广播之后,在这只处理了动态广播 registeredReceivers,对于普通广播而言,动态广播接收器要优先于静态广播接收器 无关设置的优先级 boolean replaced = false; if (replacePending) { for (int i=mParallelBroadcasts.size()-1; i>=0; i--) { if (intent.filterEquals(mParallelBroadcasts.get(i).intent)) { if (DEBUG_BROADCAST) Slog.v(TAG, "***** DROPPING PARALLEL: " + intent); mParallelBroadcasts.set(i, r); replaced = true; break; } } } if (!replaced) { mParallelBroadcasts.add(r); scheduleBroadcastsLocked(); } //将registeredReceivers置为null,后面只处理静态广播接收器,所以不会有冲突。 registeredReceivers = null; NR = 0; } //如果是有序广播,将静态广播接收器和动态广播接收器组合成一个最终的顺序 int ir = 0; if (receivers != null) { ... //合并的过程,注意顺序 int NT = receivers != null ? receivers.size() : 0; int it = 0; ResolveInfo curt = null; BroadcastFilter curr = null; while (it < NT && ir < NR) { if (curt == null) { curt = (ResolveInfo)receivers.get(it); } if (curr == null) { curr = registeredReceivers.get(ir); } //如果动态广播接收器优先级高于或者等于静态广播接收器,那么就插到前面 //很明显动态的要在静态的前面 if (curr.getPriority() >= curt.priority) { // Insert this broadcast record into the final list. receivers.add(it, curr); ir++; curr = null; it++; NT++; } else { // Skip to the next ResolveInfo in the final list. it++; curt = null; } } }
最后举个例子:
(以下的静A 表示静态广播接收器,同理动B。)
1 静A (优先级1)
2 动B(优先级1)
3 静C (优先级2,后扫描)
4 静D (优先级2,先扫描)
5 动E (优先级2,先注册)
6 动F (优先级2,后注册)
当来了一个 有序广播,接收顺序如下:动E > 动F > 静D > 静C > 动B > 静A
当来了一个 普通广播,接收顺序如下:动E > 动F > 动B > 静D > 静C > 静A