1 result标签是干什么的
就是结果,服务器处理完返回给浏览器的结果;是一个输出结果数据的组件
2 什么时候需要指定result标签的类型
把要输出的结果数据按照我们指定的数据类型进行处理
3 常见的类型(在struts的默认配置文件120行有这些类型的列表)
3.1 dispatcher 转发(默认类型)
3.2 redirect 重定向URL
格式一
<result type="redirect">
网址(例如:http://www.baidu.com)
</result>
格式二(注意:param标签的name属性是固定值location)
<result type="redirect">
<param name="location">
http://www.baidu.com
</param>
</result>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.xiangxu</groupId>
<artifactId>ssh02</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>2.3.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.8</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
maven依赖文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
<display-name>ssh02s</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list> <!-- 配置spring监听listener
用于初始化Spring容器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener> <!-- 配置Spring配置文件的位置 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param> <!-- 配置主控制器和过滤条件 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>mvc</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>mvc</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> </web-app>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 配置组件扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.xiangxu" /> </beans>
spring_context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts> <package name="type" namespace="/type" extends="struts-default">
<action name="redirect" class="redirectAction"> <!-- 后台经过处理后,再进行重定向 -->
<result name="redirect" type="redirect">
http://www.baidu.com
</result>
</action> <action name="cq"> <!-- 直接重定向,在后台不进行任何处理 -->
<result type="redirect">
http://cq.qq.com/
</result>
</action> <action name="dzsk"> <!-- 利用格式二实现 -->
<result type="redirect">
http://www.dzshike.com/
</result>
</action>
</package> </struts>
struts.xml
package cn.xiangxu.action; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; @Controller
@Scope("prototype")
public class RedirectAction {
public String execute() {
System.out.println("测试重定向URL");
return "redirect";
}
}
RedirectAction
项目结构
3.3 redirectAction 重定向Action
格式一:请求路径不变,仅仅改变请求名
<result name="xxx" type="redirectAction">
请求名/请求名.action
</result>
格式二:请求路径和请求名都该改变
<result name="xxx" type="redirectAction">
<param name="namespace">/路径名</param>
<param name="actionName">请求名/请求名.action</param>
</result>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts> <package name="test" namespace="/test" extends="struts-default"> <!-- namespace是配置访问路径,extends是配置继承默认struts文件 -->
<action name="demo" class="testAction"> <!-- name是配置访问网名,class是配置action类 -->
<result name="success">
/WEB-INF/jsp/msg.jsp
</result>
</action>
</package> <package name="type" namespace="/type" extends="struts-default"> <action name="demo" class="testAction">
<result name="success">
/WEB-INF/jsp/msg.jsp
</result>
</action> <action name="redirectAction01" class="redirectActionAction"> <!-- 重定向1:只改变请求网名 -->
<result name="redirectAction" type="redirectAction">
demo
</result>
<result name="redirectAction" type="redirectAction">
demo
</result>
</action>
<action name="redirectAction02" class="redirectActionAction"> <!-- 重定向2:路径和网名都改变 -->
<result name="redirectAction" type="redirectAction">
<param name="namespace">/test</param>
<param name="actionName">demo</param>
</result>
</action> </package> </struts>
struts.xml
package cn.xiangxu.action; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; @Controller
@Scope("prototype")
public class RedirectActionAction {
public String execute() {
System.out.println("测试重定向action");
return "redirectAction";
}
}
RedirectActionAction.java
项目结构
3.4 stream 流,处理图片
3.4.1 格式
<result name="success" type="stream">
<param name="contentType">image/jpeg</param>
<param name="inputName">imageStream</param>
<param name="contentDisposition">attachment;filename="document.pdf"</param>
<param name="bufferSize">1024</param>
</result>
3.4.2 参数解释
contentType 定义媒体类型
inputName 必须是一个inputStream类型的流
contentDisposition 强制下载保存(可选)
bufferSize 指定缓存区域的大小(可选)
3.4.3 案例:向浏览器发送图片数据并显示
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts> <package name="type" namespace="/type" extends="struts-default"> <action name="stream" class="streamAction">
<result name="success" type="stream">
<param name="contentType">image/png</param>
<param name="inputName">image</param> <!-- image是ImageAction中的一个成员变量 -->
</result>
</action> </package> </struts>
struts.xml
package cn.xiangxu.action; import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; @Controller
@Scope("prototype")
public class StreamAction { private InputStream image; public String execute() throws IOException {
// 设置图片
BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(399, 60, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR); // 获取画笔
Graphics2D g = img.createGraphics();
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.drawString("hello fury,测试stream", 10, 30); // 将图片转成字节数组
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ImageIO.write(img, "png", out);
out.close(); // 将字节数组放到字节流中
byte [] data = out.toByteArray();
image = new ByteArrayInputStream(data); return "success";
} public InputStream getImage() {
return image;
} public void setImage(InputStream image) {
this.image = image;
}
}
StreamAction.java
项目结构
3.5 json 用于处理ajax请求
导包:struts2-json-plugin
注意:package标签中的extends属性值变更为json-default(json-default继承了struts-default)
用法:两种方式
返回Action中的所有值
<result name="xxx" type="json"></result>
返回Action中的单个属性值
<result name="xxx" type="json">
<param name="root">action中的属性名</param> <!-- name的属性值是固定的 -->
</result>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts> <package name="type" namespace="/type" extends="json-default"> <action name="json" class="jsonAction"> <!-- 返回多个值 -->
<result name="success" type="json"></result>
</action> <action name="json02" class="jsonAction"> <!-- 返回一个值 -->
<result name="success" type="json">
<param name="root">name</param>
</result>
</action> </package> </struts>
struts.xml
package cn.xiangxu.action; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; @Controller
@Scope("prototype")
public class JsonAction {
private String name;
private Integer age; public String execute() {
name = "wys";
age = 100;
return "success";
} public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
} }
JsonAction.java
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.xiangxu</groupId>
<artifactId>ssh02</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>2.3.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-json-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.8</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
pom.xml
项目结构图
4 小案例:根据浏览器发送的不同数据,跳转到不同的页面(类似于百度搜索)
4.1 要求:
用户输入搜索关键字后点击搜索按钮,页面直接就跳转到相应页面
例如:输入“百度”,点击搜索后直接跳转到百度的官网
4.2 struts.xml配置文件中action标签的method属性的作用
如果不指定method属性,那么在相应的action类中的处理方法名必须是execute;
如果指定了method属性后,那么在相应的action类中的处理方法名就是method的属性值
4.3 效果演示
点击“搜索”按钮后就跳转到百度的首页啦
4.4 源代码
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<form action="http://localhost:8080/ssh02/case/switch" method="post">
请输入搜索词条:<input type="text" name="index" />
<input type="submit" value="搜索" />
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
shoose.jsp
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts> <package name="case" namespace="/case" extends="struts-default">
<action name="toChoose">
<result>
/WEB-INF/jsp/choose.jsp
</result>
</action>
<action name="demo">
<result>
/WEB-INF/jsp/msg.jsp
</result>
</action>
<action name="switch" class="switchAction" method="doSwitch">
<result name="百度" type="redirect">
http://www.baidu.com
</result> <result name="msg" type="redirectAction">
demo
</result> <result name="main">
/WEB-INF/jsp/main.jsp
</result>
</action>
</package> </struts>
struts.xml
package cn.xiangxu.action; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; @Controller
@Scope("prototype")
public class SwitchAction {
private String index; // 该成员变量名必须和choose.jsp中相关input标签的name属性值相同 public String doSwitch() {
System.out.println("你要搜索的词条是:" + index); return index;
} public String getIndex() {
return index;
} public void setIndex(String index) {
this.index = index;
} }
SwitchAction.java
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>欢迎来到庠序科技主页面</h2>
</body>
</html>
mian.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>恭喜你,struts整合spring成功!</h2>
<h2>hello world</h2>
</body>
</html>
msg.jsp
4.5 项目结构
6 拦截器
6.1 什么是拦截器
java中动态拦截Action调用的对象
6.2 为什么要用拦截器
封装了一些通用处理,便于复用;通过配置的方式进行调用,比较灵活,便于扩展
6.3 什么时候使用
在不修改现有逻辑代码的情况下,为系统追加共有的功能处理
6.4 怎么使用拦截器
创建拦截器
注册拦截器
引用拦截器
6.4.1 拦截器的编写规则
编写一个类,这个类需要实现interceptor接口,在intercept方法中做共同的处理
package cn.xiangxu.util; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor; public class MyInterceptor implements Interceptor { private static final long serialVersionUID = -5324310407222552593L; public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void init() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub } public String intercept(ActionInvocation in) throws Exception {
System.out.println("进入拦截器!");
in.invoke(); // 有了这条语句才能够进入到action控制类中
System.out.println("退出拦截器!");
return null;
} }
MyInterceptor.java
6.4.2 拦截器注册规则 (struts.xml中完成)
在package标签中注册拦截器 利用<Interceptor>标签
<interceptors> <!-- 注册拦截器 -->
<interceptor name="demo" class="cn.xiangxu.ljq.DemoInterceptor"></interceptor>
</interceptors>
6.4.3 拦截器的引用规则(struts.xml中完成) 注意:引用默认的拦截器,请看代码
在action标签中定义引用
<action name="json" class="jsonAction">
<result name="success" type="json"></result>
<interceptor-ref name="demo"></interceptor-ref> <!-- 引用拦截器 -->
</action>
注意:自己写得拦截器可能会和默认的拦截器产生冲突,解决办法是将默认的拦截器页引用进来;
默认拦截器相关信息的位置
改进版本如下