目录
懒汉式单例
简单版本
public class Single1 {
private static Single1 instance;
private Single1() {}
public static Single1 getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Single1();
}
return instance;
}
}
缺点:多线程下能够创建多个实例
synchronized版本
public class Single2 {
private static Single2 instance;
private Single2() {}
public static synchronized Single2 getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Single2();
}
return instance;
}
}
缺点:给方法加锁,对程序执行效率造成负面影响
双重检查(Double-Check)版本
public class Single3 {
private static Single3 instance;
private Single3() {}
public static Single3 getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (Single3.class) {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Single3();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
缺点:new Single3()由于编译器的优化,指令重排,还是可能出问题
volatile
public class Single4 {
private static volatile Single4 instance;
private Single4() {}
public static Single4 getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (Single4.class) {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Single4();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
volatile禁止指令重排
饿汉式单例
实现1
public class SingleB {
private static final SingleB INSTANCE = new SingleB();
private SingleB() {}
public static SingleB getInstance() {
return INSTANCE;
}
}
缺点:无法掌握INSTANCE初始化时机,如果依赖其他数据,很难保证其他数据在INSTANCE初始化前准备好。
其他实现方式
静态内部类-Effective Java
public class Singleton {
private static class SingletonHolder {
private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
}
private Singleton (){}
public static final Singleton getInstance() {
return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE;
}
}
对于内部类SingletonHolder,它是一个饿汉式的单例实现,在SingletonHolder初始化的时候会由ClassLoader来保证同步,使INSTANCE是一个真·单例。
同时,由于SingletonHolder是一个内部类,只在外部类的Singleton的getInstance()中被使用,所以它被加载的时机也就是在getInstance()方法第一次被调用的时候。
枚举-Effective Java2
public enum SingleInstance {
INSTANCE;
public void fun1() {
// do something
}
}
// 使用
SingleInstance.INSTANCE.fun1();
缺点:在需要继承的场景不适用。