百度地图API爬取不同类型POI的详细数据

一、相关概念

查询某个范围内的所有POI

  • 参数介绍:

    • page_size:单次查询返回的POI的数量,最大值为20
    • page_num:查找的POI数量超过20时,会分页显示;比如60个POI就会分3页;此时,page_num=1/2/3会先显示全部的数据;当page_num=4时,第4页的结果集大小为0;
    • scope:1为默认值;2会显示详细数据
    • region:检索的行政区域
  • URL链接:

    http://api.map.baidu.com/place/v2/search/?query=查询关键字&page_size=20&page_num=0&output=json&bounds=40.817,111.697,40.821,111.709&scope=2&ak=你的ak

  • 查询结果示例:

    "status":0,
        "message":"ok",
        "total":2,
        "result_type":"poi_type",
        "results":[
            {
                "name":"红螺寺",
                "location":{
                    "lat":40.390454,
                    "lng":116.632411
                },
                "address":"北京市怀柔区红螺东路2号",
                "province":"北京市",
                "city":"北京市",
                "area":"怀柔区",
                "street_id":"",
                "telephone":"(010)60681175,(010)60681639",
                "detail":1,
                "uid":"605884e7c61e3573871541a3",
                "detail_info":{
                    "tag":"旅游景点;文物古迹",
                    "navi_location":{
                        "lng":116.63176774842,
                        "lat":40.37846005246
                    },
                    "type":"scope",
                    "detail_url":"http://api.map.baidu.com/place/detail?uid=605884e7c61e3573871541a3&output=html&source=placeapi_v2",
                    "overall_rating":"4.3",
                    "comment_num":"200",
                    "children":[
                        
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "name":"卧佛寺",
                "location":{
                    "lat":40.013776,
                    "lng":116.213915
                },
                "address":"北京市海淀区卧佛寺路北京植物园内",
                "province":"北京市",
                "city":"北京市",
                "area":"海淀区",
                "street_id":"934b3dbf0a8d977b8b2fb5c0",
                "detail":1,
                "uid":"934b3dbf0a8d977b8b2fb5c0",
                "detail_info":{
                    "tag":"旅游景点;文物古迹",
                    "navi_location":{
                        "lng":116.21389548337,
                        "lat":40.011540367963
                    },
                    "type":"scope",
                    "detail_url":"http://api.map.baidu.com/place/detail?uid=934b3dbf0a8d977b8b2fb5c0&output=html&source=placeapi_v2",
                    "overall_rating":"4.7",
                    "image_num":"38",
                    "comment_num":"74",
                    "children":[
                        
                    ]
                }
            }
            ]
    

查询某个POI的详细数据

  • 参数介绍:

    • uid:某个POI对应的唯一的标识(通过范围查询获取到的)
  • URL链接:

    http://api.map.baidu.com/place/v2/detail?uid=fabbfbf31f9a6964ad31e55f&output=json&scope=2&ak=你的ak

  • 查询结果示例:

    {
        "status":0,
        "message":"ok",
        "result":{
            "uid":"605884e7c61e3573871541a3",
            "street_id":"",
            "name":"红螺寺",
            "location":{
                "lng":116.63241097199,
                "lat":40.390454021402
            },
            "address":"北京市怀柔区红螺东路2号",
            "province":"北京市",
            "city":"北京市",
            "area":"怀柔区",
            "telephone":"(010)60681175,(010)60681639",
            "detail_info":{
                "tag":"旅游景点;文物古迹",
                "navi_location":{
                    "lng":116.63176778525,
                    "lat":40.378460018453
                },
                "detail_url":"http://api.map.baidu.com/place/detail?uid=605884e7c61e3573871541a3&output=html&source=placeapi_v2",
                "type":"scope",
                "price":"¥54元",
                "overall_rating":"4.3",
                "image_num":"133",
                "comment_num":"200",
                "scope_type":"古迹",
                "scope_grade":"AAAA",
                "content_tag":"适合亲子;登山;礼佛祈福;赏红叶;适合拍照;日出;适合跑步;银杏;情侣约会;香火旺;免费项目;收费合理;空气清新;绿植繁茂;位置优越;景色优美;人气旺;景区大;气势宏大;环境不错;玩的开心;休闲好去处;值得游玩;建筑风格独特;景点多;保存完整;停车方便;交通便利;设施新全;服务热情;收获颇丰;卫生干净"
            },
            "detail":1
        }
    }
    

二、相关链接

三、功能模块

  • 范围查询获取POI数据

    #将查询到的poi数据存入数据库
    def insertPOIData(name_list,ak,cursor):
        #总共查询到了多少对象
        total = 0
        #不重复的向数据库中写入的数据条数
        inserttotal = 0
        for i in name_list:
            #ecxel表格数据判空
            if i == '':
                break
            #j的范围从0开始;上限不一样
            for j in range(0, 10):
                time.sleep(3)
                url = getUrlByName(i, ak, j)
                print(url)
                html = requests.get(url)
                # print(type(html))       response类型
                data = html.json()
                # print(type(data))        dict类型
                print(data)
                #status状态码为0表示获取正常
                if data['status'] == 0:
                    #判断获取的数量,为0表示查询不到该类型的对象
                    if data['total'] == 0:
                        break
                    total = total + data['total']
                    if 'results' in data:
                        for item in data['results']:  # 一次返回的results中有20条数据
                            # print(item)
                            name = item['name']
                            if isExist(cursor, item['uid']):
                                print(f'{name}已经存在')
                                #跳出循环,判断results中的下一个item
                                continue
                            insert = "insert into poidatas(tag,uid,lat,lng,name,address,province,city,area) values ('%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s')" % (
                            i, item['uid'], str(item['location']['lat']), str(item['location']['lng']), item['name'],
                            item['address'], item['province'], item['city'], item['area'])  # 字符串类型的数据插入要加单引号
                            if cursor.execute(insert):
                                inserttotal = inserttotal + 1
                            if 'overall_rating' in item['detail_info']:
                                update = "update poidatas set overall_rating ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (
                                item['detail_info']['overall_rating'], item['uid'])
                                cursor.execute(update)
                            if 'distance' in item['detail_info']:
                                update = "update poidatas set distance ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (
                                item['detail_info']['distance'], item['uid'])
                                cursor.execute(update)
                            if 'comment_num' in item['detail_info']:
                                update = "update poidatas set comment_num ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (
                                item['detail_info']['comment_num'], item['uid'])
                                cursor.execute(update)
                            if 'price' in item['detail_info']:
                                update = "update poidatas set price ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (
                                item['detail_info']['price'], item['uid'])
                                cursor.execute(update)
    
                    if 'result' in data:  #还需要对只有一个返回结果的情况进行判断
                        #区别就是这里不能用for循环
                        item = data['result']
                        # print(item)
                        db = pymysql.connect(host="localhost", user="root", password="root", database="poi")
                        cursor = db.cursor()
                        name = item['name']
                        if isExist(cursor, item['uid']):
                            print(f'{name}已经存在')
                            exit()
                        insert = "insert into poidatas(tag,uid,lat,lng,name,address,province,city,area) values ('%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s')" % (
                        i, item['uid'], str(item['location']['lat']), str(item['location']['lng']), item['name'],
                        item['address'], item['province'], item['city'], item['area'])  # 字符串类型的数据插入要加单引号
                        if cursor.execute(insert):
                            inserttotal = inserttotal + 1
                        if 'overall_rating' in item['detail_info']:
                            update = "update poidatas set overall_rating ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (
                            item['detail_info']['overall_rating'], item['uid'])
                            cursor.execute(update)
                        if 'distance' in item['detail_info']:
                            update = "update poidatas set distance ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (
                            item['detail_info']['distance'], item['uid'])
                            cursor.execute(update)
                        if 'comment_num' in item['detail_info']:
                            update = "update poidatas set comment_num ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (
                            item['detail_info']['comment_num'], item['uid'])
                            cursor.execute(update)
                        if 'price' in item['detail_info']:
                            update = "update poidatas set price ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (
                            item['detail_info']['price'], item['uid'])
                            cursor.execute(update)
        print('总共查找到的POI数量为 : ')
        print(total)
        print('插入数据库的POI数量为 : ')
        print(inserttotal)
    
  • 根据uid查询POI详细数据

    #通过uid查询更详细的数据并存入数据库
    def updateDetailInfo(ak,cursor):
        selectsql = 'SELECT uid FROM poidatas'
        cursor.execute(selectsql)
        result = cursor.fetchall()
        for row in result:
            uid = row[0]
            url2 = 'http://api.map.baidu.com/place/v2/detail?uid=%s&output=json&scope=2&ak=%s' %(uid,ak)
            print(url2)
            time.sleep(3)
            html=requests.get(url2)
            data=html.json()
            print(data)
            if data['status']==0:
                if 'result' in data:
                    #print(data['result'])
                    #result集合大小为1,这里不能使用for循环
                    item = data['result']
                    if 'shop_hours' in item['detail_info']:
                        update = "update poidatas set shop_hours ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (item['detail_info']['shop_hours'],item['uid'])
                        print(update)
                        cursor.execute(update)
                    if 'detail_url' in item['detail_info']:
                        update = "update poidatas set detail_url ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (item['detail_info']['detail_url'],item['uid'])
                        print(update)
                        cursor.execute(update)
                    if 'image_num' in item['detail_info']:
                        update = "update poidatas set image_num ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (item['detail_info']['image_num'],item['uid'])
                        print(update)
                        cursor.execute(update)
                    if 'service_rating' in item['detail_info']:
                        update = "update poidatas set service_rating ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (item['detail_info']['service_rating'],item['uid'])
                        print(update)
                        cursor.execute(update)
                    if 'environment_rating' in item['detail_info']:
                        update = "update poidatas set environment_rating ='%s' where uid = '%s'" % (item['detail_info']['environment_rating'],item['uid'])
                        print(update)
                        cursor.execute(update)
    
  • 判断POI是否已经存入数据库

    #判断是否已经存入数据库
    def isExist(cursor,uid):
        sql = "select * from poidatas where uid = '%s'" % uid
        #print(cursor.execute(sql))  sql语句执行成功,返回的是1
        if cursor.execute(sql):
            return True
        else:
            return False
    
  • 从excel表中读取POI类别

    def readExcel(path):
        data = xlrd.open_workbook(path)
        sheets = data.sheets()
        data_list=[]
        for i in range(len(sheets)):
            table=data.sheets()[i]
            table_rows=table.nrows
            table_cols=table.ncols       
            for j in range(table_rows):
                data_list.append( table.cell(j,0).value)
        return data_list
    
  • 拼接访问URL

    def getUrlByName(name,ak,j):
        #矩形搜索,POI数量较少
        url = 'http://api.map.baidu.com/place/v2/search/?query=%s&page_size=20&page_num=%s&output=json&bounds=40.817,111.697,40.821,111.709&scope=2&ak=%s' %(name,j,ak)
        # 行政区域搜索,POI数量较多
        #url = 'http://api.map.baidu.com/place/v2/search/?query=%s&output=json&region=呼和浩特&scope=2&ak=%s' %(name,ak)
        return url
    
  • Main函数

    def Main():
        ak = "~~~~~"
        name_list=readExcel(r'D:\poi类别.xls')
        db = pymysql.connect(host="localhost", user="root", password="root", database="poi")
        cursor = db.cursor()
        insertPOIData(name_list,ak,cursor)
        updateDetailInfo(ak, cursor)
        db.commit()
        cursor.close()
    
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