安装了Ubuntu 12.04 64bit, 想在上面安装Oracle 11gr2，网上找了好多文档都没成功，最后完全参考了MordicusEtCubitus的文章。

成功安装的关键点：install additional packages, 在link过程中处理错误的方法。

原文：http://www.makina-corpus.org/blog/howto-install-oracle-11g-ubuntu-linux-1204-precise-pangolin-64bits

Before starting

Since release 11.10 it is more difficult to install Oracle 64bits on Ubuntu.
If you need to run Oracle on a production environment, please install a supported Linux distribution.
So why installing Oracle on Ubuntu ?

• You may manage Ubuntu servers and cannot use other linux distributions
• You may be a developper, and clearly, ubuntu is a good choice for the desktop environment so you want to continue developing on your favorite distribution
• You may be a student learning Oracle, and clearly, ubuntu is a good choice for the desktop environment so you want to continue learning on your favorite distribution
• Because you want to !

Clearly, Oracle should officially support ubuntu linux !

Since version 11.10 of Ubuntu, installing Oracle as become much more complicated than already described in this previousOracle installation guide on Ubunto 64bits how to. 
This is due to, at least, the following points:

• /dev/shm is a symbolic link to /run/shm and Oracle binaries do not properly support this, resulting inMEMORY TARGET errors
• new configuration/compilation rules with gcc (indirect library linking) no more allow a library A referencing functions of library C linked with library B that is linked with library A. In this case, library A must be explicitly linked with library C too. So Oracle makefiles have to be updated for some libraries.

This how to is based on the following two others and many others contributions:

• Installing Oracle 11g on ubuntu 11.10
• Another howto on installing Oracle 11gR2 on ubuntu 11.10
• Installing Oracle 11g on ubuntu 11.10 64bits from ubuntu forums
• Installing Oracle 11g on ubuntu 12.04 server

So, why writing my own ? 
Because they were not so easy to found, and I had started my own article before solving all the encountered issues.
Because they do not all describe or explain all errors I've encoutered and because I suggest others solutions to solve parts of encoutered as for /dev/shm.

Downloading Oracle 11g 64 bits for Linux

First, download Oracle 11gR2 Enterprise/Standard Edition for Linux x86-64 from Oracle website.

Then extract the downloaded file:

A new folder named database will be extracted.

Preparing the system

Second, read the HTML documentation of the quick install guide you can found in the extracted folder at this place:database/doc/install.112/e10860/toc.htm

For the rest of this howto, we suppose Oracle will be installed at /opt/oracle Root directory in a freshly newly installed Linux Ubuntu distribution.

We will have to:

• Create required users and groups accounts
• Set required system parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf
• Installing complementary packages

Creating system accounts

Creating Oracle Inventory group:

Creating Oracle DBA group:

Creating Oracle user home and account:

For Oracle 10g, it was required to add nobody user group, this is no more required with 11g as it is no more described in11g quick installation guide.

Updating kernel parameters

This is one of the longest task of this installation. Because you will have to check your current config.
Check commands in Oracle documentation for this, section 6 Configuring Kernel Parameters.
Then, edit the file /etc/sysctl.conf as described below:

Add the following lines to get minimal values required by Oracle, adjusting if required, depending of your configuration:

About HUGE TLB.
Since Ubuntu Karmic (it was not required on Ubuntu Jaunty) kernel parameters have changed and this was required for 10g.
Without these parameters your Oracle instance won't be able to create shared memory segment and will refuse to start.
Not tested on Ubuntu 12.04 but this is now described in 11g documentation.
You have to replace the value of 1001 with the group ID of the oinstall group.
Read this great howto install Oracle on debian to know more about huge tlb parameter.
Then, run the command below to set these kernel parameters:

Now, update /etc/security/limits.conf:

And add the following parameters:

# Oracle

oracle           soft    nproc   2047

oracle           hard    nproc   16384

oracle           soft    nofile  1024

oracle           hard    nofile  65536

oracle           soft    stack   10240

Check that /etc/pam.d/login contains a line like this one:

	session    required   pam_limits.so

Now, update /etc/profile:

	sudo gedit /etc/profile

And add the following lines:

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

              ulimit -p 16384

              ulimit -n 65536

        else

              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

        fi

fi 

Installing additional packages

If not already done, update your distribution with the latest packages:

	sudo apt-get update

	sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Install the following additional packages:

sudo apt-get install alien

sudo apt-get install autoconf

sudo apt-get install automake

sudo apt-get install autotools-dev

sudo apt-get install binutils

sudo apt-get install bzip2

sudo apt-get install doxygen

sudo apt-get install elfutils

sudo apt-get install expat

sudo apt-get install gawk

sudo apt-get install gcc

sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib

sudo apt-get install g++-multilib

# This will help preventing prevent from runInstaller terrific ./runInstaller: line 54: ./install/.oui: No such file or directory error message

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

sudo apt-get install ksh

sudo apt-get install less

sudo apt-get install lesstif2

sudo apt-get install lesstif2-dev

sudo apt-get install lib32z1

sudo apt-get install libaio1

sudo apt-get install libaio-dev

sudo apt-get install libc6-dev

sudo apt-get install libc6-dev-i386

sudo apt-get install libc6-i386

sudo apt-get install libelf-dev

sudo apt-get install libltdl-dev

sudo apt-get install libmotif4

sudo apt-get install libodbcinstq4-1 libodbcinstq4-1:i386

sudo apt-get install libpth-dev

sudo apt-get install libpthread-stubs0

sudo apt-get install libpthread-stubs0-dev

sudo apt-get install libstdc++5

sudo apt-get install lsb-cxx

sudo apt-get install make

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

sudo apt-get install pdksh

sudo apt-get install rlwrap

sudo apt-get install rpm

sudo apt-get install sysstat

sudo apt-get install unixodbc

sudo apt-get install unixodbc-dev

sudo apt-get install unzip

sudo apt-get install x11-utils

sudo apt-get install zlibc 

Preventing from installation errors

To prevent from error genclntsh: Failed to link libclntsh.so.11.1 in make file for rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk 
beacause of missing library: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib64/libpthread_nonshared.a inside 
we need to create a symlink for /usr/lib64:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib64

To help preventing from error lib//libagtsh.so: undefined reference to `nnfyboot' in make: rdbms/lib/dg4odbc] Error 1

sudo ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename

cd /lib64

sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 .

There are many ways to install it, I have followed this howto to install libstdc++5 on Ubuntu Karmic

Below is the summary of this HOWTO:

mkdir /tmp/libstdc++5

cd /tmp/libstdc++5

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gcc-3.3/libstdc++5_3.3....

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gcc-3.3/libstdc++5_3.3....

sudo dpkg --force-architecture -i libstdc++5_3.3.6-17ubuntu1_i386.deb

sudo mv /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5* /usr/lib32/

sudo dpkg -i libstdc++5_3.3.6-17ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Now reboot your system to be sure these parameters will be taken in account for the next part of the installation.

Others configurations

Connect as Oracle user and set some default startup file

	sudo su - oracle

	cd

	touch .bashrc

	ln -s .bashrc .bash_profile

Edit .bashrc file:

	vi .bashrc

And add the following line:

	umask 022

Execute the .bashrc file or restart a bash shell

	source .bashrc

Installing Oracle

Now we can start the installation of the Oracle 10g archive.

Allow others users to connect to your X session, by entering in a bash shell:

	xhost +

Then, login as oracle user:

	su - oracle

Go in the extracted database folder and run the following commands:

	export DISPLAY=:0

	./runInstaller

Then, Oracle installer should start in graphic mode.
For the rest of the installation, we suppose you will choose the following options:

• Installing Oracle 11g Enterprise edition in advanced mode
• Installing server class
• Oracle base directory: /opt/oracle/Oracle11gee
• Oracle home: /opt/oracle/Oracle11gee/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
• Oracle inventory: /opt/oracle/oraInventory
• Oracle database global name and SID: orcl
• Character set: Unicode AL32UTF8
• Memory: Uncheck activate automatic memory management to prevent from ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system. Antoher solution could be to remove /de/shm symbolic link and mount it as a bind to /run/shm: mount --bind /run/shm /dev/shm. But this no more seems to be an issue on 12.04, was ok as automatic with my last installation.
• Oradata directory: /opt/oracle/Oracle11gee/oradata

Once you will reach the "pre-reqs" screen, check "Ignore all" to continue the installation.

Then, you will encounter issues.

Solving compilation/link errors

Some issues should appear during installation.

If you have not created the symbolic links above, you will have to solve error lib//libagtsh.so: undefined reference to `nnfyboot' in make: rdbms/lib/dg4odbc] Error 1. For this, create the symbolic links and execute the commands:

export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/Oracle11gee/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib

ln -s libclient11.a libagtsh.a

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/genagtsh $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libagtsh.so 1.0

Now we will encounter many errors due to indirect library linking:

To solve error # libnnz11.so: could not read symbols: Invalid operation /sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk, enter the command:

export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/Oracle11gee/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

sed -i 's/^\(\s*\$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)\)\s*$/\1 -lnnz11/g' $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk

To solve error # nsglsn.c:(.text+0xc29): undefined reference to `ons_subscriber_close' /network/lib/ins_net_server.mk, enter the command:

sed -i 's/^\(TNSLSNR_LINKLINE.*\$(TNSLSNR_OFILES)\) \(\$(LINKTTLIBS)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib/env_network.mk

To solve error # libocrutl11.so: undefined reference to `lfifcp' rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk, enter the commands:

sed -i 's/^\(ORACLE_LINKLINE.*\$(ORACLE_LINKER)\) \(\$(PL_FLAGS)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk

You also need to execute the following commands to prevent from later errors:

sed -i 's/^\(\$LD \$LD_RUNTIME\) \(\$LD_OPT\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/bin/genorasdksh

sed -i 's/^\(\s*\)\(\$(OCRLIBS_DEFAULT)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/srvm/lib/ins_srvm.mk

Finishing the installation

The install process will finally ask you to execute scripts as root user, just do so:

# sudo /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

sudo /opt/oracle/Oracle11gee/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

You should be able to access database web interface through the URL https://localhost:1158/em

Now, add the following variable declaration in your oracle user .profile, .bashrc or .bash_profile scripts:

export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/Oracle11gee/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

Then start a new shell or execute one of the updated files:

	source .bashrc

Starting and stopping Oracle

We should now be able to start Oracle database if you had choosed to create one during installation.
If you have not yet created any oracle instance and database use the $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca assistant to do so.

Starting up the database

Once your server have been restarted, your database may not start. To solve this issue, first check in /etc/oratab that it has the 'Y' flag, if not, set it.

	sudo gedit /etc/oratab

And replace N by Y

orcl:/opt/oracle/Oracle11gee/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y

Finally, to manually start Oracle, run these commands as oracle user

dbstart $ORACLE_HOME

Connecting to the database

Now, just try to connect to the freshly started database:

oracle@makina-oracle:~$ sqlplus system@orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Aug 8 11:18:50 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Enter password:

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select 'Oracle 11gee is running on Ubuntu 12.04 64 bits' as Welcome from dual;

WELCOME
-----------------------------------------------
Oracle 11gee is running on Ubuntu 12.04 64 bits

SQL>

Shutting down the database

Just entry the following commands with Oracle user:

	dbshut $ORACLE_HOME