### 备份方式和恢复方式
备份全部数据库
mkdir /bak
mongodump
备份指定数据库
mkidr /bak
mongodump -d admin
备份一个数据库中的某个集合
mkdir /bak
mongodump -d admin -c student
恢复全部数据库
mongorestore --drop # --drop是为了防止数据重复
恢复某个数据库
mongorestore -d dbname --drop
恢复某个数据库的某个集合
mongorestore -d dbname -c student --drop
异机数据恢复
mongorestore -h host -d dbname /path/sourcefile # 注意这里要使用dump出来的文件的源文件
mongodump
-h 导出源
-d 要导出的数据库名称
-o 数据库要导出的位置
mongorestore
-d 使用的数据库名称
-c 恢复一个表
### 数据的导出
Mongodb中的mongoexport工具可以把一个collection导出成JSON格式或CSV格式的文件。可以通过参数指定导出的数据项，也可以根据指定的条件导出数据。
mongoexport
参数说明：
-h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
-u:指明数据库的用户名
-p:指明数据库的密码
-d:指明数据库的名字
-c:指明collection的名字
-f:指明要导出那些列
-o:指明到要导出的文件名
-q:指明导出数据的过滤条件
### 数据的导入
mongoimport
-type 指明要导入的文件格式
-headerline 指明不导入第一行
-file 指明要导入的文件路径
参数说明：
-h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
-u:指明数据库的用户名
-p:指明数据库的密码
-d:指明数据库的名字
-c:指明collection的名字
-f:指明要导入那些列
CSV 格式良好，主流数据库都支持导出为CSV 的格式，所以这种格式非常利于异构数据迁移
### 演示备份数据库
mkdir /bak cd /bak [root@redis bak]# mongodump -h 192.168.58.30 --port 27017 -u root -p connected to: 192.168.58.30:27017 Enter password: Thu Jul 17 08:15:42.996 all dbs Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.006 DATABASE: admin to dump/admin Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.015 admin.system.indexes to dump/admin/system.indexes.bson Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.076 2 objects Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.077 admin.system.users to dump/admin/system.users.bson Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.077 1 objects Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.077 Metadata for admin.system.users to dump/admin/system.users.metadata.json Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.078 DATABASE: guest to dump/guest Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.082 guest.system.indexes to dump/guest/system.indexes.bson Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.088 3 objects Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.088 guest.system.users to dump/guest/system.users.bson Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.097 1 objects Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.097 Metadata for guest.system.users to dump/guest/system.users.metadata.json Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.098 guest.student to dump/guest/student.bson Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.103 26 objects Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.103 Metadata for guest.student to dump/guest/student.metadata.json [root@redis bak]# ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 17 08:15 dump [root@redis bak]# cd dump/ [root@redis dump]# ls admin guest [root@redis dump]#
###恢复数据库
由于刚开始的时候指定了备份目录下面的所有文件，所以会报错
[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -d admin admin/* ERROR: too many positional options Import BSON files into MongoDB.
后来从新换了一个，再次报错
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -d admin admin/ couldn‘t connect to [127.0.0.1] couldn‘t connect to server 127.0.0.1:27017
上面报错是因为我配置文件中写的是本机ip,更换后
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -d admin admin/ -h 192.168.58.10
connected to: 192.168.58.10
Thu Jul 17 09:08:33.873 admin/system.users.bson
Thu Jul 17 09:08:33.873 going into namespace [admin.system.users]
1 objects found
Thu Jul 17 09:08:33.902 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, ns: "admin.system.users", name: "_id_" }
Thu Jul 17 09:08:34.043 Creating index: { key: { user: 1, userSource: 1 }, unique: true, ns: "admin.system.users", name: "user_1_userSource_1" }
[root@localhost ~]#
### 查看是否正确导入
[root@localhost ~]# mongo 192.168.58.10
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6
connecting to: 192.168.58.10/test
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
> show dbsl
Thu Jul 17 09:12:34.806 don‘t know how to show [dbsl] at src/mongo/shell/utils.js:847
> show dbs;
admin0.203125GB
guest0.203125GB
local0.078125GB
> use guest
switched to db guest
> show collections;
student
system.indexes
system.users
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769621d184866a15043ec"), "name" : "zhuima" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043ed"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043ee"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043ef"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f0"), "x" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f1"), "x" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f2"), "x" : 6 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f3"), "x" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f4"), "x" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f5"), "x" : 9 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f6"), "x" : 10 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f7"), "x" : 11 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f8"), "x" : 12 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f9"), "x" : 13 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fa"), "x" : 14 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fb"), "x" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fc"), "x" : 16 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fd"), "x" : 17 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fe"), "x" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043ff"), "x" : 19 }
Type "it" for more
>
### 用户管理
添加超级用户
use admin
db.addUser(‘name‘,‘password‘)
添加只读用户
use dbname
db.addUser(‘name‘,‘password‘,true)
添加普通用户
use dbname
db.addUser(‘name‘,‘password‘) 其实也不能说是普通用户，这个只是针对于某一个数据库有权限
删除用户
use dbname
db.system.users.remove(‘name‘,‘password‘)
更换用户密码
use dbname
db.addUser(‘name‘,‘password‘)
切换用户（必须要先到对对应的数据库，root账户除外）
use dbname
db.auth(‘name‘,‘password‘)
查找用户
use dbname
db.system.users.find()
### 监控mongodb
1、db.serverStatus()可以查看系统的大部分状态
> db.serverStatus()
{
"host" : "redis.vagrant.internal",
"version" : "2.6.3",
"process" : "mongod",
"pid" : NumberLong(27724),
"uptime" : 4997,
"uptimeMillis" : NumberLong(4997102),
"uptimeEstimate" : 4608,
"localTime" : ISODate("2014-07-21T10:49:35.340Z"),
"asserts" : {
"regular" : 0,
"warning" : 0,
"msg" : 0,
"user" : 4,
"rollovers" : 0
},
"backgroundFlushing" : {
"flushes" : 83,
"total_ms" : 202,
"average_ms" : 2.433734939759036,
"last_ms" : 0,
"last_finished" : ISODate("2014-07-21T10:49:18.431Z")
},
"connections" : {
"current" : 1,
"available" : 51199,
"totalCreated" : NumberLong(2)
},
"cursors" : {
"note" : "deprecated, use server status metrics",
"clientCursors_size" : 0,
"totalOpen" : 0,
"pinned" : 0,
"totalNoTimeout" : 0,
"timedOut" : 0
},
"dur" : {
"commits" : 30,
"journaledMB" : 0,
"writeToDataFilesMB" : 0,
"compression" : 0,
"commitsInWriteLock" : 0,
"earlyCommits" : 0,
"timeMs" : {
"dt" : 3102,
"prepLogBuffer" : 0,
"writeToJournal" : 0,
"writeToDataFiles" : 0,
"remapPrivateView" : 0
}
},
"extra_info" : {
"note" : "fields vary by platform",
"heap_usage_bytes" : 62587072,
"page_faults" : 2
},
"globalLock" : {
"totalTime" : NumberLong("4997106000"),
"lockTime" : NumberLong(466098),
"currentQueue" : {
"total" : 0,
"readers" : 0,
"writers" : 0
},
"activeClients" : {
"total" : 0,
"readers" : 0,
"writers" : 0
}
},
"indexCounters" : {
"accesses" : 48,
"hits" : 48,
"misses" : 0,
"resets" : 0,
"missRatio" : 0
},
"locks" : {
"." : {
"timeLockedMicros" : {
"R" : NumberLong(388976),
"W" : NumberLong(466098)
},
"timeAcquiringMicros" : {
"R" : NumberLong(382921),
"W" : NumberLong(52063)
}
},
"admin" : {
"timeLockedMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(239696),
"w" : NumberLong(0)
},
"timeAcquiringMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(105140),
"w" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"local" : {
"timeLockedMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(236543),
"w" : NumberLong(842)
},
"timeAcquiringMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(73211),
"w" : NumberLong(45)
}
},
"zhuima" : {
"timeLockedMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(139309),
"w" : NumberLong(208)
},
"timeAcquiringMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(1778),
"w" : NumberLong(3)
}
}
},
"network" : {
"bytesIn" : 12768,
"bytesOut" : 29899,
"numRequests" : 150
},
"opcounters" : {
"insert" : 5,
"query" : 22,
"update" : 9,
"delete" : 4,
"getmore" : 0,
"command" : 141
},
"opcountersRepl" : {
"insert" : 0,
"query" : 0,
"update" : 0,
"delete" : 0,
"getmore" : 0,
"command" : 0
},
"recordStats" : {
"accessesNotInMemory" : 0,
"pageFaultExceptionsThrown" : 0,
"admin" : {
"accessesNotInMemory" : 0,
"pageFaultExceptionsThrown" : 0
},
"local" : {
"accessesNotInMemory" : 0,
"pageFaultExceptionsThrown" : 0
}
},
"writeBacksQueued" : false,
"mem" : {
"bits" : 64,
"resident" : 31,
"virtual" : 2654,
"supported" : true,
"mapped" : 1184,
"mappedWithJournal" : 2368
},
"metrics" : {
"cursor" : {
"timedOut" : NumberLong(0),
"open" : {
"noTimeout" : NumberLong(0),
"pinned" : NumberLong(0),
"total" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"document" : {
"deleted" : NumberLong(1),
"inserted" : NumberLong(5),
"returned" : NumberLong(81),
"updated" : NumberLong(9)
},
"getLastError" : {
"wtime" : {
"num" : 0,
"totalMillis" : 0
},
"wtimeouts" : NumberLong(0)
},
"operation" : {
"fastmod" : NumberLong(0),
"idhack" : NumberLong(0),
"scanAndOrder" : NumberLong(0)
},
"queryExecutor" : {
"scanned" : NumberLong(9),
"scannedObjects" : NumberLong(9)
},
"record" : {
"moves" : NumberLong(0)
},
"repl" : {
"apply" : {
"batches" : {
"num" : 0,
"totalMillis" : 0
},
"ops" : NumberLong(0)
},
"buffer" : {
"count" : NumberLong(0),
"maxSizeBytes" : 268435456,
"sizeBytes" : NumberLong(0)
},
"network" : {
"bytes" : NumberLong(0),
"getmores" : {
"num" : 0,
"totalMillis" : 0
},
"ops" : NumberLong(0),
"readersCreated" : NumberLong(0)
},
"preload" : {
"docs" : {
"num" : 0,
"totalMillis" : 0
},
"indexes" : {
"num" : 0,
"totalMillis" : 0
}
}
},
"storage" : {
"freelist" : {
"search" : {
"bucketExhausted" : NumberLong(0),
"requests" : NumberLong(5),
"scanned" : NumberLong(8)
}
}
},
"ttl" : {
"deletedDocuments" : NumberLong(0),
"passes" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"ok" : 1
}
>
2、mongostat 可以动态查看mongodb的各种状态
[root@redis ~]# mongostat -h 192.168.58.30 -uzhuima -pzhuima connected to: 192.168.58.30 insert query update delete getmore command flushes mapped vsize res faults locked db idx miss % qr|qw ar|aw netIn netOut conn time *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:12 *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 .:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:13 *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 .:0.1% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:14 *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:15 *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:16 *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:17 *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:18 ^Z [1]+ Stopped mongostat -h 192.168.58.30 -uzhuima -pzhuima [root@redis ~]#
### 参考文章:
http://blog.csdn.net/shirdrn/article/details/7105539
http://www.cnblogs.com/huangxincheng/archive/2012/03/08/2384571.html
本文出自 “追马” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://lovelace.blog.51cto.com/1028430/1441058