I reinstalled my ubuntu system and also ROS. I tested slam_karto package when some strange error came out. I still cannot explain it for now.

'vector' in namespace 'std' does not name a type

located in /opt/ros/indigo/include/ros/console.h

Fixed by:

cd /opt/ros/indigo/include/ros/console.h
gedit console.h

add a line:

　　#include <vector>

But, why would an error happen in ROS itself?