多线程类似于同时执行多个不同程序,多线程运行有如下优点:
使用线程可以把占据长时间的程序中的任务放到后台去处理。
用户界面可以更加吸引人,比如用户点击了一个按钮去触发某些事件的处理,可以弹出一个进度条来显示处理的进度。
程序的运行速度可能加快。
在一些等待的任务实现上如用户输入、文件读写和网络收发数据等,线程就比较有用了。在这种情况下我们可以释放一些珍贵的资源如内存占用等等。
每个独立的线程有一个程序运行的入口、顺序执行序列和程序的出口。但是线程不能够独立执行,必须依存在应用程序中,由应用程序提供多个线程执行控制。
每个线程都有他自己的一组CPU寄存器,称为线程的上下文,该上下文反映了线程上次运行该线程的CPU寄存器的状态。
指令指针和堆栈指针寄存器是线程上下文中两个最重要的寄存器,线程总是在进程得到上下文中运行的,这些地址都用于标志拥有线程的进程地址空间中的内存。
线程可以被抢占(中断)。
在其他线程正在运行时,线程可以暂时搁置(也称为睡眠) -- 这就是线程的退让。
线程可以分为:
内核线程:由操作系统内核创建和撤销。
用户线程:不需要内核支持而在用户程序中实现的线程。
Python3 线程中常用的两个模块为:
_thread
threading(推荐使用)
thread 模块已被废弃。用户可以使用 threading 模块代替。所以,在 Python3 中不能再使用"thread" 模块。为了兼容性,Python3 将 thread 重命名为 "_thread"。
Python中使用线程有两种方式:函数或者用类来包装线程对象。
函数式:调用 _thread 模块中的start_new_thread()函数来产生新线程。语法如下:
_thread.start_new_thread ( function, args[, kwargs] )
参数说明:
function - 线程函数。
args - 传递给线程函数的参数,他必须是个tuple类型。
kwargs - 可选参数。
复制代码
!/usr/bin/python3
import _thread
import time
为线程定义一个函数
def print_time( threadName, delay):
count = 0
while count < 5:
time.sleep(delay)
count += 1
print ("%s: %s" % ( threadName, time.ctime(time.time()) ))
创建两个线程
try:
_thread.start_new_thread( print_time, ("Thread-1", 2, ) )
_thread.start_new_thread( print_time, ("Thread-2", 4, ) )
except:
print ("Error: 无法启动线程")
while 1:
pass
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