C++多继承与虚继承

一.多继承

class Bed {
public:
	void sleep() {
		cout << "在床上睡觉" << endl;
	}
};
class Sofa {
public:
	void sit() {
		cout << "在沙发上休息" << endl;
	}
};
//沙发床
class SofaBed :public Bed,public Sofa//多继承 
{
public:
	void SleepAndSit() {
		sleep();
		sit();
	}
};
int main() {
	Bed b;
	b.sleep();
	Sofa s;
	s.sit();
	cout << "---------------" << endl;
	SofaBed sb;
	sb.SleepAndSit();
	return 0;
}

结果:
C++多继承与虚继承
弊端:
沙发床继承了床和沙发的材质m,导致不明确。
C++多继承与虚继承
代码:

//家具
class Furniture {
public:
	int m;//材质
};
//床
class Bed :public Furniture
{
public:
	void sleep() {
		cout << "在床上睡觉" << endl;
	}
};
//沙发
class Sofa :public Furniture
{
public:
	void sit() {
		cout << "在沙发上休息" << endl;
	}
};
//沙发床,多继承,此时类中有两个m
class SofaBed :public Bed,public Sofa//多继承 
{
public:
	void SleepAndSit() {
		cout <<"Bed::m=" << Bed::m <<",Sofa::m:" << Sofa::m << endl;
	}
};
int main() {
	SofaBed sb;
	sb.m=1;//错误:m不明确;
	return 0;
}

C++多继承与虚继承

解决方法:
方案一:加域名
问题:不明确现象依然存在。

int main() {
	SofaBed sb;
	sb.Bed::m = 1;
	sb.Sofa::m = 2;
	sb.SleepAndSit();
	return 0;
}

结果:
C++多继承与虚继承
方案二:虚继承

虚继承

添加virtual,实现虚继承,使孙子类继承爷爷辈的m,而不继承父亲辈的m。
作用:可以解决不明确现象。
原理:只申请一个m变量空间。
总结:出现这种菱形结构就加virtual!!!
C++多继承与虚继承
代码:

//家具
class Furniture {
public:
	int m;//材质
};
//床
class Bed :virtual public Furniture//改成虚继承
{
public:
	void sleep() {
		cout << "在床上睡觉" << endl;
	}
};
//沙发
class Sofa :virtual public Furniture//改成虚继承
{
public:
	void sit() {
		cout << "在沙发上休息" << endl;
	}
};
//沙发床,多继承,此时类中有两个m
class SofaBed :public Bed,public Sofa//多继承 
{
public:
	void SleepAndSit() {
		cout <<"Bed::m=" << Bed::m <<",Sofa::m:" << Sofa::m << endl;
	}
};
int main() {
	SofaBed sb;
	sb.m = 1;
	sb.SleepAndSit();
	return 0;
}

运行:
C++多继承与虚继承

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