Spring 学习——基于Spring WebSocket 和STOMP实现简单的聊天功能

2022-08-07 11:46:01

本篇主要讲解如何使用Spring websocket 和STOMP搭建一个简单的聊天功能项目，里面使用到的技术，如websocket和STOMP等会简单介绍，不会太深，如果对相关介绍不是很了解的，请自行查阅相关知识。

本篇的项目主要是一个学习Spring websocket和STOMP的项目，基于Spring4.0之上。因为Spring4.0之上才支持Websocket。例子比较的简单，但是总体实现了

  1. 浏览器 和服务器可以正常建立websocket服务
  2. 浏览器可以像服务器订阅并发送消息
  3. 浏览器可以接收到服务器推送过来的消息，即浏览器订阅的消息

一.简单介绍Websocket和STOMP

1.websocket介绍

websocket协议是html5的一种新的协议，提供了通过套接字实现全双工通信的功能，【全双工：意味着服务器可以发送消息给浏览器，浏览器也可以发送消息给服务器】并能够实现web浏览器和服务器之间的异步通信。

它和http通信机制对比如下图：

Spring 学习——基于Spring WebSocket 和STOMP实现简单的聊天功能

  • http每次发送请求都需要和服务器建立一次连接， 是一种无状态的协议。
  • websocket只要第一个建立成功，浏览器就可以服务器进行通信，是一种有状态的协议。
  • websocket协议的请求报文和响应报文和http也是有区别的，这里不做介绍!

2.STOMP介绍

什么是 STOMP呢？
http是在TCP套接字之上添加了请求-响应模型!
STOMP是在WebSocket之上提供了一个基于帧的线路格式层，用于定义消息的语义。
STOMP帧由命令、一个或多个头信息以及负载所组成！举例发送数据的一个STOMP帧：

SEND

destination：/app/marco

content-length:20

{\"message\":\"hello\"}
  • 这里STOMP的命令是SEND，后面接发送的目标地址，消息内容长度，然后是一个空行，最后是发送内容，这个里面是一个JSON消息。
  • 这里需要注意的是destination，目标地址，消息会发送到这个目的地，这个目的地有服务端组件来进行处理。
  • Spring使用STOMP需要进行配置，并且Spring为STOMP消息提供了基于SpringMVC的编程模型！

二.搭建项目【项目的源码springwebscoket demo】

下面进入实战演练：

1、添加依赖

<!-- 添加Spring依赖 -->

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <!--spring单元测试依赖 -->

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

      <scope>test</scope>

    </dependency>

    <!-- spring webmvc相关jar -->

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <!--Spring websocket start-->

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <!--Spring websocket end-->

    <!-- For SockJS -->

    <!-- http://jira.codehaus.org/browse/JACKSON-884 -->

    <dependency>

      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>

      <version>${jackson.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>

      <version>${jackson.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

      <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>

      <version>${jackson.version}</version>

    </dependency>

2、添加配置文件

1.web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app>

  <display-name>spring-webscoket</display-name>

  <!-- 读取spring配置文件 -->

	<context-param>

		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

		<param-value>classpath*:application*.xml</param-value>

	</context-param>

	<listener>

		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>

	</listener>

	<!-- Spring字符集过滤器 -->

	<filter>

		<filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name>

		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>

		<init-param>

			<param-name>encoding</param-name>

			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>

		</init-param>

		<init-param>

			<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>

			<param-value>true</param-value>

		</init-param>

		<async-supported>true</async-supported>

	</filter>

	<filter-mapping>

		<filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name>

		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

	</filter-mapping>

	<!-- springMVC核心配置 -->

	<servlet>

		<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>

		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

		<init-param>

			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

			<!--spingMVC的配置路径 -->

			<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>

		</init-param>

		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

		<async-supported>true</async-supported>

	</servlet>

	<!-- 拦截设置 -->

	<servlet-mapping>

		<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>

		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

	</servlet-mapping>

  <welcome-file-list>

  	<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>

  </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

需要注意：< async-supported>true< /async-supported>，在filter和Servlet中都需要添加！

2.spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

  xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

  xsi:schemaLocation="

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描controller（controller层注入） -->

   <context:component-scan base-package="com.dufy"/>

     <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- 当在web.xml 中   DispatcherServlet使用 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 映射时，能映射静态资源 -->

    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

	<!-- 静态资源映射 -->

    <mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/WEB-INF/static/"/>

   <!-- 对模型视图添加前后缀 -->

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />

        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />

    </bean>

</beans>
3.applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd

">

	<!-- Spring WebSocketSession管理容器 -->

	<bean id="webSocketSessionManager" class="com.dufy.webscocket.session.data.DefaultWebSocketSessionManager" />

	<!-- websocket握手拦截器 -->

	<bean id="handshakeInterceptor" class="com.dufy.webscocket.interceptor.ChatHandInteceptor" />

	<!-- WebSocket相关监听器 -->

	<bean id="sessionConnectedListener" class="com.dufy.webscocket.listener.SessionConnectedListener" />

	<bean id="sessionDisConnectedListener" class="com.dufy.webscocket.listener.SessionClosedListener" />

	<bean id="sessionSubscribeListener" class="com.dufy.webscocket.listener.SessionSubscribeListener" />

</beans>

3、添加代码

1.后台代码目录

![这里写图片描述](http://img.blog.csdn.net/20170813111044867?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvdTAxMDY0ODU1NQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast)

2.前台代码

（1）建立websocket的jsp页面：
```

<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/recourse/jquery-1.7.2.min.js"></script>

<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/recourse/stomp.js"></script>

<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/recourse/sockjs.min.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript">

    $(document).ready(function(){

        connect();

        //checkoutUserlist();

    });

    var projectName = "springwebscoket";

    var baseUrl= getBaseUrl();

    var stompClient = null;

    console.log("baseUrl = " + baseUrl);

    //this line.

    function connect() {

        console.log('Connected: ----------------------------------');

        var userid = document.getElementById('name').value;

        var socket = new SockJS(baseUrl + projectName +"/chat");

        console.log("=-="+ socket);

        stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);

        stompClient.connect({}, function(frame) {

            setConnected(true);

            console.log('Connected: ' + frame);

            stompClient.ws.onclose = function (CloseEvent){

                console.log("ERROR","weboscket close code is " + CloseEvent.code);

                setConnected(false);

            };

            //系统订阅消息

            stompClient.subscribe('/user/queue/system/newMsg', function (greeting) {

                console.log("------ue/system/newMsg-----------");

                console.log(greeting);

                showGreeting(JSON.parse(greeting.body).content);

            });

            //新消息订阅

            stompClient.subscribe('/user/queue/chat/newMsg', function (greeting) {

                console.log("/chat/newMsg" + greeting);

                $("#showMessage").append("<p>"+JSON.parse(greeting.body).message+"</p>")

                //showGreeting(JSON.parse(greeting.body).content);

            });

            //访客消息响应订阅

            stompClient.subscribe('/user/queue/chat/msgResponse', function (greeting) {

                alert("收到信息");

            });

            //关闭订阅消息

            stompClient.subscribe('/user/queue/system/close', function (greeting) {

                var retCode = JSON.parse(greeting.body).retCode;

                if(retCode == "000000"){

                    _evaluate.open();

                    disconnect();

                }

            });

        },function(error){

            var msg = "会话建立失败，请稍候重试！";

            alert(msg);

            setConnected(false);

        });

    }

    function sendName() {

        var name = document.getElementById('name').value;

        stompClient.send("/app/sendMessage", {}, JSON.stringify({ 'name': name }));

    }

    function disconnect() {

        if (stompClient != null) {

            stompClient.disconnect();

        }

        setConnected(false);

        console.log("Disconnected");

    }

    function setConnected(connected) {

        document.getElementById('connect').disabled = connected;

        document.getElementById('disconnect').disabled = !connected;

        document.getElementById('conversationDiv').style.visibility = connected ? 'visible' : 'hidden';

        document.getElementById('response').innerHTML = '';

    }

    function showGreeting(message) {

        var response = document.getElementById('response');

        var p = document.createElement('p');

        p.style.wordWrap = 'break-word';

        p.appendChild(document.createTextNode(message));

        response.appendChild(p);

    }

    /**

     * 获取baseUrl

     * @returns {string}

     */

    function getBaseUrl(){

        var url= window.location.href;

        var num = url.indexOf(projectName);

        var baseUrlStr = url.substring(0,num);

        return baseUrlStr;

    }

</script>

Welcome

${name }

访问此页面

Connect
ConnectAny
Disconnect
you can send message to WebSocketMessageController[ @MessageMapping("/sendMessage") ]
Send
<div id="showMessage">

</div>
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