1. 背景
cglib库的Enhancer在Spring AOP中作为一种生成代理的方式被广泛使用。本文针对Enhancer的用法以实际代码为例作一些介绍。
2. Enhancer是啥
Enhancer是cglib中使用频率很高的一个类,它是一个字节码增强器,可以用来为无接口的类创建代理。它的功能与java自带的Proxy类挺相似的。它会根据某个给定的类创建子类,并且所有非final的方法都带有回调钩子。
2.1 Callback
那么Enhancer使用的Callback具体有哪些呢?下面介绍以下这几种Callback。在cglib中Callback是一个标记接口,Enhancer使用的回调就是cglib中Callback接口的子接口。
2.1.1 Callback-MethodInterceptor
方法拦截器。这个东西和JDK自带的InvocationHandler很类似
Object intercept(Object obj, java.lang.reflect.Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable
这其中MethodProxy proxy参数一般是用来调用原来的对应方法的。比如可以proxy.invokeSuper(obj, args)
。那么为什么不能像InvocationHandler那样用method来调用呢?因为如果用method调用会再次进入拦截器。为了避免这种情况,应该使用接口方法中第四个参数methodProxy调用invokeSuper方法。
public class EnhancerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
enhancer.setSuperclass(Car.class);
enhancer.setCallback(new MethodInterceptor() {
@Override
public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy methodProxy)
throws Throwable {
System.out.println("before");
Object res = methodProxy.invokeSuper(obj, args);
System.out.println("after");
return res;
}
});
Car car = (Car) enhancer.create();
car.print();
}
static class Car {
void print() {
System.out.println("I am a car");
}
}
}
上面的程序会打印:
before
I am a car
after
2.1.2 Callback-NoOp
这个回调相当简单,就是啥都不干的意思。
Callback-LazyLoader
LazyLoader是cglib用于实现懒加载的callback。当被增强bean的方法初次被调用时,会触发回调,之后每次再进行方法调用都是对LazyLoader第一次返回的bean调用。
public class EnhancerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CarFactory factory = new CarFactory();
System.out.println("factory built");
System.out.println(factory.car.getName());
System.out.println(factory.car.getName());
}
static class Car {
String name;
Car() {
}
String getName() {
return name;
}
}
static class CarFactory {
Car car;
CarFactory() {
car = carLazyProxy();
}
Car carLazyProxy() {
Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
enhancer.setSuperclass(Car.class);
enhancer.setCallback(new LazyLoader() {
@Override
public Object loadObject() throws Exception {
System.out.println("prepare loading");
Car car = new Car();
car.name = "this is a car";
System.out.println("after loading");
return car;
}
});
return ((Car) enhancer.create());
}
}
}
上面的程序打印情况如下:
factory built
prepare loading
after loading
this is a car
this is a car
2.1.3 Callback-Dispatcher
Dispatcher和LazyLoader作用很相似,区别是用Dispatcher的话每次对增强bean进行方法调用都会触发回调。
public class EnhancerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CarFactory factory = new CarFactory();
System.out.println("factory built");
System.out.println(factory.car.getName());
System.out.println(factory.car.getName());
}
static class Car {
String name;
Car() {
}
String getName() {
return name;
}
}
static class CarFactory {
Car car;
CarFactory() {
car = carLazyProxy();
}
Car carLazyProxy() {
Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
enhancer.setSuperclass(Car.class);
enhancer.setCallback(new Dispatcher() {
@Override
public Object loadObject() throws Exception {
System.out.println("prepare loading");
Car car = new Car();
car.name = "this is a car";
System.out.println("after loading");
return car;
}
});
return ((Car) enhancer.create());
}
}
}
程序会打印:
factory built
prepare loading
after loading
this is a car
prepare loading
after loading
this is a car
2.1.4 Callback-InvocationHandler
cglib的InvocationHandler和JDK自带的InvocationHandler作用基本相同。使用的时候要注意,如果对参数中的method再次调用,会重复进入InvocationHandler。
public class EnhancerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
enhancer.setSuperclass(Car.class);
enhancer.setCallback(new InvocationHandler() {
@Override
public Object invoke(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
if (method.getReturnType() == void.class) {
System.out.println("hack");
}
return null;
}
});
Car car = (Car) enhancer.create();
car.print();
}
static class Car {
void print() {
System.out.println("I am a car");
}
}
}
上面的程序会打印:
hack
2.1.5 Callback-FixedValue
FixedValue一般用于替换方法的返回值为回调方法的返回值,但必须保证返回类型是兼容的,否则会出转换异常。
public class EnhancerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
enhancer.setSuperclass(Car.class);
enhancer.setCallback(new FixedValue() {
@Override
public Object loadObject() throws Exception {
return "hack!";
}
});
Car car = (Car) enhancer.create();
System.out.println(car.print1());
System.out.println(car.print2());
}
static class Car {
String print1() {
return "car1";
}
String print2() {
return "car2";
}
}
}
上面的代码会打印:
hack!
hack!
2.2 CallbackFilter
上面已经介绍了Enhancer的几种常见callback,这里再介绍一下CallbackFilter。
上面都是为增强bean配置了一种代理callback,但是当需要作一些定制化的时候,CallbackFilter就派上用处了。
当通过设置CallbackFilter增强bean之后,bean中原方法都会根据设置的filter与一个特定的callback映射。我们通常会使用cglib中CallbackFilter的默认实现CallbackHelper,它的getCallbacks方法可以返回生成的callback数组。
下面是CallbackFilter的demo程序。
public class EnhancerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
enhancer.setSuperclass(Car.class);
CallbackHelper helper = new CallbackHelper(Car.class,new Class[0]) {
@Override
protected Object getCallback(Method method) {
if (method.getReturnType() == void.class) {
return new MethodInterceptor() {
@Override
public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy methodProxy)
throws Throwable {
System.out.println("before invocation");
Object res = methodProxy.invokeSuper(obj, args);
System.out.println("after invocation");
return res;
}
};
} else if (method.getReturnType() == String.class) {
return new FixedValue() {
@Override
public Object loadObject() throws Exception {
return "a hacked car";
}
};
} else return NoOp.INSTANCE;
}
};
enhancer.setCallbacks(helper.getCallbacks());
enhancer.setCallbackFilter(helper);
Car car = (Car) enhancer.create();
car.print();
System.out.println(car.getId());
System.out.println(car.getName());
}
static class Car {
static int index = 0;
int id;
Car() {
id = index++;
}
String getName() {
return "car";
}
int getId() {
return id;
}
void print() {
System.out.println("I am a car");
}
}
}
程序将打印:
before invocation
I am a car
after invocation
0
a hacked car
我们可以看看CallbackHelper的源码在做什么事情:
public CallbackHelper(Class superclass, Class[] interfaces)
{
List methods = new ArrayList();
Enhancer.getMethods(superclass, interfaces, methods);
Map indexes = new HashMap();
for (int i = 0, size = methods.size(); i < size; i++) {
Method method = (Method)methods.get(i);
// getCallback就是我们编写的根据method返回callback的策略方法。
Object callback = getCallback(method);
if (callback == null)
throw new IllegalStateException("getCallback cannot return null");
boolean isCallback = callback instanceof Callback;
if (!(isCallback || (callback instanceof Class)))
throw new IllegalStateException("getCallback must return a Callback or a Class");
if (i > 0 && ((callbacks.get(i - 1) instanceof Callback) ^ isCallback))
throw new IllegalStateException("getCallback must return a Callback or a Class consistently for every Method");
// 从callback与编号的map中获取编号。
Integer index = (Integer)indexes.get(callback);
// 如果map中没有对应callback,则插入到map中。
if (index == null) {
index = new Integer(callbacks.size());
indexes.put(callback, index);
}
// 维护bean的method与callback编号的映射。
methodMap.put(method, index);
// 维护callback列表。
callbacks.add(callback);
}
}
可以看到在CallbackHelper源码中也是维护了一个methodMap用于保存method和callback编号的映射,一个callbacks用于保存callback集合(方便getCallbacks方法导出)。