两者均需 import os
(1) os.system
# 仅仅在一个子终端运行系统命令，而不能获取命令执行后的返回信息
system(command) -> exit_status
Execute the command (a string) in a subshell.
# 如果再命令行下执行，结果直接打印出来
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04101419778.CHM bash document media py-django video
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11.wmv books downloads Pictures python
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4 |
all-20061022 Desktop Examples project tools
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(2) os.popen
# 该方法不但执行命令还返回执行后的信息对象
popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe
Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.
例如：
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>>>tmp = os.popen('ls *.py').readlines()
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['dump_db_pickle.py ',
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'dump_db_pickle_recs.py ',
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'make_db_pickle_recs.py ',
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'peopleinteract_query.py ',
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'update_db_pickle.py ',
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好处在于：将返回的结果赋于一变量，便于程序的处理。
(3) 使用模块subprocess
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>>> subprocess.call (["cmd", "arg1", "arg2"],shell=True)
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获取返回和输出:
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p = subprocess.Popen('ls', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
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for line in p.stdout.readlines():
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(4) 使用模块commands模块
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['__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'getoutput', 'getstatus','getstatusoutput', 'mk2arg', 'mkarg']
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>>> commands.getoutput("date")
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'Wed Jun 10 19:39:57 CST 2009' |
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>>> commands.getstatusoutput("date")
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(0, 'Wed Jun 10 19:40:41 CST 2009')
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注意： 当执行命令的参数或者返回中包含了中文文字，那么建议使用subprocess，如果使用os.popen则会出现下面的错误:
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Traceback (most recent call last): |
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File "./test1.py", line 56, in <module>
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File "./test1.py", line 45, in main
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File "./mailfax/Fax.py", line 13, in sendFax
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8 |
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 46-52: ordinal not inrange(128)
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关于本文更多的延伸阅读地址：
http://zh-cn.how-to.mobi/index.php?id=89228
http://www.javaeye.com/topic/406623