简介
LNMT=Linux+Nginx+MySQL+Tomcat；
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器；
在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选；
架构需求
Tomcat实现JSP动态请求解析的基本架构
说明：由后端Tomcat负责解析动态jsp请求，但为了提高响应性能，在同一主机内配置Nginx做反向代理，转发所有请求至tomcat即可；
完整的LNMT架构设计
说明：本篇博客主要讲解单台Haproxy到后端多台Tomcat服务器的实现；
安装配置
Tomcat安装配置
安装JDK
# rpm -ivh jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm
# vi /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
# . /etc/profile.d/java.sh
安装Tomcat
# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# cd /usr/local/
# ln -sv apache-tomcat-7.0.42/ tomcat
# vi /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
# 编写服务脚本
# vi /etc/init.d/tomcat
#!/bin/sh
# Tomcat init script for Linux.
#
# chkconfig: 2345 96 14
# description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container.
# JAVA_OPTS=‘-Xms64m -Xmx128m‘
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME
case $1 in
start)
exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;;
stop)
exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop;;
restart)
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop
sleep 2
exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;;
*)
echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|restart}"
exit 1
;;
esac
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/tomcat
配置Tomcat
# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf
# vi server.xml
<?xml version=‘1.0‘ encoding=‘utf-8‘?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
<GlobalNamingResources>
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
description="User database that can be updated and saved"
factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources>
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector port="9000" protocol="HTTP/1.1" # 配置HTTP连接器监听9000端口
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com" appBase="webapps" # 新增Host，配置相应的Context
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Context path="" docBase="lnmmpapp" /> # 配置的应用程序目录是webapps/lnmmpapp
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="lnmmp_access_log." suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
</Host>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
# 创建应用程序相关目录
# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
# mkdir -pv lnmmpapp/WEB-INF/{classes,lib}
# cd lnmmpapp
# vi index.jsp # 编写首页文件
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>Tomcat1</title></head># 在Tomcat2主机上替换为Tomcat2
<body>
<h1><font color="red">Tomcat1.lnmmp.com</font></h1># 在Tomcat2主机上替换为Tomcat2.lnmmp.com，color修改为blue
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("lnmmp.com","lnmmp.com"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
启动Tomcat服务
chkconfig --add tomcat service tomcat start
Nginx配置
Nginx安装详见博文“如何测试Nginx的高性能”
配置Nginx
# vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes 2;
error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx.error.log;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
fastcgi_cache_path /www/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=fcgicache:10m inactive=5m;
server { # 处理前端发来的图片请求；
listen 4040;
server_name xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/nginx-img.access.log main;
root /www/lnmmp.com;
valid_referers none blocked xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com *.lnmmp.com; # 配置一定的反盗链策略；
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com/404.html;
}
}
server {
listen 80; # 处理前端发来的静态请求；
server_name xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/nginx-static.access.log main;
location / {
root /www/lnmmp.com;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
gzip on; # 对静态文件开启压缩传输功能；
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml;
gzip_disable msie6;
}
server {
listen 8080;
server_name xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/nginx-tomcat.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9000; # 将全部动态请求都转发至后端tomcat
}
}
}
启动服务
service nginx start
Haproxy安装配置
# yum -y install haproxy
# vi /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 30000
listen stats # 配置haproxy的状态信息页面
mode http
bind 0.0.0.0:1080
stats enable
stats hide-version
stats uri /haproxyadmin?stats
stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics
stats auth admin:admin
stats admin if TRUE
frontend http-in
bind *:80
mode http
log global
option httpclose
option logasap
option dontlognull
capture request header Host len 20
capture request header Referer len 60
acl url_img path_beg -i /images
acl url_img path_end -i .jpg .jpeg .gif .png
acl url_dynamic path_end -i .jsp .do
use_backend img_servers if url_img # 图片请求发送至图片服务器；
use_backend dynamic_servers if url_dynamic # JSP动态请求发送至Tomcat服务器；
default_backend static_servers # 其余静态请求都发送至静态服务器；
backend img_servers
balance roundrobin
server img-srv1 192.168.0.25:4040 check maxconn 6000
server img-srv2 192.168.0.35:4040 check maxconn 6000
backend static_servers
cookie node insert nocache
option httpchk HEAD /health_check.html
server static-srv1 192.168.0.25:80 check maxconn 6000 cookie static-srv1
server static-srv2 192.168.0.35:80 check maxconn 6000 cookie static-srv2
backend dynamic_servers
balance roundrobin
server tomcat1 192.168.0.25:8080 check maxconn 1000
server tomcat2 192.168.0.35:8080 check maxconn 1000
启动服务
service haproxy start
本地DNS解析设置
xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com A 172.16.25.109 # 配置为haproxy的IP地址即可
访问验证
说明：由于前端Haproxy调度动态请求是roundrobin算法，故每次刷新都会轮询分配到不同的Tomcat节点上，且每次获得的session都是不一样的；
实现session绑定
将同一用户的请求调度至后端同一台Tomcat上，不至于一刷新就导致session丢失；
修改Tomcat配置
# vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml # 修改如下行内容，添加jvmRoute字段 <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1"> # 在Tomcat2上替换为tomcat2
修改Haproxy配置
# vi /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg # 为后端动态节点添加cookie绑定机制
backend dynamic_servers
cookie node insert nocache
balance roundrobin
server tomcat1 192.168.0.25:8080 check maxconn 1000 cookie tomcat1
server tomcat2 192.168.0.35:8080 check maxconn 1000 cookie tomcat1
访问验证
说明：当第一次访问成功后，再次刷新并不会改变分配的Tomcat节点和session信息，说明session绑定成功；
实现session保持
Tomcat支持Session集群，可在各Tomcat服务器间复制全部session信息，当后端一台Tomcat服务器宕机后，Haproxy重新调度用户请求后，在其它正常的Tomcat服务上依然存在用户原先的session信息；
Session集群可在Tomcat服务器规模(一般10台以下)不大时使用，否则会导致复制代价过高；
配置实现
# vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml # 完整配置
<?xml version=‘1.0‘ encoding=‘utf-8‘?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
<GlobalNamingResources>
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
description="User database that can be updated and saved"
factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources>
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector port="9000" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1"># 在Tomcat2主机上替换为tomcat2
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" # 添加集群相关配置；
channelSendOptions="8">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" # 集群会话管理器选择DeltaManager；
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"> # 为集群中的几点定义通信信道；
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" # 定义使用McastService确定集群中的成员
address="228.25.25.4" # 集群内session复制所用的多播地址
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" # 定义以NioReceiver方式接收其它节点的数据；
address="192.168.0.25"# 在Tomcat2主机上替换为192.168.0.35
port="4000"
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6"/>
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"> # 定义数据复制的发送器；
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
</Channel>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Context path="" docBase="lnmmpapp" />
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="lnmmp_access_log." suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
</Host>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/lnmmpapp/WEB-INF/
# cp /usr/local/tomcat/conf/web.xml .
# vi web.xml # 添加如下一行，无需放置于任何容器中
<distributable\>
查看日志
# tailf /usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out
May 08, 2014 11:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster memberAdded
INFO: Replication member added:org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.MemberImpl[tcp://{192, 168, 0, 35}:4000,{192, 168, 0, 35},4000, alive=1029, securePort=-1, UDP Port=-1, id={106 35 -62 -54 -28 61 74 -98 -86 -11 -69 104 28 -114 32 -69 }, payload={}, command={}, domain={}, ]
# 查看到如上信息，则说明session集群已生效，tomcat1已检测到tomcat2节点的存在
访问验证
第一次访问
然后停止tomcat1的nginx服务(service nginx stop)，再次访问
说明：虽然因为tomcat1故障，导致用户请求被调度到了tomcat2节点上，但Session ID并未发生改变，即session集群内的所有节点都保存有全局的session信息，很好的实现了用户访问的不中断；，
本文出自 “小小忍者” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://xxrenzhe.blog.51cto.com/4036116/1408680