1. 多进程爬虫
对于数据量较大的爬虫，对数据的处理要求较高时，可以采用python多进程或多线程的机制完成，多进程是指分配多个CPU处理程序，同一时刻只有一个CPU在工作，多线程是指进程内部有多个类似"子进程"同时在协同工作。python中有多种多个模块可完成多进程和多线程的工作，此处此用multiprocessing模块完成多线程爬虫，测试过程中发现，由于站点具有反爬虫机制，当url地址和进程数目较多时，爬虫会报错。
2. 代码内容
#!/usr/bin/python
#_*_ coding:utf _*_ import re
import time
import requests
from multiprocessing import Pool duanzi_list = [] def get_web_html(url):
'''
@params:获取url地址web站点的html数据
'''
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
try:
req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
if req.status_code == 200:
response = req.text.encode('utf8')
except Exception as e:
print e
return response def scrap_qiushi_info(url):
'''
@params:url,获取段子数据信息
'''
html = get_web_html(url)
usernames = re.findall(r'<h2>(.*?)</h2>',html,re.S|re.M)
levels = re.findall('<div class="articleGender \w*Icon">(\d+)</div>',html,re.S|re.M)
laugh_counts = re.findall('<span class="stats-vote">.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',html,re.S|re.M)
comment_counts = re.findall('<i class="number">(\d+)</i> 评论',html,re.S|re.M)
contents = re.findall('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>',html,re.S|re.M)
for username,level,laugh_count,comment_count,content in zip(usernames,levels,laugh_counts,comment_counts,contents):
information = {
"username": username.strip(),
"level": level.strip(),
"laugh_count": laugh_count.strip(),
"comment_count": comment_count.strip(),
"content": content.strip()
}
duanzi_list.append(information)
time.sleep(1)
return duanzi_list def normal_scapper(url_lists):
'''
定义调用函数，使用普通的爬虫函数爬取数据
'''
begin_time = time.time()
for url in url_lists:
scrap_qiushi_info(url)
end_time = time.time()
print "普通爬虫一共耗费时长:%f" % (end_time - begin_time) def muti_process_scapper(url_lists,process_num=2):
'''
定义多进程爬虫调用函数，使用mutiprocessing模块爬取web数据
'''
begin_time = time.time()
pool = Pool(processes=process_num)
pool.map(scrap_qiushi_info,url_lists)
end_time = time.time()
print "%d个进程爬虫爬取所耗费时长为:%s" % (process_num,(end_time - begin_time)) def main():
'''
定义main()函数，程序入口，通过列表推倒式获取url地址，调用爬虫函数
'''
url_lists = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}'.format(i) for i in range(1,11)]
normal_scapper(url_lists)
muti_process_scapper(url_lists,process_num=2) if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
3. 爬取的数据存入到MongoDB数据库
#!/usr/bin/python
#_*_ coding:utf _*_ import re
import time
import json
import requests
import pymongo
from multiprocessing import Pool duanzi_list = [] def get_web_html(url):
'''
@params:获取url地址web站点的html数据
'''
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
try:
req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
if req.status_code == 200:
response = req.text.encode('utf8')
except Exception as e:
print e
return response def scrap_qiushi_info(url):
'''
@params:url,获取段子数据信息
'''
html = get_web_html(url)
usernames = re.findall(r'<h2>(.*?)</h2>',html,re.S|re.M)
levels = re.findall('<div class="articleGender \w*Icon">(\d+)</div>',html,re.S|re.M)
laugh_counts = re.findall('<span class="stats-vote">.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',html,re.S|re.M)
comment_counts = re.findall('<i class="number">(\d+)</i> 评论',html,re.S|re.M)
contents = re.findall('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>',html,re.S|re.M)
for username,level,laugh_count,comment_count,content in zip(usernames,levels,laugh_counts,comment_counts,contents):
information = {
"username": username.strip(),
"level": level.strip(),
"laugh_count": laugh_count.strip(),
"comment_count": comment_count.strip(),
"content": content.strip()
}
duanzi_list.append(information)
return duanzi_list def write_into_mongo(datas):
'''
@datas: 需要插入到mongoDB的数据，封装为字典,通过遍历的方式将数据插入到mongoDB中，insert_one()表示一次插入一条数据
'''
client = pymongo.MongoClient('localhost',27017)
duanzi = client['duanzi_db']
duanzi_info = duanzi['duanzi_info']
for data in datas:
duanzi_info.insert_one(data) def query_data_from_mongo():
'''
查询mongoDB中的数据
'''
client = pymongo.MongoClient('localhost',27017)['duanzi_db']['duanzi_info']
for data in client.find():
print data
print "一共查询到%d条数据" % (client.find().count()) def main():
'''
定义main()函数，程序入口，通过列表推倒式获取url地址，调用爬虫函数
'''
url_lists = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}'.format(i) for i in range(1,11)]
for url in url_lists:
scrap_qiushi_info(url)
time.sleep(1)
write_into_mongo(duanzi_list) if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
#query_data_from_mongo()
4. 插入至MySQL数据库
将爬虫获取的数据插入到关系性数据库MySQL数据库中作为永久数据存储，首先需要在MySQL数据库中创建库和表，如下：
1. 创建库
MariaDB [(none)]> create database qiushi;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) 2. 使用库
MariaDB [(none)]> use qiushi;
Database changed 3. 创建表格
MariaDB [qiushi]> create table qiushi_info(id int(32) unsigned primary key auto_increment,username varchar(64) not null,level int default 0,laugh_count int default 0,comment_count int default 0,content text default '')engine=InnoDB charset='UTF8';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.06 sec) MariaDB [qiushi]> show create table qiushi_info;
+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| qiushi_info | CREATE TABLE `qiushi_info` (
`id` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
`level` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
`laugh_count` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
`comment_count` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
`content` text,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
写入到MySQL数据库中的代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/python
#_*_ coding:utf _*_
#blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudlab/ import re
import time
import pymysql
import requests duanzi_list = [] def get_web_html(url):
'''
@params:获取url地址web站点的html数据
'''
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
try:
req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
if req.status_code == 200:
response = req.text.encode('utf8')
except Exception as e:
print e
return response def scrap_qiushi_info(url):
'''
@params:url,获取段子数据信息
'''
html = get_web_html(url)
usernames = re.findall(r'<h2>(.*?)</h2>',html,re.S|re.M)
levels = re.findall('<div class="articleGender \w*Icon">(\d+)</div>',html,re.S|re.M)
laugh_counts = re.findall('<span class="stats-vote">.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',html,re.S|re.M)
comment_counts = re.findall('<i class="number">(\d+)</i> 评论',html,re.S|re.M)
contents = re.findall('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>',html,re.S|re.M)
for username,level,laugh_count,comment_count,content in zip(usernames,levels,laugh_counts,comment_counts,contents):
information = {
"username": username.strip(),
"level": level.strip(),
"laugh_count": laugh_count.strip(),
"comment_count": comment_count.strip(),
"content": content.strip()
}
duanzi_list.append(information)
return duanzi_list def write_into_mysql(datas):
'''
@params: datas，将爬虫获取的数据写入到MySQL数据库中
'''
try:
conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='',db='qiushi',charset='utf8')
cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
for data in datas:
data_list = (data['username'],int(data['level']),int(data['laugh_count']),int(data['comment_count']),data['content'])
sql = "INSERT INTO qiushi_info(username,level,laugh_count,comment_count,content) VALUES('%s',%s,%s,%s,'%s')" %(data_list)
cursor.execute(sql)
conn.commit()
except Exception as e:
print e
cursor.close()
conn.close() def main():
'''
定义main()函数，程序入口，通过列表推倒式获取url地址，调用爬虫函数
'''
url_lists = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}'.format(i) for i in range(1,11)]
for url in url_lists:
scrap_qiushi_info(url)
time.sleep(1)
write_into_mysql(duanzi_list) if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
5. 将爬虫数据写入到CSV文件
CSV文件是以逗号,形式分割的文本读写方式，能够通过纯文本或者Excel方式读取，是一种常见的数据存储方式，此处将爬取的数据存入到CSV文件内。
将数据存入到CSV文件代码内容如下：
#!/usr/bin/python
#_*_ coding:utf _*_
#blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudlab/ import re
import csv
import time
import requests duanzi_list = [] def get_web_html(url):
'''
@params:获取url地址web站点的html数据
'''
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
try:
req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
if req.status_code == 200:
response = req.text.encode('utf8')
except Exception as e:
print e
return response def scrap_qiushi_info(url):
'''
@params:url,获取段子数据信息
'''
html = get_web_html(url)
usernames = re.findall(r'<h2>(.*?)</h2>',html,re.S|re.M)
levels = re.findall('<div class="articleGender \w*Icon">(\d+)</div>',html,re.S|re.M)
laugh_counts = re.findall('<span class="stats-vote">.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',html,re.S|re.M)
comment_counts = re.findall('<i class="number">(\d+)</i> 评论',html,re.S|re.M)
contents = re.findall('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>',html,re.S|re.M)
for username,level,laugh_count,comment_count,content in zip(usernames,levels,laugh_counts,comment_counts,contents):
information = {
"username": username.strip(),
"level": level.strip(),
"laugh_count": laugh_count.strip(),
"comment_count": comment_count.strip(),
"content": content.strip()
}
duanzi_list.append(information)
return duanzi_list def write_into_csv(datas,filename):
'''
@datas: 需要写入csv文件的数据内容，是一个列表
@params:filename,需要写入到目标文件的csv文件名
'''
with file(filename,'w+') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
writer.writerow(('username','level','laugh_count','comment_count','content'))
for data in datas:
writer.writerow((data['username'],data['level'],data['laugh_count'],data['comment_count'],data['content'])) def main():
'''
定义main()函数，程序入口，通过列表推倒式获取url地址，调用爬虫函数
'''
url_lists = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}'.format(i) for i in range(1,11)]
for url in url_lists:
scrap_qiushi_info(url)
time.sleep(1)
write_into_csv(duanzi_list,'/root/duanzi_info.csv') if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
6. 将爬取数据写入到文本文件中
#!/usr/bin/python
#_*_ coding:utf _*_
#blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudlab/ import re
import csv
import time
import requests duanzi_list = [] def get_web_html(url):
'''
@params:获取url地址web站点的html数据
'''
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0"}
try:
req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
if req.status_code == 200:
response = req.text.encode('utf8')
except Exception as e:
print e
return response def scrap_qiushi_info(url):
'''
@params:url,获取段子数据信息
'''
html = get_web_html(url)
usernames = re.findall(r'<h2>(.*?)</h2>',html,re.S|re.M)
levels = re.findall('<div class="articleGender \w*Icon">(\d+)</div>',html,re.S|re.M)
laugh_counts = re.findall('<span class="stats-vote">.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',html,re.S|re.M)
comment_counts = re.findall('<i class="number">(\d+)</i> 评论',html,re.S|re.M)
contents = re.findall('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>',html,re.S|re.M)
for username,level,laugh_count,comment_count,content in zip(usernames,levels,laugh_counts,comment_counts,contents):
information = {
"username": username.strip(),
"level": level.strip(),
"laugh_count": laugh_count.strip(),
"comment_count": comment_count.strip(),
"content": content.strip()
}
duanzi_list.append(information)
return duanzi_list def write_into_files(datas,filename):
'''
定义数据存入写文件的函数
@params:datas需要写入的数据
@filename:将数据写入到指定的文件名
'''
print "开始写入文件.."
with file(filename,'w+') as f:
f.write("用户名" + "\t" + "用户等级" + "\t" + "笑话数" + "\t" + "评论数" + "\t" + "段子内容" + "\n")
for data in datas:
f.write(data['username'] + "\t" + \
data['level'] + "\t" + \
data['laugh_count'] + "\t" + \
data['comment_count'] + "\t" + \
data['content'] + "\n" + "\n"
) def main():
'''
定义main()函数，程序入口，通过列表推倒式获取url地址，调用爬虫函数
'''
url_lists = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}'.format(i) for i in range(1,11)]
for url in url_lists:
scrap_qiushi_info(url)
time.sleep(1)
write_into_files(duanzi_list,'/root/duanzi.txt') if __name__ == "__main__":
main()