一、TensorFlow介绍

1、简介

  TensorFlow是一个基于数据流编程（dataflow programming）的符号数学系统，被广泛应用于各类机器学习（machine learning）算法的编程实现，其前身是谷歌的神经网络算法库DistBelief 。Tensorflow拥有多层级结构，可部署于各类服务器、PC终端和网页并支持GPU和TPU高性能数值计算，被广泛应用于谷歌内部的产品开发和各领域的科学研究 。TensorFlow由谷歌人工智能团队谷歌大脑（Google Brain）开发和维护，拥有包括TensorFlow Hub、TensorFlow Lite、TensorFlow Research Cloud在内的多个项目以及各类应用程序接口（Application Programming Interface, API）。自2015年11月9日起，TensorFlow依据阿帕奇授权协议（Apache 2.0 open source license）开放源代码 。

2、TensorFlow 支持的系统

  以下 64 位系统上测试过 TensorFlow 并且这些系统支持 TensorFlow：

• Python 3.5–3.8
• Ubuntu 16.04 或更高版本
• Windows 7 或更高版本（含 C++ 可再发行软件包）
• macOS 10.12.6 (Sierra) 或更高版本（不支持 GPU）
• Raspbian 9.0 或更高版本

二、安装步骤

1、检查确认python版本

root@ubuntuvm:~# python3 -V
Python 3.8.5

2、安装venv模块

root@ubuntuvm:/home# apt install python3-venv python3-dev
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dbg libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.8-dev linux-libc-dev manpages-dev python-pip-whl
python3-distutils python3.8-dev python3.8-venv zlib1g zlib1g-dev
Suggested packages:
glibc-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.8-dev linux-libc-dev manpages-dev python-pip-whl python3-dev
python3-distutils python3-venv python3.8-dev python3.8-venv zlib1g-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
libc6 libc6-dbg zlib1g
3 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 233 not upgraded.
Need to get 21.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 56.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

3、创建项目目录

bdsc@ubuntuvm:~$ mkdir mytensorflow
bdsc@ubuntuvm:~$ cd mytensorflow/

4、创建虚拟环境

bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ python3 -m venv tenf

5、激活虚拟环境

bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ source tenf/bin/activate
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$

6、升级pip

(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 -V
pip 20.0.2 from /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
Downloading pip-21.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 1.5 MB 1.0 MB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Attempting uninstall: pip
Found existing installation: pip 20.0.2
Uninstalling pip-20.0.2:
Successfully uninstalled pip-20.0.2
Successfully installed pip-21.0
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 -V
pip 21.0 from /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)

7、安装tensorflow

(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 install tensorflow
Collecting tensorflow
Downloading tensorflow-2.4.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (394.4 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 394.4 MB 4.9 kB/s

Collecting tensorflow-estimator<2.5.0,>=2.4.0
Downloading tensorflow_estimator-2.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (462 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 462 kB 24 kB/s
Collecting astunparse~=1.6.3
Downloading astunparse-1.6.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (12 kB)
Collecting protobuf>=3.9.2
Downloading protobuf-3.14.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (1.0 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 1.0 MB 35 kB/s
Collecting gast==0.3.3
Downloading gast-0.3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.7 kB)
Collecting flatbuffers~=1.12.0
Downloading flatbuffers-1.12-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
Collecting absl-py~=0.10
Downloading absl_py-0.11.0-py3-none-any.whl (127 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 127 kB 52 kB/s
Collecting wheel~=0.35
Downloading wheel-0.36.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kB)
Collecting termcolor~=1.1.0
Downloading termcolor-1.1.0.tar.gz (3.9 kB)
Collecting wrapt~=1.12.1
Downloading wrapt-1.12.1.tar.gz (27 kB)
Collecting grpcio~=1.32.0
Downloading grpcio-1.32.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (3.8 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 3.8 MB 35 kB/s
Collecting six~=1.15.0
Downloading six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)
Collecting typing-extensions~=3.7.4
Downloading typing_extensions-3.7.4.3-py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)
Collecting tensorboard~=2.4
Downloading tensorboard-2.4.1-py3-none-any.whl (10.6 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 10.6 MB 46 kB/s
Collecting keras-preprocessing~=1.1.2
Downloading Keras_Preprocessing-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (42 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 42 kB 43 kB/s
Collecting h5py~=2.10.0
Downloading h5py-2.10.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.9 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 2.9 MB 46 kB/s
Collecting opt-einsum~=3.3.0
Downloading opt_einsum-3.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (65 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 65 kB 45 kB/s
Collecting google-pasta~=0.2
Downloading google_pasta-0.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (57 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 57 kB 26 kB/s
Collecting numpy~=1.19.2
Downloading numpy-1.19.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (14.9 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 14.9 MB 65 kB/s
Collecting markdown>=2.6.8
Downloading Markdown-3.3.3-py3-none-any.whl (96 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 96 kB 66 kB/s
Collecting google-auth-oauthlib<0.5,>=0.4.1
Downloading google_auth_oauthlib-0.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting werkzeug>=0.11.15
Downloading Werkzeug-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (298 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 298 kB 44 kB/s
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=41.0.0 in ./tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from tensorboard~=2.4->tensorflow) (44.0.0)
Collecting tensorboard-plugin-wit>=1.6.0
Downloading tensorboard_plugin_wit-1.8.0-py3-none-any.whl (781 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 781 kB 43 kB/s
Collecting requests<3,>=2.21.0
Downloading requests-2.25.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (61 kB)
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Collecting google-auth<2,>=1.6.3
Downloading google_auth-1.24.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (114 kB)
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Collecting rsa<5,>=3.1.4
Downloading rsa-4.7-py3-none-any.whl (34 kB)
Collecting pyasn1-modules>=0.2.1
Downloading pyasn1_modules-0.2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (155 kB)
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Collecting cachetools<5.0,>=2.0.0
Downloading cachetools-4.2.1-py3-none-any.whl (12 kB)
Collecting requests-oauthlib>=0.7.0
Downloading requests_oauthlib-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (23 kB)
Collecting pyasn1<0.5.0,>=0.4.6
Downloading pyasn1-0.4.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (77 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 77 kB 42 kB/s
Collecting chardet<5,>=3.0.2
Downloading chardet-4.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (178 kB)
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Collecting idna<3,>=2.5
Downloading idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)
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Collecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1
Downloading urllib3-1.26.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (136 kB)
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Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
Downloading certifi-2020.12.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kB)
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Collecting oauthlib>=3.0.0
Downloading oauthlib-3.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 147 kB 36 kB/s
Using legacy ‘setup.py install’ for termcolor, since package ‘wheel’ is not installed.
Using legacy ‘setup.py install’ for wrapt, since package ‘wheel’ is not installed.
Installing collected packages: urllib3, pyasn1, idna, chardet, certifi, six, rsa, requests, pyasn1-modules, oauthlib, cachetools, requests-oauthlib, google-auth, wheel, werkzeug, tensorboard-plugin-wit, protobuf, numpy, markdown, grpcio, google-auth-oauthlib, absl-py, wrapt, typing-extensions, termcolor, tensorflow-estimator, tensorboard, opt-einsum, keras-preprocessing, h5py, google-pasta, gast, flatbuffers, astunparse, tensorflow
Running setup.py install for wrapt … done
Running setup.py install for termcolor … done
Successfully installed absl-py-0.11.0 astunparse-1.6.3 cachetools-4.2.1 certifi-2020.12.5 chardet-4.0.0 flatbuffers-1.12 gast-0.3.3 google-auth-1.24.0 google-auth-oauthlib-0.4.2 google-pasta-0.2.0 grpcio-1.32.0 h5py-2.10.0 idna-2.10 keras-preprocessing-1.1.2 markdown-3.3.3 numpy-1.19.5 oauthlib-3.1.0 opt-einsum-3.3.0 protobuf-3.14.0 pyasn1-0.4.8 pyasn1-modules-0.2.8 requests-2.25.1 requests-oauthlib-1.3.0 rsa-4.7 six-1.15.0 tensorboard-2.4.1 tensorboard-plugin-wit-1.8.0 tensorflow-2.4.1 tensorflow-estimator-2.4.0 termcolor-1.1.0 typing-extensions-3.7.4.3 urllib3-1.26.2 werkzeug-1.0.1 wheel-0.36.2 wrapt-1.12.1

8、验证tensoflow是否安装成功

使用如下命令验证，输出版本号说明成功，本次安装版本为2.4.1
#python3 -c ‘import tensorflow as tf; print(tf.version)’

(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ python3 -c ‘import tensorflow as tf; print(tf.version)’
2021-01-26 17:46:00.076231: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:60] Could not load dynamic library ‘libcudart.so.11.0’; dlerror: libcudart.so.11.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
2021-01-26 17:46:00.076402: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cudart_stub.cc:29] Ignore above cudart dlerror if you do not have a GPU set up on your machine.
2.4.1