文章目录
Saltstack进阶
masterless
(无salt-master模式)
应用场景
- master 与 minion 网络不通或通信有延迟,即网络不稳定
- 想在 minion 端直接执行状态
传统的 SaltStack 是需要通过 master 来执行状态控制 minion 从而实现状态的管理,但是当网络不稳定的时候,当想在minion本地执行状态的时候,当在只有一台主机的时候,想执行状态该怎么办呢?这就需要用到 masterless 了。
有了masterless,即使你只有一台主机,也能玩saltstack,而不需要你有N台主机。
masterless配置
修改配置文件minion:
- 注释master行
- 取消注释file_client并设其值为local
- 设置file_roots
- 设置pillar_roots
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
16 #master: salt # 注释掉
17 #master: 192.168.220.9 # 注释掉
......
608 # minion in masterless mode.
609 file_client: local # 取消注释,并将remote改为local
......
615 # Example:
616 file_roots: # 设置file_roots的路径和环境,可有多套环境
617 base:
618 - /srv/salt/base
......
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/base
关闭salt-minion服务
使用 masterless 模式时是不需要启动任何服务的,包括salt-master和salt-minion。
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl disable --now salt-minion
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/salt-minion.service.
salt-call
masterless模式执行模块或状态时需要使用salt-call命令,而不再是salt或者salt-ssh。需要注意的是要使用salt-call的–local选项。
[root@node1 ~]# salt-call --local cmd.run 'uptime'
local:
03:35:29 up 1:28, 3 users, load average: 0.24, 0.10, 0.12
[root@node1 ~]# salt-call --local cmd.run "ls -l /root"
local:
total 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 1023 Sep 24 04:52 anaconda-ks.cfg
salt-master高可用
我们需要用salt来管理公司的所有机器,那么salt的master就不能宕机,否则就会整个瘫痪,所以我们必须要对salt进行高可用。salt的高可用配置非常简单,只需要改一下minion配置文件,将master用列表的形式列出即可。
涉及到高可用时,数据的同步是个永恒的话题,我们必须保证高可用的2个master间使用的数据是一致的,包括:
- /etc/salt/master配置文件
- /etc/salt/pki目录下的所有key
- /srv/下的salt和pillar目录下的所有文件
保障这些数据同步的方案有:
- nfs挂载
- rsync同步
- 使用gitlab进行版本控制
安全相关:
为保证数据的同步与防止丢失,可将状态文件通过gitlab进行版本控制管理。
salt-master高可用实验
环境说明:
主机 | 系统 | IP | 服务 |
---|---|---|---|
master(主) | Centos8 | 192.168.220.9 | salt-master |
master2(备) | Centos8 | 192.168.220.10 | salt-master |
node1 | Centos8 | 192.168.220.17 | salt-minion |
对应主机安装对应服务
官网步骤 Multi Master Tutorial (saltproject.io)
将master上面的/etc/salt/master配置文件复制到master2上保证一致
[root@master2 ~]# scp 192.168.220.9:/etc/salt/master 192.168.220.10:/etc/salt/master
The authenticity of host '192.168.220.9 (192.168.220.9)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ZeQy7MqiTiEdnowRrum5zEWROx4LRrsYwdL8dvgx6N0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.220.9' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.220.9's password:
root@192.168.220.10's password:
master 100% 52KB 45.8MB/s 00:00
Connection to 192.168.220.9 closed.
将master上面的/etc/salt/pki目录下的所有key复制到master2上保证一致
[root@master2 pki]# scp -r 192.168.220.9:/etc/salt/pki/master 192.168.220.10:/etc/salt/pki/
root@192.168.220.9's password:
root@192.168.220.10's password:
node2 100% 451 777.3KB/s 00:00
master.pem 100% 1679 1.6MB/s 00:00
master.pub 100% 451 504.1KB/s 00:00
Connection to 192.168.220.9 closed.
[root@master2 pki]# tree
.
|-- master
| |-- master.pem
| |-- master.pub
| |-- minions
| | `-- node2
| |-- minions_autosign
| |-- minions_denied
| |-- minions_pre
| `-- minions_rejected
`-- minion
7 directories, 3 files
将master上面的/srv/下的salt和pillar目录下的所有文件复制到master2上保证一致
[root@master2 pki]# scp -r 192.168.220.9:/srv/* 192.168.220.10:/srv/
root@192.168.220.9's password:
root@192.168.220.10's password:
php.sls 100% 165 178.7KB/s 00:00 mysql.sls 100% 105 146.7KB/s 00:00 nginx.sls 100% 35 45.0KB/s 00:00 apache.sls 100% 35 39.3KB/s 00:00
.......
启动master2服务
[root@master2 pki]# systemctl start salt-master
配置node1连接master2
[root@node2 pki]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
16 #master: salt
17 master:
18 - 192.168.220.9 # 主
19 - 192.168.220.10 # 备
......
49 # beacons) without a master connection
50 master_type: failover # 取消注释,将str改为failover(故障转移)
......
55 # of TCP connections, such as load balancers.)
56 master_alive_interval: 10 # 默认是30s,故障转移切换时间(以秒为单位),用于检查主服务器是否仍然存在。如果master_type上面是“failover”,那么就会被启用。
......
74 retry_dns: 0 # 设置在尝试解析之前等待的秒数,默认为30秒
# 重启salt-minion
[root@node2 pki]# systemctl restart salt-minion
master ping (此时master2是ping不通node2的,只有当master挂了master2才能ping通)
[root@master pki]# salt node2 test.ping
node2:
True
停掉master上的salt-master,再使用master2 ping node2
# 停掉master上的salt-master
[root@master pki]# systemctl stop salt-master
# 使用master2(备)来ping并查看node1的salt-minion服务状态(ping不通记得多试几次,还需要注意防火墙和selinux)
[root@master2 pki]# salt node2 test.ping
node2:
True
# 查看node1的salt-minion状态
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status salt-minion
● salt-minion.service - The Salt Minion
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-minion.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-11-29 05:40:17 EST; 1min 25s ago
Docs: man:salt-minion(1)
file:///usr/share/doc/salt/html/contents.html
https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/contents.html
Main PID: 239372 (salt-minion)
Tasks: 6 (limit: 11201)
Memory: 83.9M
CGroup: /system.slice/salt-minion.service
├─239372 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
├─239399 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
└─239401 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
Nov 29 05:40:16 node2 systemd[1]: Starting The Salt Minion...
Nov 29 05:40:17 node2 systemd[1]: Started The Salt Minion.
Nov 29 05:40:38 node2 salt-minion[239372]: [WARNING ] Master ip address changed from 192.168.220.9 to 192.168.220.10 # 可以看到已经从192.168.220.9(主)改变到192.168.220.10(备)
# 当然也可以把备停掉,启动主测试ping
# 停掉备
[root@master2 pki]# systemctl stop salt-master
# 启动主并测试ping
[root@master pki]# salt node2 test.ping
node2:
True
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status salt-minion
● salt-minion.service - The Salt Minion
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-minion.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-11-29 06:11:46 EST; 1min 34s ago
Docs: man:salt-minion(1)
file:///usr/share/doc/salt/html/contents.html
https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/contents.html
Main PID: 298440 (salt-minion)
Tasks: 17 (limit: 11201)
Memory: 89.0M
CGroup: /system.slice/salt-minion.service
├─298440 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
├─298466 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
└─298468 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
Nov 29 06:11:46 node2 systemd[1]: Starting The Salt Minion...
Nov 29 06:11:46 node2 systemd[1]: Started The Salt Minion.
Nov 29 06:12:07 node2 salt-minion[298440]: [WARNING ] Master ip address changed from 192.168.220.9 to 192.168.220.10
Nov 29 06:13:09 node2 salt-minion[298440]: [WARNING ] Master ip address changed from 192.168.220.10 to 192.168.220.9
Nov 29 06:13:09 node2 salt-minion[298440]: [WARNING ] Master ip address changed from 192.168.220.10 to 192.168.220.9