Java连载135-JDBC执行SQL操作

一、数据库的基本操作

1.SQL语句四大类:

  • (1)数据查询/操纵/定义/控制语言(DQL/DML/DDL/DCL)
  • (2)增删改查CRUD

2.查询数据

  • 利用Statement实例通过执行静态SELECT语句完成,也可以利用PreparedStatement实例通过执行SELECT语句进行完成,还可以利用CallableStatement实例通过执行存储过程来完成。
  • (1)利用Statement实例通过执行静态SELECT语句查询的代码示例:
String sql = "select * from tb_record where sec=?";
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
PreparedStatement pstmt = con.preparedStatement(sql);
CallableStatement cstmt = con.prepareCall("(CALL demoSp(?,?))");
  • (2)利用PreaparedStatement实例通过执行动态SELECT语句查询数据的代码如下:
String sql = "select * from tb_record where sec=?";
PreparedStatement prpdStmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
prpdStmt.setString(1,"男");
ResultSet rs = prpdStmt.executeQuery();
  • (3) 利用CallableStatement实例通过执行存储过程查询数据的代码示例如下:
String call = "(call pro_record_select_by_sex(?))";
CallableStatement cablStmt = connection.prepareCall(call);
calStmt.setString(1,"男");
ResultSet rs = cablStmt.executeQuery();
  • 无论使用哪种方式,都需要执行executeQuery()方法,这时才是真正开始执行Select语句。
package com.bjpowernode.java_learning;

import java.beans.Statement;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class D135_1_SelectExercise {
	private static final String URL = "jdbc:Access:///e:/xsgl.mdb";
	
	static {
		try {
			Class.forName("com.hxtt.sql.access.AccessDriver");
			
		}catch(ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();//捕获未找到该类的异常信息
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL);
			Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
			String sql = "select * from studentInfo";                //定义静态的SELECT语句
			ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);                   //执行静态的SELECT语句
			while(rs.next()) {
				//遍历结果集,通过next()方法可以判断是否还存在符合条件的记录
				int id = rs.getInt(1);                               //通过列索引获得指定列的值
				String name = re.getString(2);                      
				String sec = rs.getString(3);
				System.out.println(id + " " + name + " " + sex);
			}
			stmt.close();
			conn.close();
		}catch(SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}
  • 上面使用了Statement实例执行了静态SELECT语句,下面我们使用PreparedStatment实例执行动态SELECT语句查询记录
package com.bjpowernode.java_learning;

import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class D135_2_PreparedStatementSQL {
	private static final String URL = "jdbc:Access:///e:/xsgl.mdb";
	static {
		try {
			Class.forName("com.hxtt.sql.access.AccessDriver");
			
		}catch(ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace(); //输出捕获到异常信息
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL);          
			Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(sql);
			String sql = "select * from studentInfo";                  //定义静态Select语句
			PreparedStatement prpdStmt = conn.preparedStatement(sql);  //预处理动态INSERT语句
			ResultSet rs = prpdStmt.executeQuery();                    //执行动态INSERT语句
			ResultSetMetaData metaData  = rs.getMetaData();            //获得ResultSetMetaData类的实例
			System.out.println(metaData.getColumnName(1) + "         ");//通过索引获得指定列的名称
			System.out.println(metaData.getColumnName(2) + "         ");
			System.out.println(meatData.getColumnName(3) + "         ");
			while(rs.next()) {
				int id = rs.getInt(1);                                  //通过索引获得指定列的值
				String name = rs.getString(2);
				String sex = rs.getString(3);
				System.out.println(id + " " + name + " " + sex);
			}
			rs.close();
			prpdStmt.close();
			conn.close();
		}catch(SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

二、源码:

Java连载135-JDBC执行SQL操作

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