JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。 易于人阅读和编写。同时也易于机器解析和生成。 它基于JavaScript Programming Language, Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999的一个子集。 JSON采用完全独立于语言的文本格式，这些特性使JSON成为理想的数据交换语言。
下面介绍四款处理json的java类库：Json-lib、Gson、Jackson、Fastjson
一、Json-lib
JSON-lib is a java library for transforming beans, maps, collections, java arrays and XML to JSON and back again to beans and DynaBeans. 官网：http://json-lib.sourceforge.net/
maven依赖配置：
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
<artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<classifier>jdk15</classifier>
</dependency>
示例：
/**
* 将对象序列化成json字符串
* @param obj
* @return
*/
public static String bean2Json(Object obj){
JSONObject jsonObject=JSONObject.fromObject(obj);
return jsonObject.toString();
} /**
* 将json字符串反序列化为对象
* @param jsonStr
* @param objClass 反序列化为该类的对象
* @return
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr,Class<T> objClass){
return (T)JSONObject.toBean(JSONObject.fromObject(jsonStr), objClass);
}
二、Gson
Gson is a Java library that can be used to convert Java Objects into their JSON representation. It can also be used to convert a JSON string to an equivalent Java object. Gson can work with arbitrary Java objects including pre-existing objects that you do not have source-code of.
官网：https://code.google.com/p/google-gson/
maven依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
示例：
public static String bean2Json(Object obj){
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
return gson.toJson(obj);
}
public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr,Class<T> objClass){
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
return gson.fromJson(jsonStr, objClass);
}
/**
* 把混乱的json字符串整理成缩进的json字符串
* @param uglyJsonStr
* @return
*/
public static String jsonFormatter(String uglyJsonStr){
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create();
JsonParser jp = new JsonParser();
JsonElement je = jp.parse(uglyJsonStr);
String prettyJsonString = gson.toJson(je);
return prettyJsonString;
}
三、Jackson
Jackson is a high-performance JSON processor (parser, generator)。官网：http://jackson.codehaus.org/Home
maven依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.13</version>
</dependency>
示例：
public static String bean2Json(Object obj) throws IOException {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
JsonGenerator gen = new JsonFactory().createJsonGenerator(sw);
mapper.writeValue(gen, obj);
gen.close();
return sw.toString();
}
public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr, Class<T> objClass)
throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
return mapper.readValue(jsonStr, objClass);
}
四、FastJson
Fastjson是一个Java语言编写的JSON处理器,由阿里巴巴公司开发。网址：https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson
maven依赖配置：
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.1.35</version>
</dependency>
示例：
public static String bean2Json(Object obj){
return JSON.toJSONString(obj);
}
public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr,Class<T> objClass){
return JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, objClass);
}
五、性能测试
1、Java对象序列化为Json字符串：
执行100 0000次转换，各个类库的耗时如下：（以秒为单位）
| Gson | 48.891s |
| Json-lib | 311.446s |
| Jackson | 19.439s |
| FastJson | 21.706 |
2、Json字符串 反序列化为Java对象
执行100 0000次转换，各个类库的耗时如下：（以秒为单位）
| Gson | 39.280s |
| Json-lib | 使用该类库的方法进行转换时（测试代码见下面），抛出异常。其原因是Person类的属性：List<Person> friends，其List中的对象不是Person类型的对象，而是net.sf.ezmorph.bean.MorphDynaBean类型的对象。说明，Json-lib对嵌套的自定义类支持的很差，或许是我写的方法有问题。 |
| Jackson | 26.427s |
| FastJson | 40.556 |
3、总结：
Java Bean序列化为Json，性能：Jackson > FastJson > Gson > Json-lib。这4中类库的序列化结构都正确。
Json字符串反序列化为Java Bean时，性能：Jackson > Gson > FastJson >Json-lib。并且Jackson、Gson、FastJson可以很好的支持复杂的嵌套结构定义的类，而Json-lib对于复制的反序列化会出错。
Jackson、FastJson、Gson类库各有优点，各有自己的专长，都具有很高的可用性。
4、测试用例
1）Java Bean
public class Person {
private String name;
private FullName fullName;
private int age;
private Date birthday;
private List<String> hobbies;
private Map<String, String> clothes;
private List<Person> friends;
//getter setter 方法。略
@Override
public String toString() {
String str= "Person [name=" + name + ", fullName=" + fullName + ", age="
+ age + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", hobbies=" + hobbies
+ ", clothes=" + clothes + "]\n";
if(friends!=null){
str+="Friends:\n";
for (Person f : friends) {
str+="\t"+f;
}
}
return str;
}
}
class FullName {
private String firstName;
private String middleName;
private String lastName;
//构造方法、getter setter 方法，略
@Override
public String toString() {
return "[firstName=" + firstName + ", middleName="
+ middleName + ", lastName=" + lastName + "]";
}
}
2）Json-lib、Gson、Jackson、FastJson类库：
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
public class JsonObjectUtil {
public static String bean2Json(Object obj){
JSONObject jsonObject=JSONObject.fromObject(obj);
return jsonObject.toString();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr,Class<T> objClass){
return (T)JSONObject.toBean(JSONObject.fromObject(jsonStr), objClass);
}
}
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser; public class GsonUtil {
private static Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create(); public static String bean2Json(Object obj){
return gson.toJson(obj);
} public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr,Class<T> objClass){
return gson.fromJson(jsonStr, objClass);
} public static String jsonFormatter(String uglyJsonStr){
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create();
JsonParser jp = new JsonParser();
JsonElement je = jp.parse(uglyJsonStr);
String prettyJsonString = gson.toJson(je);
return prettyJsonString;
}
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringWriter; import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonFactory;
import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerator;
import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonParseException;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.JsonMappingException;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper; public class JacksonUtil {
private static ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); public static String bean2Json(Object obj) throws IOException {
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
JsonGenerator gen = new JsonFactory().createJsonGenerator(sw);
mapper.writeValue(gen, obj);
gen.close();
return sw.toString();
} public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr, Class<T> objClass)
throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {
return mapper.readValue(jsonStr, objClass);
}
}
public class FastJsonUtil {
public static String bean2Json(Object obj){
return JSON.toJSONString(obj);
}
public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr,Class<T> objClass){
return JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, objClass);
}
}
3）Java对象序列化为Json字符串 测试类：
public class TestBean2Json {
private Person p;
private Person createAPerson(String name,List<Person> friends) {
Person newPerson=new Person();
newPerson.setName(name);
newPerson.setFullName(new FullName("xxx_first", "xxx_middle", "xxx_last"));
newPerson.setAge(24);
List<String> hobbies=new ArrayList<String>();
hobbies.add("篮球");
hobbies.add("游泳");
hobbies.add("coding");
newPerson.setHobbies(hobbies);
Map<String,String> clothes=new HashMap<String, String>();
clothes.put("coat", "Nike");
clothes.put("trousers", "adidas");
clothes.put("shoes", "安踏");
newPerson.setClothes(clothes);
newPerson.setFriends(friends);
return newPerson;
}
@Before
public void init(){
List<Person> friends=new ArrayList<Person>();
friends.add(createAPerson("小明",null));
friends.add(createAPerson("Tony",null));
friends.add(createAPerson("陈小二",null));
p=createAPerson("邵同学",friends);
}
// @Test
public void testGsonBean2Json(){
System.out.println(GsonUtil.bean2Json(p));
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
GsonUtil.bean2Json(p);
}
}
//@Test
public void testJsonObjectBean2Json(){
System.out.println(JsonlibUtil.bean2Json(p));
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
JsonlibUtil.bean2Json(p);
}
}
// @Test
public void testJacksonBean2Json() throws Exception{
System.out.println(JacksonUtil.bean2Json(p));
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
JacksonUtil.bean2Json(p);
}
}
@Test
public void testFastJsonBean2Json() throws Exception{
System.out.println(FastJsonUtil.bean2Json(p));
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
FastJsonUtil.bean2Json(p);
}
}
}
4）Json字符串 反序列化为Java对象 测试类：
public class TestJson2Bean {
private String jsonStr;
@Before
public void init(){
jsonStr="{\"name\":\"邵同学\",\"fullName\":{\"firstName\":\"xxx_first\",\"middleName\":\"xxx_middle\",\"lastName\":\"xxx_last\"},\"age\":24,\"birthday\":null,\"hobbies\":[\"篮球\",\"游泳\",\"coding\"],\"clothes\":{\"shoes\":\"安踏\",\"trousers\":\"adidas\",\"coat\":\"Nike\"},\"friends\":[{\"name\":\"小明\",\"fullName\":{\"firstName\":\"xxx_first\",\"middleName\":\"xxx_middle\",\"lastName\":\"xxx_last\"},\"age\":24,\"birthday\":null,\"hobbies\":[\"篮球\",\"游泳\",\"coding\"],\"clothes\":{\"shoes\":\"安踏\",\"trousers\":\"adidas\",\"coat\":\"Nike\"},\"friends\":null},{\"name\":\"Tony\",\"fullName\":{\"firstName\":\"xxx_first\",\"middleName\":\"xxx_middle\",\"lastName\":\"xxx_last\"},\"age\":24,\"birthday\":null,\"hobbies\":[\"篮球\",\"游泳\",\"coding\"],\"clothes\":{\"shoes\":\"安踏\",\"trousers\":\"adidas\",\"coat\":\"Nike\"},\"friends\":null},{\"name\":\"陈小二\",\"fullName\":{\"firstName\":\"xxx_first\",\"middleName\":\"xxx_middle\",\"lastName\":\"xxx_last\"},\"age\":24,\"birthday\":null,\"hobbies\":[\"篮球\",\"游泳\",\"coding\"],\"clothes\":{\"shoes\":\"安踏\",\"trousers\":\"adidas\",\"coat\":\"Nike\"},\"friends\":null}]}";
}
// @Test
public void testGsonjson2Bean() throws Exception{
Person pp=GsonUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class);
System.out.println(pp);
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
GsonUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class);
}
}
// @Test
public void testJsonlibJson2Bean() throws Exception{
Person pp=JsonlibUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class);
System.out.println(pp);
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
JsonlibUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class);
}
}
// @Test
public void testJacksonJson2Bean() throws Exception{
Person pp=JacksonUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class);
System.out.println(pp);
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
JacksonUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class);
}
}
@Test
public void testFastJsonJson2Bean() throws Exception{
Person pp=FastJsonUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class);
System.out.println(pp);
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
FastJsonUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class);
}
}
}