Java 本地开发环境搭建
项目搭建采用技术栈为：Spring+Spring MVC+Hibernate+Jsp+Gradle＋tomcat+mysql5.6
搭建环境文档目录结构说明：
- 使用Intellj Idea 搭建项目过程详解
- 项目各配置文件讲解及部署
- 各层包功能讲解&项目搭建完毕最终效果演示图
- 项目中重要代码讲解
- webapp文件夹下分层详解
- 配置tomcat 运行环境
7.福利彩蛋
1. 使用Intellj Idea 搭建项目过程详解
1.1 打开Intellj Idea
Intellj idea 截图
1.2 操纵 Intellj Idea 工具栏 新建项目
操纵idea 工具栏
使用Gradle创建项目
完善项目信息
设置Gradle
确定项目信息
选择New Window
初始化项目结构截图
需要说明的是，最初创建的项目视图是不完整的，包括webapp文件夹下没有web.xml，以及src包下缺少Java文件夹(放置java源代码文件)，Resources文件夹（放置项目配置文件）。
我们继续做以下操作，使得项目的结构符合web 应用项目的层级标准。
操纵工具栏为项目添加 web.xml全局配置文件
出现如下视图：
新建 web.xml文件
设置web.xml文件存储位置
接下来：单击main文件夹按照如下操作：
手动创建src中main文件夹下java目录
输入java 文件夹名称
点击ok，再按照上图操作操作一遍，输入文件名为resources
最终的结构图如下图所示：
项目最终结构图
2. 项目各配置文件讲解及部署
完成了项目的初始化结构创建，接下来我们需要来创建配置文件。
首先是resources文件夹下的配置文件
2.1 resources下资源文件截图:(最终配置的结果)
项目所需配置文件最终配置结果
2.2 data-access-applicationContext.xml
主要管理数据库访问组件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.fxmms" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="regex" expression="com.fxmms.*.*.dao.*"/>
<context:include-filter type="regex" expression="com.fxmms.*.dao.*"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!--配置hibernate SessionFactory-->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">${dataSource.hibernate.dialect}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${dataSource.hibernate.show_sql}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
<!--负责自动创建数据表，基本上不能打开注释，否则所有的数据库中表信息都会被删除，重新创建-->
<!-- <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</prop> -->
</props>
</property>
<!-- <property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size" value="50"></property> -->
<property name="packagesToScan">
<list>
<value>com.fxmms.*.*.domain</value>
<value>com.fxmms.*.domain</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!--jdbcTemplate start -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!--Spring JDBC 中操作 LOB 数据 -->
<bean id="lobHandler" class="org.springframework.jdbc.support.lob.DefaultLobHandler"
lazy-init="true"></bean>
<!-- 配置JPA部分 -->
<!-- 配置JPA的EntityManagerFactory -->
<!-- <bean id="entityManagerFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"></bean>
</property>
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.fxmms"></property>
<property name="jpaProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory
</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!–使用二級緩存–>
<property name="sharedCacheMode" value="ENABLE_SELECTIVE"></property>
</bean>
<!– 配置事务 –>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"></property>
</bean>-->
<!-- <!– 配置SpringData部分 –>
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.fxmms"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory">
</jpa:repositories>-->
</beans>
2.3 service-applicationContext.xml
主要管理业务逻辑组件，包括对数据库访问的事务控制，以及定时任务。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd">
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
<!--设置定时任务-->
<task:annotation-driven/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.fxmms.www" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- enable the configuration of transactional behavior based on annotations -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
</beans>
2.4 default-servlet.xml
设置springmvc-applicationContext.xml,前端控制器将请求转发到相应的controller层中的处理方法上。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!---->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--json解析-->
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"/>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.fxmms.www.controller">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!--因为web.xml中defaultDispatcherServlet对所有请求进行了拦截，所以对一些.css .jpg .html .jsp也进行了拦截，所以此配置项
保证对对静态资源不拦截-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--配置文件上上传-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760000"/>
<property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
</bean>
</beans>
2.5 spring-security.xml
设置spring－security 权限控制配置文件，项目中权限的控制统一在此配置文件中配置，包括从数据库中获取用户的相关信息，以及配置相应pattern的请求过滤规则。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:sec="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd">
<!-- <sec:http pattern="/**/*.jpg" security="none"></sec:http>
<sec:http pattern="/**/*.jpeg" security="none"></sec:http>
<sec:http pattern="/**/*.gif" security="none"></sec:http>
<sec:http pattern="/**/*.png" security="none"></sec:http>s
<sec:http pattern="/getCode" security="none" /><!– 不过滤验证码 –>
<sec:http pattern="/test/**" security="none"></sec:http><!– 不过滤测试内容 –>-->
<!--spring security 权限管理配置文件-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.fxmms.common.security">
</context:component-scan>
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<!--权限控制-->
<sec:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true">
<sec:intercept-url pattern="/superadmin/**" access="hasRole('superadmin')"/>
<sec:intercept-url pattern="/admin/**" access="hasRole('admin')"/>
<sec:intercept-url pattern="/customer/**" access="hasRole('customer')"/>
<!--自定义登陆页面,权限验证失败页面，登录成功页面-->
<sec:form-login login-page="/login.jsp" authentication-failure-url="/login.jsp" login-processing-url="/j_spring_security_check"
authentication-success-handler-ref="loginSuccessHandler"/>
<!--用户权限不一致出现的权限不可得情况，默认情况下跳转到403页面-->
<sec:access-denied-handler ref="accessDeniedServletHandler" />
<sec:logout logout-success-url="/login.jsp" />
</sec:http>
<sec:authentication-manager>
<sec:authentication-provider>
<!--配置从数据库查询用户权限 and isDelete = 0 and enable = 1-->
<sec:jdbc-user-service data-source-ref="dataSource"
users-by-username-query="select userName,password,enable from mms_admin where userName=? and isDelete = 0 and enable = 1"
authorities-by-username-query="select userName,role from mms_admin where username=?"
></sec:jdbc-user-service>
</sec:authentication-provider>
</sec:authentication-manager>
</beans>
2.6 db.properties
数据库访问配置文件
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=feixun*123
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost/fxmms?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://222.73.156.132:13306/fxmms?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
jdbc.initPoolSize=5
jdbc.maxPoolSize=20
dataSource.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
#######################
## local ##
#######################
dataSource.hibernate.show_sql=true
2.7 log4j.properties
配置项目日志文件，日志输出模式为Console
###########################################################################
# Properties file for the log4j logger system
#
# Note: During the uPortal build, the file at /properties/Logger.properties is copied
# to the log4j standard location /WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties . This means that editing the file
# at /properties/Logger.properties in a deployed uPortal will have no effect.
#
# Please read the instructions for the Log4J logging system at
# http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/ if you want to modify this.
###########################################################################
# You should probably replace the word "debug" with "info" in the
# following line after everything is running. This will turn off
# the tons of debug messages, and leave only INFO, WARN, ERROR, etc.
#
log4j.rootLogger = info,stdout,D,E
#配置stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss,SSS} [%p]-[%l] %m%n
#配置D 保存info debug级别的系统日志信息
log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
#/Users/mark/mms/log.log 指定info debug级别日志信息存储位置
log4j.appender.D.File = /Users/mark/mms/log.log
log4j.appender.D.Append = true
log4j.appender.D.Threshold = INFO,DEBUG
log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss,SSS} [%p]-[%l] %m%n
#配置E 保存系统异常日志
log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
#/Users/mark/mms/error.log 指定info debug级别日志信息存储位置
log4j.appender.E.File = /Users/mark/mms/error.log
log4j.appender.E.Append = true
log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR
log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss,SSS} [%p]-[%l] %m%n
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=INFO
#
## Log all JDBC parameters
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=ALL
##Hibernate begin 打印每次数据访问产生的sql语句至log.log 文件当中##
log4j.logger.org.hibernate=info
#配置SQL打印与输出
log4j.logger.org.hibernate.SQL=DEBG
log4j.logger.org.hibernate.HQL=DEGUG
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=ALL
2.8 web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<!--配置需要加载的spring配置文件，这些文件中的配置的类都是被<context:component-scan>扫描到的，比如@Repository @Component
@Service @Controller等-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:data-access-applicationContext.xml;classpath:spring-security.xml;classpath:service-applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--配置日志监听 ，如果配置文件报红，没有关系可以正常运行，这个与idea的验证规则有关-->
<context-param>
<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--配置权限过滤器，注意必须配置在springmvc 之前，因为对用户访问资源的权限判断与控制是在访问特定url之前发生的-->
<filter>
<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 配置字符编码过滤器 必须配置在所有过滤器的最前面 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--超级管理员 -->
<!-- <filter>
<filter-name>superAdminFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.fxmms.filter.SuperAdminFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>superAdminFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/fxmms/superadmin/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>adminFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.fxmms.filter.AdminFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>adminFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/fxmms/admin/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>customerFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.fxmms.filter.CustomerFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>customerFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/fxmms/customer/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.fxmms.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>InvalidateServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.fxmms.servlet.InvalidateServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>-
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/loginServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>InvalidateServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/invalidateServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>-->
<!-- 配置看可以把POST请求转为PUT，DELETE请求的Filter -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--配置*控制器，对所有请求进行拦截并做请求路径，与处理请求桩模块之间的映射-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>defaultDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation
</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:default-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--这里是拦截所有-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>defaultDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2.9 build.gradle
项目构建脚本
group 'com.fxmms'
version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'idea'
apply plugin: 'war'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
repositories {
maven { url "http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/" }
mavenLocal()
jcenter()
maven { url "http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/"}
maven { url 'https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone'}
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
testCompile group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: '4.12'
// servlet-api
compile group: 'javax.servlet', name: 'servlet-api', version: '2.5'
//spring相关
compile group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-webmvc', version: '4.3.3.RELEASE'
compile group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-orm', version: '4.3.3.RELEASE'
compile group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-aspects', version: '4.3.3.RELEASE'
compile group: 'org.springframework.security', name: 'spring-security-config', version: '3.2.0.RELEASE'
compile group: 'org.springframework.security', name: 'spring-security-taglibs', version: '3.2.0.RELEASE'
compile 'org.springframework.security:spring-security-web:3.2.0.RELEASE'
//hibernate相关
compile 'org.hibernate:hibernate-core:4.3.6.Final'
//c3p0连接池
compile group: 'org.hibernate', name: 'hibernate-c3p0', version: '4.3.6.Final'
//ehcahe二级缓存
compile group: 'org.hibernate', name: 'hibernate-ehcache', version: '4.3.6.Final'
//mysql
compile group: 'mysql', name: 'mysql-connector-java', version: '5.1.39'
//springData
compile group: 'org.springframework.data', name: 'spring-data-jpa', version: '1.10.3.RELEASE'
// https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j日志
compile group: 'log4j', name: 'log4j', version: '1.2.17'
//json解析相关
compile group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-databind', version: '2.5.4'
compile group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-core', version: '2.5.4'
//迅雷接口有关jar 包
compile 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.4'
compile 'org.json:json:20141113'
compile group: 'org.apache.clerezza.ext', name: 'org.json.simple', version: '0.4'
//https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-io 读取文件相关
compile group: 'org.apache.commons', name: 'commons-io', version: '1.3.2'
// https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi 文件读取相关 apache-poi
compile group: 'org.apache.poi', name: 'poi', version: '3.9'
// https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-ooxml 解决execl 版本差异
compile group: 'org.apache.poi', name: 'poi-ooxml', version: '3.9'
// https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io 文件上传
compile group: 'commons-io', name: 'commons-io', version: '1.3.1'
// https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload
compile group: 'commons-fileupload', name: 'commons-fileupload', version: '1.2.2'
}
3. 各层包功能讲解&项目搭建完毕最终效果演示图
3.1 项目中各层包功能讲解
项目中Java源代码层级结构如下图所示：
项目中Java源代码层级结构
对于www包中的各分层，我们对照上图重点说明：
controller:用于路由各种HTTP访问，其中可以实现对前台页面参数的对象化绑定，这个功能的实现是依赖于spring mvc中的参数绑定功能，以及返回向前端页面返回数据。也可以实现基于Restful 风格API的编写。
dao：用于实现对数据库的操作，包中的代码继承并实现自common中的dao 层代码，采用的是类的适配器模式实现的，这里的代码值得细细品味，可以说是整个项目的灵魂所在之处，稍后说明。
domain:项目中的所有实体类都存在于这个包中，其中的每个具体实体类与数据库表相对应。
dto:实现了序列化的数据传输层对象，可用于接收前台参数，前台参数被封装成dto 对象传输至后台。同时也负责对从数据库中查询数据的封装。
qo:模糊查询对象所在的包，用于封装QBC动态查询参数。
rowmapper：用于映射jdbcTemplate查询数据库返回对象的数据集，并将数据集依照以此对象为集合的实例进行封装。
schedulejob：定时任务类所在的包，在此包中的类上都要加上@Service注解，因为定时任务注解配置在service-applicationContext.xml中，包扫描组件的规则是只扫描类上有@Service注解的组件类。
service:业务逻辑层，所有的业务逻辑组件Bean都放置在这个保重，其中的类中的业务逻辑方法调用了dao实现类中的方法，并且每个有关于数据库操作的方法上都加上了@Transaction注解，用于实现对数据库操作的事务管理。@Transaction是Spring Framework对AOP 的另一种区别于拦截器的自定义注解实现。
4.项目中重要代码讲解
主要讲解一下Dao层中代码对适配器设计模式的应用：
4.1 首先看下commom层中 BaseDao.java
package com.fxmms.common.dao;
import com.fxmms.common.ro.Dto;
import com.fxmms.common.ro.DtoResultWithPageInfo;
import com.fxmms.common.ro.PageQo;
import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
*
* @param <T>
* @usage 数据库公共操作接口
*/
@Repository
public interface BaseDao<T> {
/**
*
*
* @param id
* @usage 根据id获取数据库中唯一纪录，封装成java对象并返回
* @return T
*/
public T getById(Serializable id);
/**
*
*
* @param id
* @usage 根据id懒加载数据库中唯一纪录，封装成java对象并返回
* @return T
*/
public T load(Serializable id);
/**
*
*
* @param columnName
*
* @param value
*
* @usage 根据列名，以及对应的值获取数据库中惟一纪录，封装成Java对象并返回
*
* @return
*/
public T getByUniqueKey(String columnName, Object value);
/**
*
*
* @param nameValuePairs
*
* @return T
*/
public T getUniqueResult(Map<String, Object> nameValuePairs);
/**
*
*
* @param columnName
*
* @param value
*
* @param sort
*
* @param order
* asc/desc
* @return List<T>
*/
public List<T> getListByColumn(String columnName, Object value,
String sort, String order);
public List<T> getListByColumn(String columnName, Object value);
/**
* ͨ
*
* @param nameValuePairs
*
* @param sort
*
* @param order
* asc/desc
* @return List<T>
*/
public List<T> getListByColumns(Map<String, Object> nameValuePairs,
String sort, String order);
public List<T> getListByColumns(Map<String, Object> nameValuePairs);
/**
*
*
* @return List<T>
*/
public List<T> getAll();
/**
*
*
* @param t
* @return Serializable id
*/
public Serializable save(T t);
/**
*
*
* @param t
*/
public void update(T t);
/**
*
*
* @param t
*/
public void delete(T t);
/**
* QBC
* @return
*/
public Criteria createCriteria();
/**
* @param <E>
* @param <D>
* @param criteria
* @param pageNo
* @param pageSize
* @param dtoClazz
* @return
*/
public <E, D extends Dto> DtoResultWithPageInfo<D> queryPageListByCriteria(
Criteria criteria, int pageNo, int pageSize, Class<D> dtoClazz);
/**
* @param <E>
* @param <D>
* @param criteria
* @param qo
* @param class1
* @return
*/
public <E, D extends Dto> DtoResultWithPageInfo<D> queryPageListByCriteriaWithQo(PageQo qo, Class<D> dtoClazz);
}
其中定义了一些对数据库的抽象公共操作方法，代码中有注释，可以对照理解。
4.2 看下HibernateTemplateDao.java对BaseDao.java的抽象实现
package com.fxmms.common.dao.hib;
import com.fxmms.common.dao.BaseDao;
import com.fxmms.common.ro.Dto;
import com.fxmms.common.ro.DtoResultWithPageInfo;
import com.fxmms.common.ro.PageInfo;
import com.fxmms.common.ro.PageQo;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Order;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Projections;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
*
* @param <T>
* @usage 应用数据访问的灵魂，抽象出各种模型类进行数据库访问的公共操作。
* 主要使用到QBC动态查询。主要思想是利用反射。
*/
@Repository
public abstract class HibernateTemplateDao<T> implements BaseDao<T> {
protected static final Log log = LogFactory
.getLog(HibernateTemplateDao.class);
//通过反射，可以实现对不同类对应的数据表的操作
protected abstract Class<?> getEntityClass();
protected SessionFactory sessionFactory;
@Autowired
@Qualifier("sessionFactory")
public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
}
public Session getSession() {
return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
}
public Session openNewSession() {
return sessionFactory.openSession();
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public T getById(Serializable id) {
return (T) getSession().get(getEntityClass(), id);
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public T getByUniqueKey(String columnName, Object value) {
return (T) getSession().createCriteria(getEntityClass())
.add(Restrictions.eq(columnName, value)).uniqueResult();
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<T> getListByColumn(String columnName, Object value,String sort,String order) {
Criteria criteria = getSession().createCriteria(getEntityClass());
criteria.add(Restrictions.eq(columnName, value));
if(StringUtils.hasText(sort) && StringUtils.hasText(order)){
if("asc".equals(order)){
criteria.addOrder(Order.asc(sort));
}else if("desc".equals(order)){
criteria.addOrder(Order.desc(sort));
}
}
List<T> list = criteria.list();
return list;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<T> getListByColumn(String columnName, Object value) {
Criteria criteria = getSession().createCriteria(getEntityClass());
criteria.add(Restrictions.eq(columnName, value));
List<T> list = criteria.list();
return list;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<T> getListByColumns(Map<String, Object> nameValuePairs,String sort,String order){
Criteria criteria = getSession().createCriteria(getEntityClass());
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : nameValuePairs.entrySet()) {
criteria.add(Restrictions.eq(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
if(StringUtils.hasText(sort) && StringUtils.hasText(order)){
if("asc".equals(order)){
criteria.addOrder(Order.asc(sort));
}else if("desc".equals(order)){
criteria.addOrder(Order.desc(sort));
}
}
List<T> list = criteria.list();
return list;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<T> getListByColumns(Map<String, Object> nameValuePairs){
Criteria criteria = getSession().createCriteria(getEntityClass());
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : nameValuePairs.entrySet()) {
criteria.add(Restrictions.eq(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
List<T> list = criteria.list();
return list;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<T> getAll() {
return getSession().createCriteria(getEntityClass()).list();
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public T getUniqueResult(Map<String, Object> nameValuePairs) {
Criteria criteria = getSession().createCriteria(getEntityClass());
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : nameValuePairs.entrySet()) {
criteria.add(Restrictions.eq(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
return (T) criteria.uniqueResult();
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public T load(Serializable id){
return (T) getSession().load(getEntityClass(), id);
}
@Override
public Serializable save(T t) {
return getSession().save(t);
}
@Override
public void update(T t) {
Session session = this.getSession();
session.update(t);
//强制刷新缓存中数据至数据库中，防止大批量数据更新之后出现脏数据
session.flush();
}
@Override
public void delete(T t) {
this.getSession().delete(t);
}
/**
* QO DtoResultWithPageInfo<dtoClazz>list+ҳϢ
*
* @param page
* @param pageSize
* @param qo
* @param dtoClazz
* @return
*/
/* public <Q extends QueryObject, D extends Dto> DtoResultWithPageInfo<D> queryPageListByQueryObject(
int page, int pageSize,Q qo, Class<D> dtoClazz){
Criteria criteria = QueryObjectHelper.buildCriteria(qo, getSession());
return queryPageListByCriteria(criteria, page, pageSize, dtoClazz);
}*/
/**
* QO List<dtoClazz>
* @param qo
* @param dtoClazz
* @return
*/
/*public <Q extends QueryObject,E, D extends Dto> List<D> queryListByQueryObject(
Q qo, Class<D> dtoClazz){
Criteria criteria = QueryObjectHelper.buildCriteria(qo, getSession());
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<E> list = criteria.list();
List<D> resultsDtoList = new ArrayList<D>();
for(E entity:list){
try {
D dto = dtoClazz.newInstance();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(entity, dto);
resultsDtoList.add(dto);
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
log.error("dtoʵ쳣ExMsg==>"+e.getMessage());
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
log.error("dtoʵ쳣ExMsg==>"+e.getMessage());
}
}
return resultsDtoList;
}*/
/**
* queryPageListByCriteria
*
* ͨcriteria DtoResultWithPageInfo<dtoClazz>list+ҳϢ
*
* @param criteria
* ѯ
* @param pageNo
* ǰҳ
* @param pageSize
* ÿҳʾ
* @param dtoClass
* ݴݶclass
*
*/
/*public <E, D extends Dto> DtoResultWithPageInfo<D> queryPageListByCriteria(
Criteria criteria, int pageNo, int pageSize, Class<D> dtoClazz) {
PageInfo pageInfo = getInstancePageInfoWithCriteria(criteria, pageNo,
pageSize);
criteria.setProjection(null);// ͶӰ
criteria.setFirstResult(pageInfo.getFirstResultNum());
criteria.setMaxResults(pageInfo.getPageSize());
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<E> resultsList = criteria.list();
List<D> resultsDtoList = new ArrayList<D>();
for (E result : resultsList) {
D dto;
try {
dto = dtoClazz.newInstance();
try {
BeanUtils.copyProperties(result, dto);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("ҳѯ쳣bean쳣");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
log.error("ҳѯ쳣dtoʼ쳣");
e.printStackTrace();
dto = null;
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
log.error("ҳѯ쳣dtoʼ쳣");
e.printStackTrace();
dto = null;
}
resultsDtoList.add(dto);
}
DtoResultWithPageInfo<D> resultWithPageInfo = new DtoResultWithPageInfo<D>(
resultsDtoList, pageInfo);
return resultWithPageInfo;
}*/
/**
* ͨcriteria List<dtoClazz>
*
* @param criteria
* @param dtoClazz
* @return
*/
/*public <E, D extends Dto> List<D> queryListByCriteria(
Criteria criteria,Class<D> dtoClazz) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<E> resultsList = criteria.list();
List<D> resultsDtoList = new ArrayList<D>();
for (E result : resultsList) {
D dto;
try {
dto = dtoClazz.newInstance();
try {
BeanUtils.copyProperties(result, dto);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("ҳѯ쳣bean쳣");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
log.error("ҳѯ쳣dtoʼ쳣");
e.printStackTrace();
dto = null;
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
log.error("ҳѯ쳣dtoʼ쳣");
e.printStackTrace();
dto = null;
}
resultsDtoList.add(dto);
}
return resultsDtoList;
}*/
/*public DataTablePageList queryDataTablePageListByCriteria(
Criteria criteria, String displayStart, String displayLength) {
// ܼ¼
long totalRecords = 0L;
criteria.setProjection(Projections.rowCount());
totalRecords = (Long) criteria.uniqueResult();
//
criteria.setProjection(null);
criteria.setFirstResult(Integer.parseInt(displayStart));
criteria.setMaxResults(Integer.parseInt(displayLength));
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
List resultsList = criteria.list();
DataTablePageList dtpl = new DataTablePageList(
String.valueOf((int) totalRecords), resultsList);
return dtpl;
}
*/
/**
* ͨѯʼҳϢ
*
* @param criteria
* @param pageNo
* @param pageSize
* @return
*//*
private PageInfo getInstancePageInfoWithCriteria(Criteria criteria,
int pageNo, int pageSize) {
long totalQuantity = 0L;
criteria.setProjection(Projections.rowCount());
totalQuantity = (Long) criteria.uniqueResult();
PageInfo pageInfo = PageInfo.getInstance(pageNo, pageSize,
totalQuantity);
return pageInfo;
}*/
@Override
public Criteria createCriteria() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return getSession().createCriteria(getEntityClass());
}
/**
* queryPageListByCriteria
*
* ͨcriteria DtoResultWithPageInfo<dtoClazz>list+ҳϢ
*
* @param criteria
* ѯ
* @param pageNo
* ǰҳ
* @param pageSize
* ÿҳʾ
* @param dtoClass
* ݴݶclass
* ص DtoResultWithPageInfo
*
* Ϊ queryPageListByCriteria
*/
@Override
public <E, D extends Dto> DtoResultWithPageInfo<D> queryPageListByCriteria(
Criteria criteria, int pageNo, int pageSize, Class<D> dtoClazz) {
//˷ĵãpageinfoѾfirstResult maxresult
PageInfo pageInfo = getInstancePageInfoWithCriteria(criteria, pageNo,
pageSize);
criteria.setProjection(null);// ͶӰ
criteria.setFirstResult(pageInfo.getFirstResultNum());
criteria.setMaxResults(pageInfo.getPageSize());
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<E> resultsList = criteria.list();
List<D> resultsDtoList = new ArrayList<D>();
for (E result : resultsList) {
D dto;
try {
dto = dtoClazz.newInstance();
try {
BeanUtils.copyProperties(result, dto);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("ҳѯ쳣bean쳣");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
log.error("ҳѯ쳣dtoʼ쳣");
e.printStackTrace();
dto = null;
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
log.error("ҳѯ쳣dtoʼ쳣");
e.printStackTrace();
dto = null;
}
resultsDtoList.add(dto);
}
DtoResultWithPageInfo<D> resultWithPageInfo = new DtoResultWithPageInfo<D>(
resultsDtoList, pageInfo);
return resultWithPageInfo;
}
/**
* queryPageListByCriteriaWithQo
*
* ͨcriteria DtoResultWithPageInfo<dtoClazz>list+ҳϢ
*
* @param criteria
* ѯ
* @param pageNo
* ǰҳ
* @param pageSize
* ÿҳʾ
* @param dtoClass
* ݴݶclass
* ص DtoResultWithPageInfo
*
* Ϊ queryPageListByCriteria
*/
@Override
public <E, D extends Dto> DtoResultWithPageInfo<D> queryPageListByCriteriaWithQo(PageQo qo, Class<D> dtoClazz) {
//˷ĵãpageinfoѾfirstResult maxresult
Criteria criteria = this.createCriteria();
qo.add(criteria);
PageInfo pageInfo = getInstancePageInfoWithCriteria(criteria, qo.getPage(),qo.getRows());
criteria.setProjection(null);// ͶӰ
criteria.setFirstResult(pageInfo.getFirstResultNum());
criteria.setMaxResults(pageInfo.getPageSize());
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<E> resultsList = criteria.list();
List<D> resultsDtoList = new ArrayList<D>();
for (E result : resultsList) {
D dto;
try {
dto = dtoClazz.newInstance();
try {
BeanUtils.copyProperties(result, dto);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("ҳѯ쳣bean쳣");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
log.error("ҳѯ쳣dtoʼ쳣");
e.printStackTrace();
dto = null;
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
log.error("ҳѯ쳣dtoʼ쳣");
e.printStackTrace();
dto = null;
}
resultsDtoList.add(dto);
}
DtoResultWithPageInfo<D> resultWithPageInfo = new DtoResultWithPageInfo<D>(
resultsDtoList, pageInfo);
return resultWithPageInfo;
}
/**
* ͨѯʼҳϢ
*
* @param criteria
* @param pageNo
* @param pageSize
* @return
*/
private PageInfo getInstancePageInfoWithCriteria(Criteria criteria,
int pageNo, int pageSize) {
long totalQuantity = 0L;
// ܵtotalQuality
criteria.setProjection(Projections.rowCount());
totalQuantity = (Long) criteria.uniqueResult();
PageInfo pageInfo = PageInfo.getInstance(pageNo, pageSize,
totalQuantity);
return pageInfo;
}
}
这个方法是极为重要的 protected abstract Class<?> getEntityClass();
后续介绍，现在暂时有个印象。
在www中的dao层有与各具体类(数据表)相对应的数据库操作实现：
屏幕快照 2016-11-20 下午11.22.30.png
上图声明了三个具体类对应的接口声明：AdminDao、MacDao、TaskDao。
对应三个接口有三个具体的实现类：AdminDaoImpl、MacDaoImpl、TaskDaoImpl。
我们以与Admin类相关的dao层操作为例：
Admin.java
package com.fxmms.www.domain;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
import javax.persistence.*;
/**
* Created by mark on 16/11/2.
* @usage 管理员实体类，与数据库中表相对应
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "mms_admin")
public class Admin {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator = "increment")
@GenericGenerator(name = "increment", strategy = "increment")
@Column
private int id;
@Column
private String userName;
@Column
private String password;
@Column
private String role;
@Column
private int enable;
@Column
private int isDelete;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getRole() {
return role;
}
public void setRole(String role) {
this.role = role;
}
public int getEnable() {
return enable;
}
public void setEnable(int enable) {
this.enable = enable;
}
public int getIsDelete() {
return isDelete;
}
public void setIsDelete(int isDelete) {
this.isDelete = isDelete;
}
}
AdminDao.java
package com.fxmms.www.dao;
import com.fxmms.common.dao.BaseDao;
import com.fxmms.www.domain.Admin;
/**
* Created by mark on 16/10/31.
* @usage 操作管理员数据库访问接口
*/
public interface AdminDao extends BaseDao<Admin> {
}
AdminDaoImpl.java
package com.fxmms.www.dao.hib;
import com.fxmms.common.dao.hib.HibernateTemplateDao;
import com.fxmms.www.dao.AdminDao;
import com.fxmms.www.domain.Admin;
/**
* Created by mark on 16/11/2.
* @usage 使用适配器模式，将common层中定义的公共访问数据库方法实现嫁接到Admin类的接口中。
*/
public class AdminDaoImpl extends HibernateTemplateDao<Admin> implements AdminDao {
@Override
protected Class<?> getEntityClass() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return Admin.class;
}
}
可以看到，在具体类相关的数据库操作实现类中，我们只需要实现HibernateTemplateDao<T>中抽象方法protected Class<?> getEntityClass()；即可。
给我们的感觉就是这个方法的实现是画龙点睛之笔。
回过头去看，在HibernateTemplateDao类中所有与数据库操作有关的方法：
例如：
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public T getByUniqueKey(String columnName, Object value) {
return (T) getSession().createCriteria(getEntityClass())
.add(Restrictions.eq(columnName, value)).uniqueResult();
}
getEntityClass()方法最终都会被具体的类所实现。这个设计真的是很巧妙。
5.webapp文件夹下分层详解
webapp下有res文件夹，用于存储静态文件，WEB-INF文件夹下有view文件夹用于放置应用中jsp页面。
文件组织结构如下图所示：
webapp下静态资源以及前端页面
6.配置tomcat 运行环境
项目搭建已经完毕，接下来需要做的就是配置项目的运行环境了，这里我们采用tomcat来充当应用服务器。
6.1 去官网下载tomcat 8.0：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi
6.2 配置 tomcat 服务器：
点击Edit Configurations
屏幕快照 2016-11-20 下午11.48.58.png
点击+,并选择Tomcat Server中local选项
屏幕快照 2016-11-20 下午11.51.03.png
添加启动任务名称，默认为unnamed
屏幕快照 2016-11-21 上午9.33.39.png
配置Application Server
屏幕快照 2016-11-21 上午9.39.06.png
装载开发版(exploded)应用war包,此步骤有两种方式：
第一种方式：选择Deploy at the server startup下方的+，入下图所示：
屏幕快照 2016-11-21 上午9.54.16.png
接下来在Select Artifacts Deploy 弹出框中 选择 exploded 属性的war包
屏幕快照 2016-11-21 上午9.54.31.png
接下来选择apply－> ok ，最终的结果是：
屏幕快照 2016-11-21 上午10.05.46.png
屏幕快照 2016-11-21 上午10.12.55.png
最终点击启动按钮启动应用
屏幕快照 2016-11-21 上午10.15.46.png
最终的启动效果如下所示
屏幕快照 2016-11-21 上午10.27.45.png
模板代码地址：https://coding.net/u/zongyuan/p/Java-backend-template/git
关于项目中应用到的JNI技术，会在后面讲解，主要侧重点是在代码层面解决JNI link library的问题。
福利彩蛋
职位:腾讯OMG 广告后台高级开发工程师;
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