23深度探秘搜索技术_实战match_phrase_prefix实现search-time搜索推荐

搜索推荐,search as you type,搜索提示,解释一下什么意思

hello w --> 搜索

hello world
hello we
hello win
hello wind
hello dog
hello cat

hello w -->

hello world
hello we
hello win
hello wind

这就是搜索推荐的功能

比如百度

搜elas -->

elasticsearch

elasticsearch权威指南

重建索引my_index

PUT my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "my_type": {
      "properties": {
        "title": {
          "type": "text"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

填充数据

PUT /my_index/my_type/11
{
  "title" : "hello we"
}

PUT /my_index/my_type/12
{
  "title" : "hello win"
}

PUT /my_index/my_type/13
{
  "title" : "hello world"
}

PUT /my_index/my_type/14
{
  "title" : "hello dog"
}

搜索

GET /my_index/my_type/_search 
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase_prefix": {
      "title": {
        "query": "hello w"
      }
    }
  }
}

响应结果

{
  "took": 1,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 0.51623213,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_type": "my_type",
        "_id": "12",
        "_score": 0.51623213,
        "_source": {
          "title": "hello win"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_type": "my_type",
        "_id": "13",
        "_score": 0.51623213,
        "_source": {
          "title": "hello world"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_type": "my_type",
        "_id": "11",
        "_score": 0.51623213,
        "_source": {
          "title": "hello we"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

原理跟match_phrase类似,唯一的区别,就是把最后一个term作为前缀去搜索

hello就是去进行match,搜索对应的doc
w,会作为前缀,去扫描整个倒排索引,找到所有w开头的doc
然后找到所有doc中,即包含hello,又包含w开头的字符的doc
根据你的slop去计算,看在slop范围内,能不能让hello w,正好跟doc中的hello和w开头的单词的position相匹配

也可以指定slop,但是只有最后一个term会作为前缀

max_expansions:指定prefix最多匹配多少个term,超过这个数量就不继续匹配了,限定性能

例如

GET /my_index/my_type/_search 
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase_prefix": {
      "title": {
        "query": "hello w",
        "slop":  10,
        "max_expansions": 50
      }
    }
  }
}

默认情况下,前缀要扫描所有的倒排索引中的term,去查找w打头的单词,但是这样性能太差。可以用max_expansions限定,w前缀最多匹配多少个term,就不再继续搜索倒排索引了。

尽量不要用,因为,最后一个前缀始终要去扫描大量的索引,性能可能会很差

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