要实现这样一个需求:按照本地的CSS文件展示一串网络获取的带HTML格式的只有body部分的文本,需要自己拼写完整的 HTML。除此之外,还需要禁用获取的HTML文本中自带的 < img > 标签自动加载,并把下载图片的操作放在native端来处理,并通过JS将图片在Cache中的地址返回给UIWebview。
之所以要把图片操作放在native端做的好处在于:1、可以进行本地缓存,下次进入这篇文章可以直接从缓存读取,提高响应速度并且节省用户流量。2、可以实现点击图片放大、保存图片到相册等操作。
技术难点也有两个:1、如何让HTML文本onLoad的时候,禁用自身的图片加载而是从本地获取图片?2、如何把native端下载好的图片返回给网页?
起初,我也是束手无策,翻看文档可只找到了一个 - (NSString )stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:(NSString )script 和JS简易交互的方法,未能如愿。直到我在Github上看到了WebViewJavascriptBridge 这个用于UIWebView/WebViews和JS交互的封装库。
刚看sample的时候我差点没被各种回调搞晕,好记性不如烂笔头,我从来不掩饰自己的愚笨,所以我画了一个关系图。在放图之前,我们先看代码。
一开始,我们在Native端和JS端都分别进行初始化:
OC端:
@property WebViewJavascriptBridge* bridge;
对应的初始化代码如下,在初始化中直接包含了一个用于接收JS的回调:
_bridge = [WebViewJavascriptBridge bridgeForWebView:webView webViewDelegate:self handler:^(id data, WVJBResponseCallback responseCallback) { NSLog(@”ObjC received message from JS: %@”, data); responseCallback(@”Response for message from ObjC”); }];
JS端:(以下是固定写法,你自己的JS文件中必须包含如下代码)
function connectWebViewJavascriptBridge(callback) { if (window.WebViewJavascriptBridge) { callback(WebViewJavascriptBridge) } else { document.addEventListener(‘WebViewJavascriptBridgeReady’, function() { callback(WebViewJavascriptBridge) }, false) } } connectWebViewJavascriptBridge(function(bridge) { bridge.init(function(message, responseCallback) { log(‘JS got a message’, message) var data = { ‘Javascript Responds’:’Wee!’ } log(‘JS responding with’, data) responseCallback(data) }) }
然后,我们要知道,在WebViewJavascriptBridge中,交互的方式只有两种:send 和 callHandle,JS和OC都有这两个方法,所以对应的四种关系是:
aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" data-w="" data-ratio="0.685251798561151" data-type="png" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/g4uoJOMA38JeWM7YMLhgrGTFUpo7mHXVFT2ib3IVO3XWCUO5iczlTiaw4icDccwn4CeQUGo66O21AJKez8jKnCJKPQ/0?wx_fmt=png" />
以上表中的对应关系的解读是,例如第一条:在JS中如果调用了bridge.send(),那么将触发OC端_bridge初始化方法中的回调。
同理,第二条,在JS中调用了bridge.callHandler(‘testJavascriptHandler’),它将触发OC端注册的同名方法:
bridge.registerHandler(‘testJavascriptHandler’, function(data, responseCallback) { log(‘ObjC called testJavascriptHandler with’, data) var responseData = { ‘Javascript Says’:’Right back atcha!’ } log(‘JS responding with’, responseData) responseCallback(responseData) })
了解了使用规则,下面来看看在我们这个实际需求中应用的整体思路:
aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" data-w="" data-ratio="0.552158273381295" data-type="png" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/g4uoJOMA38JeWM7YMLhgrGTFUpo7mHXVQibBxhoBhAmp6bZq46MKDyEbyUAta1xcg19pzXS7FQMcw7R6o487mNQ/0?wx_fmt=png" />
—— 1 ——
首先,我们要做的第一步是替换获取的HTML文本中默认的src,以避免其会自动加载图片。
NSString *_content = [contentstring stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@”src” withString:@”esrc”];
—— 2 ——
因为我们获取的只是HTML的body部分,因此我们需要自己书写完整的HTML。
…
我们让 的时候去调用JS中的 onLoaded()函数。在这个函数中我们遍历所有img标签的 esrc,保存为一个数组返回给 OC 端,让native端去下载这些图片。
function onLoaded() { connectWebViewJavascriptBridge(function(bridge) { var allImage = document.querySelectorAll(“img”); allImage = Array.prototype.slice.call(allImage, 0); var imageUrlsArray = new Array(); allImage.forEach(function(image) { var esrc = image.getAttribute(“esrc”); var newLength = imageUrlsArray.push(esrc); }); bridge.send(imageUrlsArray); }); }
—— 3 ——
bridge.send 会触发WebViewJavascriptBridge初始化方法 + (instancetype)bridgeForWebView:(WVJB_WEBVIEW_TYPE)webView webViewDelegate:(WVJB_WEBVIEW_DELEGATE_TYPE)webViewDelegate handler:(WVJBHandler)handler; 中的handler,我们在handler的block中下载所有图片。并且把下载完的图片在cache中的地址返回个JS。
pragma mark — 下载全部图片 -(void)downloadAllImagesInNative:(NSArray )imageUrls{ SDWebImageManager manager = [SDWebImageManager sharedManager]; //初始化一个置空元素数组 _allImagesOfThisArticle = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:imageUrls.count];//本地的一个用于保存所有图片的数组 for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < imageUrls.count-1; i++) { [_allImagesOfThisArticle addObject:[NSNull null]]; } for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < imageUrls.count-1; i++) { NSString _url = imageUrls[i]; [manager downloadImageWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:_url] options:SDWebImageHighPriority progress:nil completed:^(UIImage image, NSError error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL imageURL) { if (image) { dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{ NSString imgB64 = [UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1.0) base64EncodedStringWithOptions:NSDataBase64Encoding64CharacterLineLength]; //把图片在磁盘中的地址传回给JS NSString key = [manager cacheKeyForURL:imageURL]; NSString *source = [NSString stringWithFormat:@”data:image/png;base64,%@”, imgB64]; [_bridge callHandler:@”imagesDownloadComplete” data:@[key,source]]; }); } }]; } }
—— 4 ——
[_bridge callHandler:@”imagesDownloadComplete” data:@[key,source]] 会触发JS中的 function imagesDownloadComplete()。在这个函数中遍历所有img标签,把传过来的图片地址赋值给img的src。
function imagesDownloadComplete(pOldUrl, pNewUrl) { var allImage = document.querySelectorAll(“img”); allImage = Array.prototype.slice.call(allImage, 0); allImage.forEach(function(image) { if (image.getAttribute(“esrc”) == pOldUrl || image.getAttribute(“esrc”) == decodeURIComponent(pOldUrl)) { image.src = pNewUrl; } }); }
至此,通过WebViewJavascriptBridge处理UIWebView和JS交互实现本地处理网页图片的下 载操作就基本完成了。这个例子展现了一个完整的过程,基本涉及了JS和OC的各种交互包括OC调用JS、JS调用OC等。如果你有其它的业务需求,也基本 按照这个流程就可以依样画葫芦了,唯一不同的也就是业务逻辑了。
下面我再举一个例子。也是出现在我的业务需求里的,就是点击网页上的图片,图片会以Zoom-out的动画放大,左右滑动可以查看其它图片,同时还需要双击放大查看、保存图片等功能。 类似这样:
aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" data-w="344" data-ratio="1.7790697674418605" data-type="gif" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/g4uoJOMA38JeWM7YMLhgrGTFUpo7mHXVQ0DmvYFcQsM6n31wTChrXUpJwE0XGslB01zbPiagzhnoNpXIKv9NUMg/0?wx_fmt=gif" />
乍一看,我们点击的是一张网页上的图片,怎么可能让这张图片单独跳出来?而且还能左右滑动显示其它图片?
首先我们还是需要去改造网络获取的那段HTML文本,正则匹配出<img esrc=http://....,加上onClick事件,绑定一个JS的方法,并把这个esrc作为参数传入这个绑定的方法中。
//正则替换 NSRegularExpression *regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@”(<img[^>]+esrc=\”)(\S+)\”” options:0 error:nil]; result = [regex stringByReplacingMatchesInString:newContent options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, newContent.length) withTemplate:@”<img esrc=\”ewqfewqfewqveveavewv cfwfew ewvw vweqvw2’)\””];
JS中onImageClick()函数。这个函数的主要任务是:获取点击图片的在所有图片中的编号以及在当前屏幕中的位置。并把这些信息返回给OC。
function onImageClick(picUrl){ connectWebViewJavascriptBridge(function(bridge) { var allImage = document.querySelectorAll(“p img[esrc]”); allImage = Array.prototype.slice.call(allImage, 0); var urls = new Array(); var index = -1; var x = 0; var y = 0; var width = 0; var height = 0; allImage.forEach(function(image) { var imgUrl = image.getAttribute(“esrc”); var newLength = urls.push(imgUrl); if(imgUrl == picUrl || imgUrl == decodeURIComponent(picUrl)){ index = newLength-1; x = image.getBoundingClientRect().left; y = image.getBoundingClientRect().top; x = x + document.documentElement.scrollLeft; y = y + document.documentElement.scrollTop; width = image.width; height = image.height; console.log(“x:”+x +”;y:” + y+”;width:”+image.width +”;height:”+image.height); } }); console.log(“检测到点击”); bridge.callHandler(‘imageDidClicked’, {‘index’:index,’x’:x,’y’:y,’width’:width,’height’:height}, function(response) { console.log(“JS已经发出imgurl和index,同时收到回调,说明OC已经收到数据”); }); }); }
bridge.callHandler 会触发OC中的 [_bridge registerHandler:@”imageDidClicked” handler:^(id data, WVJBResponseCallback responseCallback){}]。 我们可以再handler中获得JS传过来的点击图片在所有图片中的编号,以及点击图片在当前图片中的空间位置。要实现点击图片Zoom-out的效果, 我们要善于「作弊」。网页中的图片固然不能「跳」出来放大,但我们可以根据JS传回来的x、y、width、height这些位置信息自己创建一个 UIImageView,image和当前点击图片一致,设置透明度为0,add到UIWebView上面。并通过IDMPhotoBrowser 这个开源库实现图片浏览。
[_bridge registerHandler:@"imageDidClicked" handler:^(id data, WVJBResponseCallback responseCallback) { NSInteger index = [[data objectForKey:@"index"] integerValue]; CGFloat originX = [[data objectForKey:@"x"] floatValue]; CGFloat originY = [[data objectForKey:@"y"] floatValue]; CGFloat width = [[data objectForKey:@"width"] floatValue]; CGFloat height = [[data objectForKey:@"height"] floatValue]; tappedImageView.alpha = 0; tappedImageView.frame = CGRectMake(originX, originY, width, height); tappedImageView.image = _allImagesOfThisArticle[index];//_allImagesOfThisArticle是一个本地数组用来存放所有图片 NSLog(@"OC已经收到JS的imageDidClicked了: %@", data); responseCallback(@"OC已经收到JS的imageDidClicked了"); //点击放大图片 [self presentPhotosBrowserWithInitialPage:index animatedFromView:tappedImageView]; }];
Tips
由于我用的是Sublime Text,所以无法进行JS的调试。如果要用Atom调试,又感觉有点小题大做。我就是想要有个地方可以轻松地看到是否打印出了console.log或者JS函数是否被调用了。始终相信,任何问题都是可以解决的。我们可以用Safari。
连上你的iPhone或者使用模拟器,当你的程序当前显示了一个UIWebView,Safari会自动识别这个UIWebview,并可以在开发菜单栏中找到你的设备进行调试。
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选择控制台,你就可以看到久违的调试窗口以及JS的console.log了。
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以上就是使用 WebViewJavascriptBridge 进行UIWebView与JS的深度交互的例子。
折腾WebViewJavascriptBridge的这几天下来,我最大的感受就是,学无止境。想想Node.JS都可以写服务器了,React Native都可以开发iOS了,而且Github上最流行的语言就是JS,导致我又有点想学JS了。但我又冷静了下来,明确自己的主要任务什么,想到 Swift都没吃透呢,哪有时间去搞前端。