问题原因：mysql版本：8.0.21，mysql-connector-java版本：mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar，版本不对齐导致报错。
解决办法：去 mysql-connector-java 下载与 mysql 对应的版本。
问题现象：
java.sql.SQLException: Unknown system variable ‘tx_isolation‘ at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1055) at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:956) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3515) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3447) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1951) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2101) at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2548) at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2477) at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeQuery(StatementImpl.java:1422) at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getTransactionIsolation(ConnectionImpl.java:3131) at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewPooledConnection.<init>(NewPooledConnection.java:107) at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource.getPooledConnection(WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource.java:198) at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource.getPooledConnection(WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource.java:171) at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.C3P0PooledConnectionPool$1PooledConnectionResourcePoolManager.acquireResource(C3P0PooledConnectionPool.java:137) at com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool.doAcquire(BasicResourcePool.java:1014) at com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool.access$800(BasicResourcePool.java:32) at com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool$AcquireTask.run(BasicResourcePool.java:1810) at com.mchange.v2.async.ThreadPoolAsynchronousRunner$PoolThread.run(ThreadPoolAsynchronousRunner.java:547)
java.sql.SQLException: Unknown system variable 'tx_isolation'