Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

上 篇文章我们讲 到了如何用volley进行简单的网络请求,我们可以很容易的接受到string、JsonObjec类型的返回结果,之前的例子仅仅是一次请求,这里需 要说明volley本身就是适合高并发的,所以它可以运行你用volley在短时间内进行多次请求,并且不用去手动管理线程数。仅仅是请求文字过于基础 了,本篇将讲述如何用volley从网络下载图片。

一、用ImageRequest来请求图片

ImageRequest是一个图片请求对象,它继承自Request<Bitmap>,所以请求得到的结果是一个bitmap。

1.1 使用步骤

ImageRequest仍旧是一个request对象,所以使用方式和StringRequest、JsonObjectRequest、JsonArrayRequest十分相似。

步骤:

  1. 建立一个RequestQueue对象
  2. 建立一个ImageRequest对象
  3. 将ImageRequest添加到RequestQueue中

第一步、第三步我们在上篇文章中已经做好了,如果不清楚的话可以去上一篇文章查看。

1.2 分析构造函数

源码中的构造函数是这样定义的:

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    public ImageRequest(String url, Response.Listener<Bitmap> listener, int maxWidth, int maxHeight,
Config decodeConfig, Response.ErrorListener errorListener) {
super(Method.GET, url, errorListener);
setRetryPolicy(
new DefaultRetryPolicy(IMAGE_TIMEOUT_MS, IMAGE_MAX_RETRIES, IMAGE_BACKOFF_MULT));
mListener = listener;
mDecodeConfig = decodeConfig;
mMaxWidth = maxWidth;
mMaxHeight = maxHeight;
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

默认的请求方式是GET,初始化方法需要传入:图片的url,一个响应结果监听器,图片的最大宽度,图片的最大高度,图片的颜色属性,出错响应的监听器。

说明:图片的颜色属性,Bitmap.Config下的几个常量都可以在这里使用,其中ARGB_8888可以展示最好的颜色属性,每个图片像素占据4个字节的大小,而RGB_565则表示每个图片像素占据2个字节大小

参数说明:decodeConfig是图片的颜色属性,下面的几个值都可以使用。
 
Bitmap.Config中的颜色属性(枚举类型)
ALPHA_8  
ARGB_4444 由于质量低,已经被弃用,推荐用ARGB_8888
ARGB_8888 每个像素用4byte存储
RGB_565 每个像素用2byte存储,红色占5位,绿色占6位,蓝色占5位
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    /** Socket timeout in milliseconds for image requests */
private static final int IMAGE_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000; /** Default number of retries for image requests */
private static final int IMAGE_MAX_RETRIES = 2; /** Default backoff multiplier for image requests */
private static final float IMAGE_BACKOFF_MULT = 2f;
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
  • 设定超时时间:1000ms;
  • 最大的请求次数:2次;
  • 发生冲突时的重传延迟增加数:2f(这个应该和TCP协议有关,冲突时需要退避一段时间,然后再次请求);

1.3 解释maxWidth,maxHeight参数

注释中详细说明了图片宽高的意义和作用,为了便于理解我再详细说一下。

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    /**
* Creates a new image request, decoding to a maximum specified width and
* height. If both width and height are zero, the image will be decoded to
* its natural size. If one of the two is nonzero, that dimension will be
* clamped and the other one will be set to preserve the image's aspect
* ratio. If both width and height are nonzero, the image will be decoded to
* be fit in the rectangle of dimensions width x height while keeping its
* aspect ratio.
*
* @param url URL of the image
* @param listener Listener to receive the decoded bitmap
* @param maxWidth Maximum width to decode this bitmap to, or zero for none
* @param maxHeight Maximum height to decode this bitmap to, or zero for
* none
* @param decodeConfig Format to decode the bitmap to
* @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors
*/
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

先来完整解释下注释的意思:

  • 建立一个请求对象,按照最大宽高进行解码 。
  • 如果设定的宽和高都是0,那么下载到的图片将会按照实际的大小进行解码,也就是不压缩。
  • 如果宽和高中的一个或两个值不为0,那么图片的宽/高(取决于你设定了宽还是高)会压缩至设定好的值,而另一个宽/高将会按原始比例改变。
  • 如果宽和高都不是0,那么得到的图片将会“按比例”解码到你设定的宽高,也就是说最终得到的图片大小不一定是你最初设定的大小。

举个例子:

我的图片原本像素是:850x1200.

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

当maxWidth = 0,maxHeight = 0时,最终得到的bitmap的宽高是850x1200

当maxWidth = 0,maxHeight = 600时,得到的bitmap是425x600.这就说明它会按照一个不为0的边的值,将图片进行等比缩放。

当maxWidth = 100,maxHeight = 600时,我们得到的bitmap竟然是100x141,是按照100进行等比缩小后的图片,而不是100x600.

要弄清这个问题,我们还得看源码,源码中解析响应结果的方法叫做doParse(…)

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    /**
* The real guts of parseNetworkResponse. Broken out for readability.
*/
private Response<Bitmap> doParse(NetworkResponse response) {
byte[] data = response.data;
BitmapFactory.Options decodeOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
Bitmap bitmap = null;
if (mMaxWidth == 0 && mMaxHeight == 0) {
       // 如果宽高都是0,那么就返回原始尺寸
decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = mDecodeConfig;
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, decodeOptions);
} else {
// If we have to resize this image, first get the natural bounds.
      // 如果我们已经重设了image的尺寸(宽高中有一个或两个不为0),那么先得到原始的大小 decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true; // 设置先不得到bitmap,仅仅获取bitmap的参数。
BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, decodeOptions); // 第一次解码,主要获得的是bitmap的实际宽、高
int actualWidth = decodeOptions.outWidth; // 得到bitmap的宽
int actualHeight = decodeOptions.outHeight; // 得到bitmap的高 // Then compute the dimensions we would ideally like to decode to.
// 然后计算我们想要得到的最终尺寸
int desiredWidth = getResizedDimension(mMaxWidth, mMaxHeight,
actualWidth, actualHeight);
int desiredHeight = getResizedDimension(mMaxHeight, mMaxWidth,
actualHeight, actualWidth); // Decode to the nearest power of two scaling factor.
// 把图片解码到最接近2的幂次方的大小
decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
// TODO(ficus): Do we need this or is it okay since API 8 doesn't support it?
// decodeOptions.inPreferQualityOverSpeed = PREFER_QUALITY_OVER_SPEED;
decodeOptions.inSampleSize =
findBestSampleSize(actualWidth, actualHeight, desiredWidth, desiredHeight);
Bitmap tempBitmap =
BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, decodeOptions); // If necessary, scale down to the maximal acceptable size.
// 如果有必要的话,把得到的bitmap的最大边进行压缩来适应尺寸
if (tempBitmap != null && (tempBitmap.getWidth() > desiredWidth ||
tempBitmap.getHeight() > desiredHeight)) {
// 通过createScaledBitmap来压缩到目标尺寸
bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(tempBitmap,
desiredWidth, desiredHeight, true);
tempBitmap.recycle();
} else {
bitmap = tempBitmap;
}
}
if (bitmap == null) {
return Response.error(new ParseError(response));
} else {
return Response.success(bitmap, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
}
} /**
* Returns the largest power-of-two divisor for use in downscaling a bitmap
* that will not result in the scaling past the desired dimensions.
*
* @param actualWidth Actual width of the bitmap
* @param actualHeight Actual height of the bitmap
* @param desiredWidth Desired width of the bitmap
* @param desiredHeight Desired height of the bitmap
*/
// Visible for testing.
static int findBestSampleSize(
int actualWidth, int actualHeight, int desiredWidth, int desiredHeight) {
// 计算inSampleSize的方法,详细知识自行百度吧。最终原图会被压缩为inSampleSize分之一
// inSampleSize的值计算出来都是2的幂次方
double wr = (double) actualWidth / desiredWidth;
double hr = (double) actualHeight / desiredHeight;
double ratio = Math.min(wr, hr);
float n = 1.0f;
while ((n * 2) <= ratio) {
n *= 2;
} return (int) n;
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

此时我们发现重要的方法是getResizedDimension,它最终确定了图片的最终尺寸。

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    /**
* Scales one side of a rectangle to fit aspect ratio.
*
* @param maxPrimary Maximum size of the primary dimension (i.e. width for
* max width), or zero to maintain aspect ratio with secondary
* dimension
* @param maxSecondary Maximum size of the secondary dimension, or zero to
* maintain aspect ratio with primary dimension
* @param actualPrimary Actual size of the primary dimension
* @param actualSecondary Actual size of the secondary dimension
*/
private static int getResizedDimension(int maxPrimary, int maxSecondary, int actualPrimary,
int actualSecondary) {
// If no dominant value at all, just return the actual.
if (maxPrimary == 0 && maxSecondary == 0) {
return actualPrimary;
} // If primary is unspecified, scale primary to match secondary's scaling ratio.
if (maxPrimary == 0) {
double ratio = (double) maxSecondary / (double) actualSecondary;
return (int) (actualPrimary * ratio);
} if (maxSecondary == 0) {
return maxPrimary;
} double ratio = (double) actualSecondary / (double) actualPrimary;
int resized = maxPrimary;
if (resized * ratio > maxSecondary) {
resized = (int) (maxSecondary / ratio);
}
return resized;
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

在我们目标宽、高都不为0时会调用下面的代码段:

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
double ratio = (double) actualSecondary / (double) actualPrimary;
int resized = maxPrimary;
if (resized * ratio > maxSecondary) {
resized = (int) (maxSecondary / ratio);
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

它会计算一个ratio(比值),这就是为啥它会按比例缩小的原因。

1.4 初始化对象并使用

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
        ImageRequest imageRequest = new ImageRequest(
"http://img5.duitang.com/uploads/item/201409/14/20140914162144_MBEmX.jpeg",
new ResponseListener(),
0, // 图片的宽度,如果是0,就不会进行压缩,否则会根据数值进行压缩
0, // 图片的高度,如果是0,就不进行压缩,否则会压缩
Config.ARGB_8888, // 图片的颜色属性
new ResponseErrorListener());
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

监听器:

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    private class ResponseListener implements Response.Listener<Bitmap> {

        @Override
public void onResponse(Bitmap response) {
// Log.d("TAG", "-------------\n" + response.toString());
iv.setImageBitmap(response);
}
} private class ResponseErrorListener implements Response.ErrorListener { @Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
Log.e("TAG", error.getMessage(), error);
}
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

最后将其添加到请求队列即可:

 mQueue.add(imageRequest);

1.5   题外话

这 样我们就用volley获得了网络图片,代码也十分简单。你可能会说,有没有其 他的,更好的方式来获取图片呢?当然有的,比如volley还提供了ImageLoader、NetworkImageView这样的对象,它们可以更加 方便的获取图片。值得一提的是这两个对象的内部都是使用了ImageRequest进行操作的,也就是说imageRequest是本质,这也就是为啥我 专门写一篇来分析ImageRequest的原因。

说话要言之有理,所以贴上ImageLoader、NetworkImageView源码中部分片段来证明其内部确实是用了ImageRequest。

ImageLoader的源码片段:

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    public ImageContainer get(String requestUrl, ImageListener imageListener,
int maxWidth, int maxHeight) {
// ………// The request is not already in flight. Send the new request to the network and
// track it.
Request<Bitmap> newRequest = makeImageRequest(requestUrl, maxWidth, maxHeight, cacheKey);
newRequest.setShouldCache(mShouldCache);
mRequestQueue.add(newRequest);
mInFlightRequests.put(cacheKey,
new BatchedImageRequest(newRequest, imageContainer));
return imageContainer;
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    protected Request<Bitmap> makeImageRequest(String requestUrl, int maxWidth, int maxHeight, final String cacheKey) {
return new ImageRequest(requestUrl, new Listener<Bitmap>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Bitmap response) {
onGetImageSuccess(cacheKey, response);
}
}, maxWidth, maxHeight,
Config.RGB_565, new ErrorListener() {
@Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
onGetImageError(cacheKey, error);
}
});
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

在 ImageLoader重要的get()方法中,建立了一个newRequest对象,并将其放入请求队列中。这里的newRequest是通过 makeImageRequest()来产生的,而makeImageRequest()实际是返回了一个ImageRequest对象。所以用到了 ImageRequest对象。

NetworkImageView的源码片段:

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    public void setImageUrl(String url, ImageLoader imageLoader) {
mUrl = url;
mImageLoader = imageLoader;
// The URL has potentially changed. See if we need to load it.
loadImageIfNecessary(false);
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

它本身就调用的是ImageLoader对象,所以自然也是用到了ImageRequest。

二、Request简介

2.1 前言

Request是Volley中最最核心的类,之前讲到的对象都是它的子类。从字面意思看,这个对象是用来执行请求的,但通过之前的使用我们发现,它还做了很多别的事情。先贴一个Request的子类。

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
        ImageRequest imageRequest = new ImageRequest(
"http://img5.duitang.com/uploads/item/201409/14/20140914162144_MBEmX.jpeg",
new ResponseListener(),
0, // 图片的宽度,如果是0,就不会进行压缩,否则会根据数值进行压缩
0, // 图片的高度,如果是0,就不进行压缩,否则会压缩
Config.ARGB_8888, // 图片的颜色属性
new ResponseErrorListener());
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

从中我们可以发现这个ImageRequest中传入了请求的url,毕竟是request嘛,请求的url是必须的,但我们还发现这个请求对象还处理了两个监听器,这就说明它不仅仅做了请求,同时对于响应的结果也做了分发处理。

2.2 部分API

getCacheKey()

Returns the cache key for this request. By default, this is the URL.

返回这个请求对象中缓存对象的key,默认返回的是请求的URL

getBodyContentType()

Returns the content type of the POST or PUT body.

返回POST或PUT请求内容的类型,我测试的结果是:application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8

从源码就能看出,默认的编码方式是UTF-8:

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
/**
* Default encoding for POST or PUT parameters. See {@link #getParamsEncoding()}.
*/
private static final String DEFAULT_PARAMS_ENCODING = "UTF-8";
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    /**
* Returns the content type of the POST or PUT body.
*/
public String getBodyContentType() {
return "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=" + getParamsEncoding();
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

getSequence()

Returns the sequence number of this request.

返回请求的序列数

getUrl()

Returns the URL of this request.

返回请求的URL

setShouldCache(boolean bl)

Set whether or not responses to this request should be cached.

设 置这个请求是否有缓存,这个缓存是磁盘缓存,和内存缓存没什么事情,默认是true,也就是说如果你不设置为false,这个请求就会在磁盘中进行缓存。 其实,之前讲的的StringRequest,JsonRequest,ImageRequest得到的数据都会被缓存,无论是Json数据,还是图片都 会自动的缓存起来。然而,一旦你设置setShouldCache(false),这些数据就不会被缓存了。

getBody()

Returns the raw POST or PUT body to be sent.

返回POST或PUT的请求体

deliverError()

分发错误信息,这个就是调用监听器的方法,贴源码就明白了。

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    /**
* Delivers error message to the ErrorListener that the Request was
* initialized with.
*
* @param error Error details
*/
public void deliverError(VolleyError error) {
if (mErrorListener != null) {
mErrorListener.onErrorResponse(error);
}
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

setRetryPolicy(RetryPolicy retryPolicy)

对一个request的重新请求策略的设置,不同的项目是否需要重新请求,重新请求几次,请求超时的时间,这些就在这设置到里面。

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
  /**
* Sets the retry policy for this request.
*
* @return This Request object to allow for chaining.
*/
public Request<?> setRetryPolicy(RetryPolicy retryPolicy) {
mRetryPolicy = retryPolicy;
return this;
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

从上面的源码可以看出,这里需要传入一个RetryPlicy的子类,就是重新请求策略的子类,Volley会在构造Request时传一个默认的对象,叫做DefaultRetryPolicy。

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    /**
* Creates a new request with the given method (one of the values from {@link Method}),
* URL, and error listener. Note that the normal response listener is not provided here as
* delivery of responses is provided by subclasses, who have a better idea of how to deliver
* an already-parsed response.
*/
public Request(int method, String url, Response.ErrorListener listener) {
mMethod = method;
mUrl = url;
mErrorListener = listener;
setRetryPolicy(new DefaultRetryPolicy()); mDefaultTrafficStatsTag = findDefaultTrafficStatsTag(url);
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介

如果你对于网络请求有具体的要求,可以实现RetryPolicy接口,进行*的配置。下面贴一下DefaultRetryPolicy源码,方便参考。

/*
* Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/ package com.android.volley; /**
* Default retry policy for requests.
*/
public class DefaultRetryPolicy implements RetryPolicy {
/** The current timeout in milliseconds. */
private int mCurrentTimeoutMs; /** The current retry count. */
private int mCurrentRetryCount; /** The maximum number of attempts. */
private final int mMaxNumRetries; /** The backoff multiplier for the policy. */
private final float mBackoffMultiplier; /** The default socket timeout in milliseconds */
public static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2500; /** The default number of retries */
public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES = 1; /** The default backoff multiplier */
public static final float DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT = 1f; /**
* Constructs a new retry policy using the default timeouts.
*/
public DefaultRetryPolicy() {
this(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES, DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT);
} /**
* Constructs a new retry policy.
* @param initialTimeoutMs The initial timeout for the policy.
* @param maxNumRetries The maximum number of retries.
* @param backoffMultiplier Backoff multiplier for the policy.
*/
public DefaultRetryPolicy(int initialTimeoutMs, int maxNumRetries, float backoffMultiplier) {
mCurrentTimeoutMs = initialTimeoutMs;
mMaxNumRetries = maxNumRetries;
mBackoffMultiplier = backoffMultiplier;
} /**
* Returns the current timeout.
*/
@Override
public int getCurrentTimeout() {
return mCurrentTimeoutMs;
} /**
* Returns the current retry count.
*/
@Override
public int getCurrentRetryCount() {
return mCurrentRetryCount;
} /**
* Returns the backoff multiplier for the policy.
*/
public float getBackoffMultiplier() {
return mBackoffMultiplier;
} /**
* Prepares for the next retry by applying a backoff to the timeout.
* @param error The error code of the last attempt.
*/
@Override
public void retry(VolleyError error) throws VolleyError {
mCurrentRetryCount++;
mCurrentTimeoutMs += (mCurrentTimeoutMs * mBackoffMultiplier);
if (!hasAttemptRemaining()) {
throw error;
}
} /**
* Returns true if this policy has attempts remaining, false otherwise.
*/
protected boolean hasAttemptRemaining() {
return mCurrentRetryCount <= mMaxNumRetries;
}
}

2.3 产生Request对象

虽然我们在代码中都会初始化一个Request对象,但是我们要在把他添加到响应队列中后才能得到它的完整体。

public <T> Request<T> add(Request<T> request) {

举例:

com.android.volley.Request<Bitmap> bitmapRequest = mQueue.add(imageRequest);

说明:如果你要设定这个request是不需要进行磁盘缓存的,那么请在把它添加到响应队列之前就进行设置,否则会得到不想要的效果。原因:源码在添加队列时会判断是否需要缓存。

Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
    /**
* Adds a Request to the dispatch queue.
* @param request The request to service
* @return The passed-in request
*/
public <T> Request<T> add(Request<T> request) {
// Tag the request as belonging to this queue and add it to the set of current requests.
request.setRequestQueue(this);
synchronized (mCurrentRequests) {
mCurrentRequests.add(request);
} // Process requests in the order they are added.
request.setSequence(getSequenceNumber());
request.addMarker("add-to-queue"); // If the request is uncacheable, skip the cache queue and go straight to the network.
if (!request.shouldCache()) {
mNetworkQueue.add(request);
return request; // 如果不需要缓存,直接返回request对象,不会执行下面的代码
}
// Insert request into stage if there's already a request with the same cache key in flight.
synchronized (mWaitingRequests) {
String cacheKey = request.getCacheKey();
if (mWaitingRequests.containsKey(cacheKey)) {
// There is already a request in flight. Queue up.
Queue<Request<?>> stagedRequests = mWaitingRequests.get(cacheKey);
if (stagedRequests == null) {
stagedRequests = new LinkedList<Request<?>>();
}
stagedRequests.add(request);
mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, stagedRequests);
if (VolleyLog.DEBUG) {
VolleyLog.v("Request for cacheKey=%s is in flight, putting on hold.", cacheKey);
}
} else {
// Insert 'null' queue for this cacheKey, indicating there is now a request in
// flight.
mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, null);
mCacheQueue.add(request);
}
return request;
}
}
Volley(三)—— ImageRequest & Request简介
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