我需要在运行过程中获取堆栈的基址.这将使我能够打印addr2line将理解的原始堆栈跟踪(运行二进制文件被剥离,但addr2line可以访问符号).
我设法通过检查argv [0]的elf标题来做到这一点：我读取入口点并从& _start中减去它：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <execinfo.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <elf.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void* entry_point = NULL;
void* base_addr = NULL;
extern char _start;

/// given argv[0] will populate global entry_pont
void read_elf_header(const char* elfFile) {
  // switch to Elf32_Ehdr for x86 architecture.
  Elf64_Ehdr header;
  FILE* file = fopen(elfFile, "rb");
  if(file) {
    fread(&header, 1, sizeof(header), file);
    if (memcmp(header.e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) == 0) {
        printf("Entry point from file: %p\n", (void *) header.e_entry);
        entry_point = (void*)header.e_entry;
        base_addr = (void*) ((long)&_start - (long)entry_point);
    }
    fclose(file);
  }
}

/// print stacktrace
void bt() {
    static const int MAX_STACK = 30;
    void *array[MAX_STACK];
    auto size = backtrace(array, MAX_STACK);
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
        printf("%p ", (long)array[i]-(long)base_addr );
    }
    printf("\n");
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    read_elf_header(argv[0]);
    printf("&_start = %p\n",&_start);
    printf("base address is: %p\n", base_addr);
    bt();

    // elf header is also in memory, but to find it I have to already have base address
    Elf64_Ehdr * ehdr_addr = (Elf64_Ehdr *) base_addr;
    printf("Entry from memory: %p\n", (void *) ehdr_addr->e_entry);

    return 0;
}

样本输出：

Entry point from file: 0x10c0
&_start = 0x5648eeb150c0
base address is: 0x5648eeb14000
0x1321 0x13ee 0x29540f8ed09b 0x10ea 
Entry from memory:  0x10c0

然后我可以

$addr2line -e a.out 0x1321 0x13ee 0x29540f8ed09b 0x10ea
/tmp/elf2.c:30
/tmp/elf2.c:45
??:0
??:?

如何在不访问argv的情况下获取基址？我可能需要在main()(初始化全局变量)之前打印跟踪.转动ASLR或PIE不是一种选择.

解决方法:

这段代码与Linux上的base_addr产生相同的值：

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <link.h>

Dl_info info;
void *extra = NULL;
dladdr1(&_start, &info, &extra, RTLD_DL_LINKMAP);
struct link_map *map = extra;
printf("%#llx", (unsigned long long)map->l_addr);

dladdr1 manual page说明RTLD_DL_LINKMAP的以下内容：

RTLD_DL_LINKMAP

Obtain a pointer to the link map for the matched file. The
extra_info argument points to a pointer to a link_map structure (i.e., struct link_map **), defined in as:

06001

请注意,-ldl需要链接动态加载例程.