PyQt5学习笔记-从主窗体打开一个子窗体

2022-02-18 15:52:51

软件环境：

Eric6+Python3.5+PyQt5

试验目标：

1.点击菜单项Open，打开一个子窗体

2.点击按钮Open，打开一个子窗体

主窗体设计：

1、增加一个菜单项Open

2、增加一个按钮Open

子窗体设计：

1、只放一个按钮Exit

设计步骤

1、创建主窗体

启动Eric6,点击顶部菜单Project，点击New，给出Project Name，同时设置项目路径，然后点下面的OK按钮

2、点击如下图的1图标，然后点New form

3、Select a form type，选择Main Window

4.文件名，设置为mainWindow,保存后，则是MainWindow.ui

5、增加菜单，在窗体区域，点鼠标右键，点“创建菜单栏”，这里只增加一个主菜单项File，两个子菜单项Open和Exit

6、在窗体上放置一个按钮Open，从左侧栏找到push button，拖拽到窗体上，修改按钮属性，objectName:btn_Open，Text：Open

7、然后点左上角的保存按钮，关闭Qt Designer

8、增加第子窗体，参照前面第2步，点New form，然后Select a form type，选择Widget,文件名：ChildForm.ui

9、在这个子窗体上增加一个按钮Exit ，从左侧栏拖一个push button,调整按钮大小，修改属性，objectName:btn_Exit，Text：Exit

点左上角的保存按钮，保存这个窗体文件，然后关闭Qt Designer

10、编译窗体，从XXX.ui文件生成ui_XXX.py文件

依次选中这两个文件，点鼠标右键，点Compile form

点窗体左侧的页签图标，可以看到增加了两个文件:Ui_MainWindow.py、Ui_ChildForm.py

11、Ui_MainWindow.py和Ui_ChildForm.py是界面文件，下面增加业务逻辑文件

点页签图标，选中MainWindow.ui文件，点鼠标右键，点选Generate Dialog Code菜单项

12、点New 按钮，className 为MainWindow,然后点OK按钮

13、绑定槽函数，

1)、绑定菜单项槽函数，选择on_ActionXXX_triggered()

依次点开actionExit(QAction)、actionOpen(QAction)，勾选onAction_Exit_triggered()、onAction_Open_triggered()

2)、绑定按钮槽函数，点开btn_Open(QPushButton),勾选on_btn_Open_clicked()

3)、给子窗体绑定槽函数，选中Ui_ChildForm.ui，点鼠标右键，选中Generate Dialog Code菜单项，className命名为ChildForm

勾选on_btn_Exit_clicked()

14、重新编译两个窗体文件

选中一个ui文件，然后点鼠标右键，点选Compile all forms,生成代码文件

点页签，则可以看到，系统新增了两个文件MainWindow.py和ChildForm.py

15、开始完善代码

双击MainWindow.py，打开这个文件，编辑代码，进行相应完善，项目启动，从MainWindow.py进行启动，需要实例化窗体界面类，包括主窗体和子窗体

修改内容：

1)、把.Ui_MainWindow前面的点号去掉，不然运行会报错

2)、导入子窗体

增加语句：from Ui_ChildForm import Ui_ChildForm

16、附相关文件的代码：

1）、MainWindow.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

Module implementing MainWindow.

"""

from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QWidget

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets

from Ui_MainWindow import Ui_MainWindow

from Ui_ChildForm import Ui_ChildForm

class MainWindow(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):

    """

    Class documentation goes here.

    """

    def __init__(self, parent=None):

        """

        Constructor

        @param parent reference to the parent widget

        @type QWidget

        """

        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)

        self.setupUi(self)

    @pyqtSlot()

    def on_btn_Open_clicked(self):

        """

        Slot documentation goes here.

        """

        # TODO: not implemented yet

        #raise NotImplementedError

        ch.show()

    @pyqtSlot()

    def on_actionOpen_triggered(self):

        """

        Slot documentation goes here.

        """

        # TODO: not implemented yet

        #raise NotImplementedError

        ch.show()

    @pyqtSlot()

    def on_actionExit_triggered(self):

        """

        Slot documentation goes here.

        """

        # TODO: not implemented yet

        #raise NotImplementedError

        sys.exit(0)

class ChildForm(QWidget, Ui_ChildForm):

    def __init__(self):

        #super(QWidget, self).__init__(parent)

        super(QWidget, self).__init__()

        self.setupUi(self)

        self.btn_Exit.clicked.connect(self.close)

if __name__ == "__main__":

    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    #实例化主窗体

    mainForm = MainWindow()

    #显示主窗体

    mainForm.show()

    #实例化子窗体

    ch=ChildForm()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

2)、Ui_MainWindow.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'C:\Work\Python\PyQt5\Test\MainWindow.ui'

#

# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.6

#

# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_MainWindow(object):

    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):

        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")

        MainWindow.resize(800, 600)

        self.centralWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)

        self.centralWidget.setObjectName("centralWidget")

        self.btn_Open = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)

        self.btn_Open.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 120, 81, 31))

        self.btn_Open.setObjectName("btn_Open")

        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralWidget)

        self.menuBar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)

        self.menuBar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23))

        self.menuBar.setObjectName("menuBar")

        self.menuFile = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menuBar)

        self.menuFile.setObjectName("menuFile")

        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menuBar)

        self.actionOpen = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)

        self.actionOpen.setObjectName("actionOpen")

        self.actionExit = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)

        self.actionExit.setObjectName("actionExit")

        self.menuFile.addAction(self.actionOpen)

        self.menuFile.addAction(self.actionExit)

        self.menuBar.addAction(self.menuFile.menuAction())

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)

        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):

        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate

        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))

        self.btn_Open.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Open"))

        self.menuFile.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "File"))

        self.actionOpen.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Open"))

        self.actionExit.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Exit"))

if __name__ == "__main__":

    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()

    ui = Ui_MainWindow()

    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)

    MainWindow.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

3)、ChildForm.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

Module implementing ChildForm.

"""

from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget

from Ui_ChildForm import Ui_Form

class ChildForm(QWidget, Ui_Form):

    """

    Class documentation goes here.

    """

    def __init__(self, parent=None):

        """

        Constructor

        @param parent reference to the parent widget

        @type QWidget

        """

        super(ChildForm, self).__init__(parent)

        self.setupUi(self)

    @pyqtSlot()

    def on_btn_Exit_clicked(self):

        """

        Slot documentation goes here.

        """

        # TODO: not implemented yet

        raise NotImplementedError

4)、Ui_ChildForm.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'C:\Work\Python\PyQt5\Test\ChildForm.ui'

#

# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.6

#

# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_ChildForm(object):

    def setupUi(self, Form):

        Form.setObjectName("Form")

        Form.resize(400, 300)

        self.btn_Exit = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)

        self.btn_Exit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(140, 110, 91, 41))

        self.btn_Exit.setObjectName("btn_Exit")

        self.retranslateUi(Form)

        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)

    def retranslateUi(self, Form):

        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate

        Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form"))

        self.btn_Exit.setText(_translate("Form", "Exit"))

if __name__ == "__main__":

    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    Form = QtWidgets.QWidget()

    ui = Ui_ChildForm()

    ui.setupUi(Form)

    Form.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

本示例测试可以运行:

运行，点击顶部的运行图标

设置运行使用的Python解释器及命令行，Python 本项目MainWindow.py的路径,点OK按钮

运行结果：

点菜单项里的Open或点Open按钮，则弹出子窗体

点子窗体里的Exit按钮，则关闭子窗体

代码下载,百度网盘分享:
https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LzUVY2uPggEktCtACwC-JQ

提取码：i0qq

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