教你如何在linux中写脚本提高工作效率

引入:在工作中,为了在开机前预置一些资源在手机系统中,可能有人会用很多方法去实现这个功能?不过,今天告诉大家一个用shell脚本去拷贝的方法,大家先看看以下代码,看是否能看懂 。


#!/bin/bash
PRELOAD_DEST_PICTURES=/data/media/0/Pictures
PRELOAD_FLAG_PICTURES=${PRELOAD_DEST_PICTURES}/.copyfiles
PRELOAD_SOURCE_PICTURES=/vendor/sprd/sprd_media/Pictures
if [ ! -f ${PRELOAD_FLAG_PICTURES} ]
 then
 echo  " ${PRELOAD_SOURCE_PICTURES}/"
   cp -f ${PRELOAD_SOURCE_PICTURES}/Pic1.jpg ${PRELOAD_DEST_PICTURES}
   cp -f ${PRELOAD_SOURCE_PICTURES}/Pic2.jpg ${PRELOAD_DEST_PICTURES}
   cp -f ${PRELOAD_SOURCE_PICTURES}/Pic3.jpg ${PRELOAD_DEST_PICTURES}
   echo "finished" > ${PRELOAD_FLAG_PICTURES}
  echo  " 执行结束 "
fi


以上代码功能很简单,就是把/vendor/sprd/sprd_media/Pictures目录下的几张图片拷贝到/data/media/0/Pictures目录下,然后用一个 .copyfiles 文件是否已经存在去判断是否需要进行拷贝操作,拷贝命令是用Linux命令 。

接下来,我们简单介绍一下上面几行代码的脚本语法规则 :

shell程序的第一行一般都是: #!/bin/sh 

/bin/sh指定shell程序被/bin目录下的sh可执行程序执行。

PRELOAD_DEST_PICTURES=/data/media/0/Pictures ,这是Shell变量赋值语句,Shell是弱类型语言,没有类型这个概念。变量定义时可以初始化,使用=进行初始化赋值。注意:shell对语法非常严格,= 两边不能有空格。变量名的命名须遵循如下规则:首个字符必须为字母(a-z,A-Z);中间不能有空格,可以使用下划线;不能使用标点符号;不能使用关键字。


以上代码还有个知识点就是流程控制:

if [....]

   then….

fi

 “if” 表达式 如果条件为真则执行then后面的部分 。

通常用” [ ] “来表示条件测试。

注意:这里的空格很重要。shell对语法非常严格,要确保方括号左右两边的空格不能少。

[ -f “somefile” ] :判断是否是一个文件

[ -x “/bin/ls” ] :判断/bin/ls是否存在并有可执行权限

[ -n “$var” ] :判断$var变量是否有值

[ “$a” = “$b” ] :判断$a和$b是否相等

上面的代码,就解释到这边 。看看自己对于这个脚本有没有产生兴趣继续学习,如果有,请继续往下看一个比较复杂的案例 。遇到不懂的自己百度学习,学习这个,应该难不倒聪明的你!


最近在安装阿里云服务器的时候,也看到代码中也有一个卸载阿里云linux一键安装web环境的uninstall.sh脚本。如果你有兴趣继续研究的,不妨把这里面的代码研究看看,我已经把全部的代码写出来了,有兴趣的阅读!

#!/bin/bash
if [ "$1" != "in" ];then
 echo "Before cleaning the installation script environment !"
 echo "Please backup your data !!"
 read -p "Enter the y or Y to continue:" isY
 if [ "${isY}" != "y" ] && [ "${isY}" != "Y" ];then
    exit 1
 fi
fi
mkdir -p /alidata
if which mkfs.ext4 > /dev/null ;then
 if ls /dev/xvdb1 &> /dev/null;then
    if cat /etc/fstab|grep /alidata > /dev/null ;then
     if cat /etc/fstab|grep /alidata|grep ext3 > /dev/null ;then
       sed -i "/\/alidata/d" /etc/fstab
     fi
    else
     echo '/dev/xvdb1             /alidata                 ext4    defaults        0 0' >> /etc/fstab
    fi
    mount -a
 fi
else
 if ls /dev/xvdb1 &> /dev/null;then
    if cat /etc/fstab|grep /alidata > /dev/null ;then
     echo ""
    else
     echo '/dev/xvdb1             /alidata                 ext3    defaults        0 0' >> /etc/fstab
    fi
    mount -a
 fi
fi
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop &> /dev/null
/etc/init.d/nginx stop &> /dev/null
/etc/init.d/php-fpm stop &> /dev/null
/etc/init.d/vsftpd stop &> /dev/null
/etc/init.d/httpd stop &> /dev/null
/etc/init.d/tomcat7 stop &> /dev/null
killall mysqld &> /dev/null
killall nginx &> /dev/null
killall httpd &> /dev/null
killall apache2 &> /dev/null
killall vsftpd &> /dev/null
killall php-fpm &> /dev/null
killall java &> /dev/null
echo "--------> Clean up the installation environment"
rm -rf /usr/local/freetype.2.1.10
rm -rf /usr/local/libpng.1.2.50
rm -rf /usr/local/freetype.2.1.10
rm -rf /usr/local/libpng.1.2.50
rm -rf /usr/local/jpeg.6
echo ""
echo "--------> Delete directory"
echo "/alidata/server/mysql             delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/mysql
echo "rm -rf /alidata/server/mysql-*    delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/mysql-*
echo "/alidata/server/tomcat7             delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/tomcat7
echo "rm -rf /alidata/server/tomcat-*    delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/tomcat-*
echo "/alidata/server/java             delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/java
echo "rm -rf /alidata/server/java-*    delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/java-*
echo "/alidata/server/php               delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/php
echo "/alidata/server/php-*             delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/php-*
echo "/alidata/server/nginx             delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/nginx
echo "rm -rf /alidata/server/nginx-*    delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/nginx-*
echo "/alidata/server/httpd             delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/httpd
echo "/alidata/server/httpd-*           delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/httpd-*
echo ""
echo "/alidata/log/php                  delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/log/php
echo "/alidata/log/mysql                delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/log/mysql
echo "/alidata/log/nginx                delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/log/nginx
echo "/alidata/log/httpd                delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/log/httpd
echo ""
echo "/alidata/www/phpwind              delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/www/phpwind
echo ""
echo "--------> Delete file"
echo "/etc/my.cnf                delete ok!"
rm -f /etc/my.cnf
echo "/etc/init.d/mysqld         delete ok!"
rm -f /etc/init.d/mysqld
echo "/etc/init.d/nginx          delete ok!"
rm -f /etc/init.d/nginx
echo "/etc/init.d/php-fpm        delete ok!"
rm -r /etc/init.d/php-fpm
echo "/etc/init.d/httpd          delete ok!"
rm -f /etc/init.d/httpd
echo "/etc/init.d/tomcat7          delete ok!"
rm -f /etc/init.d/tomcat7
echo ""
ifrpm=$(cat /proc/version | grep -E "redhat|centos")
ifdpkg=$(cat /proc/version | grep -Ei "ubuntu|debian")
ifcentos=$(cat /proc/version | grep centos)
echo "--------> Clean up files"
echo "/etc/rc.local                   clean ok!"
if [ "$ifrpm" != "" ];then
 if [ -L /etc/rc.local ];then
   echo ""
 else
   \cp /etc/rc.local /etc/rc.local.bak
   rm -rf /etc/rc.local
   ln -s /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.local
 fi
 sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/mysqld.*/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
 sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/nginx.*/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
 sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/php-fpm.*/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
 sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/vsftpd.*/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
 sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/httpd.*/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
 sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/tomcat7.*/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
 sed -i "/JAVA_HOME=\/alidata\/server\/java/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
else
 sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/mysqld.*/d" /etc/rc.local
 sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/nginx.*/d" /etc/rc.local
 sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/php-fpm.*/d" /etc/rc.local
 sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/vsftpd.*/d" /etc/rc.local
 sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/httpd.*/d" /etc/rc.local
 sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/tomcat7.*/d" /etc/rc.local
 sed -i "/JAVA_HOME=\/alidata\/server\/java/d" /etc/rc.local
fi
echo ""
echo "/etc/profile                    clean ok!"
sed -i "/export PATH=\$PATH\:\/alidata\/server\/mysql\/bin.*/d" /etc/profile
sed -i "/export CLASSPATH=\.\:\$JAVA_HOME\/lib\/dt\.\jar.*/d" /etc/profile
sed -i "/JAVA_HOME=\/alidata\/server\/java/d" /etc/profile
sed -i "/JRE_HOME=\/alidata\/server\/java\/jre/d" /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
echo ""
if [ "$ifrpm" != "" ];then
 yum -y remove vsftpd  &> /dev/null
 cp -f ./ftp/config-ftp/rpm_ftp/* /etc/vsftpd/
 rm -f /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
 rm -f /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
 rm -f /etc/vsftpd/user_list
 rm -f /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
else
 apt-get -y remove vsftpd
 rm -f /etc/vsftpd.conf
 rm -f /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
 rm -f /etc/vsftpd.user_list
 rm -rf /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
fi
echo "vsftpd                    remove ok!"


看完了吗?看到这边的人,说明你对这个Shell脚本很有兴趣,我上面讲的都是一些语法皮毛,我特意给大家准备了本关于Shell脚本学习指南电子书和一些学习视频,有助于你更进一步的深入学习,大家可以扫描下面的二维码,在公众号后台聊天窗口回复:Shell脚本,获得这本电子书!

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