简单的node爬虫练手,循环中的异步转同步
转载:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_24504525/article/details/77856989
看到网上一些基于node做的爬虫项目,自己也想写一下练手,正好同事需要各省市的信息
一、开发环境搭建
- node 安装最新版 后面会用到async、await
- webstrom编辑器
- 新建reptitle文件夹 --> npm init (初始化工程)
二、爬取页面分析
- 入口 ,获取该页面所有的省市,记录下省市名称,及html地址
- 查询省市下面的市区
- 依次爬取,略。。
三、关键代码
1. 代码分析- cheerio包用于解析页面中的html,用法同jquery
- fs 生成文件
- http 发起get请求页面
- async 用于解决异步
- iconv、bufferhelper 用于解析中文乱码
2. 因为http发起的请求是异步,循环中的异步函数不能按照想要的既定顺序执行,所以我用es6、7中的promise async await 将异步函数转化成同步
3. 代码
let http = require("http"); let cheerio = require("cheerio"); let fs = require("fs"); let async = require("async"); let iconv = require('iconv-lite'); let BufferHelper = require('bufferhelper'); let initUrl = "http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2016/index.html"; let url = "http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2016/";//初始url let dataSource = []; /** * @method 生成文件 * @param fileName * @param text */ const createTxt =(fileName,text) =>{ return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{ fs.appendFile("spider/data/"+fileName+".txt",text,"utf-8",function(err){ if(err){ console.log(err) }else{ resolve(true) } }) }) }; /** * @method promise封装http请求 * @returns {Promise.<void>} */ const httpGet = (url) =>{ return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{ http.get(url,(res)=>{ let buffer = new BufferHelper(); res.on("data",(data)=>{ buffer.concat(data); }); res.on("end",()=>{ let buf = buffer.toBuffer(); let html = iconv.decode(buf,'GBK'); let $ = cheerio.load(html); //采用cheerio解析页面 resolve($); }) }) }) }; /** * @method 获取所有省 * @param initUrl * @returns {Promise.<void>} */ async function getProvince(initUrl) { console.time("计时器"); let subUrlArray = []; await httpGet(initUrl).then(($)=>{ let provincetds = $(".provincetr td"); provincetds.each((i)=> { let subUrl = provincetds.eq(i).find("a").attr("href"); let name = provincetds.eq(i).find("a").text(); dataSource.push({ province: name, cityArray: [] }); //将函数参数放入队列 subUrlArray.push({ url: url, subUrl: subUrl, j: i }); }) }); //await的上下文async // console.log(subUrlArray) for(let i=0;i<subUrlArray.length;i++){ console.log("进入"+dataSource[i].province); await startRequest(url,subUrlArray[i].subUrl,i); //根据省生成文件 let fileName = dataSource[i].province; let text = JSON.stringify(dataSource[i].cityArray); await createTxt(fileName,text); } console.timeEnd("计时器"); } /** * @method 根据省查询该省下面的所有市 * @param url * @param subUrl * @param i * @returns {Promise} */ async function startRequest(url,subUrl,i){ let subUrlArray = []; await httpGet(url+subUrl).then(($)=>{ let citytr = $(".citytr"); //保存省市和地址 citytr.each(function(index){ let cityNum = $(this).find("td").eq(0).find("a").text(); let name = $(this).find("td").eq(1).find("a").text(); let cityUrl = $(this).find("td").eq(0).find("a").attr("href"); dataSource[i]["cityArray"].push({ city : name, cityNum : cityNum, countryArray : [] }); //将函数参数放入队列 let countryUrl = url.replace(/.html/,""); subUrlArray.push({ countryUrl: countryUrl, subUrl: cityUrl, }); }); }); for(let j=0;j<subUrlArray.length;j++){ let url = subUrlArray[j].countryUrl; let subUrl = subUrlArray[j].subUrl; await startCounty(url,subUrl,i,j); } } /** * @method 查询市区下面的区县 * @param url * @param subUrl * @param proIndex * @param cityIndex * @returns {Promise.<void>} */ async function startCounty(url,subUrl,proIndex,cityIndex){ let subUrlArray = []; //console.log("进入区县",url+subUrl) await httpGet(url+subUrl).then(($)=>{ let countytr = $(".countytr"); //保存区县和地址 countytr.each(function(i){ //console.log("区县",i) let countyNum = $(this).find("td").eq(0).find("a").text(); let name = $(this).find("td").eq(1).find("a").text(); let areaurl = $(this).find("td").eq(0).find("a").attr("href"); dataSource[proIndex]["cityArray"][cityIndex]["countryArray"].push({ county : name, countyNum : countyNum, areaArray : [], }); let newUrl = subUrl.split(/\//)[0]+"/"+areaurl; if(areaurl){ subUrlArray.push({ newUrl : newUrl, index : i }); } }); }); for(let i=0;i<subUrlArray.length;i++){ let data = subUrlArray[i]; await getTree(url,data.newUrl,proIndex,cityIndex,data.index); } } /** * @method 根据区县爬取街道 * @param url * @param subUrl * @param proIndex * @param cityIndex * @param countyIndex * @returns {Promise.<void>} */ async function getTree(url,subUrl,proIndex,cityIndex,countyIndex){ let subUrlArray = []; //console.log("街道",url+subUrl) await httpGet(url+subUrl).then(($)=>{ let towntr = $(".towntr"); //console.log("towntr",towntr.length) //保存区县和地址 towntr.each(function(i){ let countyNum = $(this).find("td").eq(0).find("a").text(); let name = $(this).find("td").eq(1).find("a").text(); let newurl = $(this).find("td").eq(0).find("a").attr("href"); dataSource[proIndex]["cityArray"][cityIndex]["countryArray"][countyIndex]["areaArray"].push({ area : name, areaNum : countyNum, jwhArray : [], }); let reUrl = subUrl.split(/\//)[0]+"/"+subUrl.split(/\//)[1]+"/"+newurl; if(newurl){ subUrlArray.push({ reUrl : reUrl, index : i }) } }); }); for(let i=0;i<subUrlArray.length;i++){ let data = subUrlArray[i]; await getJwh(url,data.reUrl,proIndex,cityIndex,countyIndex,data.index); } } /** * @method 根据街道爬取办事处 * @param url * @param subUrl * @param proIndex * @param cityIndex * @param countyIndex * @param areaIndex * @returns {Promise.<void>} */ async function getJwh(url,subUrl,proIndex,cityIndex,countyIndex,areaIndex){ let subUrlArray = []; //console.log("getJwh",url+subUrl); await httpGet(url+subUrl).then(($)=>{ let villagetr = $(".villagetr"); //console.log(villagetr.length); villagetr.each(function(i){ let countyNum = $(this).find("td").eq(0).text(); let name = $(this).find("td").eq(2).text(); dataSource[proIndex]["cityArray"][cityIndex]["countryArray"][countyIndex]["areaArray"][areaIndex]["jwhArray"].push({ jwh : name, jwhNum : countyNum, }); //console.log("name",name) }); }) } getProvince(initUrl);