入门
- 如果你用过Spring JavaConfig的话,会发现虽然没有了xml配置的繁琐,但是使用各种注解导入也是很大的坑,
- 然后在使用一下Spring Boot,你会有一缕清风拂过的感觉,
- 真是爽的不得了。。。
官方介绍
- 创建独立的Spring applications
- 能够使用内嵌的Tomcat, Jetty or Undertow,不需要部署war
- 提供starter pom来简化maven配置
- 自动配置Spring
- 提供一些生产环境的特性,比如metrics, health checks and externalized configuration
- 绝对没有代码生成和XML配置要求
项目结构图
核心注解类说明
@RestController
就是@Controller+@ResponseBody组合,支持RESTful访问方式,返回结果都是json字符串
@SpringBootApplication
就是@SpringBootConfiguration+@EnableAutoConfiguration+
@ComponentScan等组合在一下,非常简单,使用也方便
@SpringBootTest
Spring Boot版本1.4才出现的,具有Spring Boot支持的引导程序(例如,加载应用程序、属性,为我们提供Spring Boot的所有精华部分)
关键是自动导入测试需要的类。。。
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.jege.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-hello-world</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>spring-boot-hello-world</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<!-- 公共spring-boot配置,下面依赖jar文件不用在写版本号 -->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<!-- 自动包含以下信息: -->
<!-- 1.使用Java6编译级别 -->
<!-- 2.使UTF-8编码 -->
<!-- 3.实现了通用的测试框架 (JUnit, Hamcrest, Mockito). -->
<!-- 4.智能资源过滤 -->
<!-- 5.智能的插件配置(exec plugin, surefire, Git commit ID, shade). -->
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<!-- spring boot 1.x最后稳定版本 -->
<version>1.4.1.RELEASE</version>
<!-- 表示父模块pom的相对路径,这里没有值 -->
<relativePath />
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<!-- 只在test测试里面运行 -->
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>spring-boot-hello-world</finalName>
<plugins>
<!-- jdk编译插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Application
package com.jege.spring.boot;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
/**
* @author JE哥
* @email 1272434821@qq.com
* @description:spring boot 启动类
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
HelloWorldController
package com.jege.spring.boot.hello.world;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @author JE哥
* @email 1272434821@qq.com
* @description:看看spring-boot的强大和方便
*/
@RestController
public class HelloWorldController {
@RequestMapping("/hello1")
public String hello1() {
return "Hello World";
}
@RequestMapping("/hello2")
public List<String> hello2() {
return Arrays.asList(new String[] { "A", "B", "C" });
}
}
HelloWorldControllerTest
package com.jege.spring.boot.hello.world;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
/**
* @author JE哥
* @email 1272434821@qq.com
* @description:以Mock方式测试Controller
*/
@SpringBootTest
public class HelloWorldControllerTest {
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloWorldController()).build();
}
@Test
public void getHello() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello1").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Hello World")));
}
@Test
public void getHello2() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello2").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[\"A\",\"B\",\"C\"]")));
}
}
运行
运行Application的main方法,打开浏览器:
http://localhost:8080/hello1
输出Hello World
http://localhost:8080/hello2
输出[“A”,”B”,”C”]
运行HelloWorldControllerTest
以Mock方式测试Controller
源码地址
https://github.com/je-ge/spring-boot
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