【小记】：最近基于WinForm+Access数据库完成一个法律咨询管理系统。本系统要求类似网页后台管理效果，并且基于局域网内，完成多客户端操作同一数据库，根据权限不同分别执行不同功能模块。核心模块为级联统计类型管理、数据库咨询数据扇形统计、树的操作、咨询数据的管理、手写分页、Excel数据的导出、多用户操作服务器数据等。并支持多用户同时操作，远程连接数据库且对数据IP信息的修改。开发过程中特别对界面的要求和事后多用户操作显得略为麻烦。自此，本项目得以完善交付，然后对其进行小结。依旧采用整个框架认识，核心知识逐个梳理分析，以便于二次开发和需要之程序员共享。
篇一：WinForm开发总体概述与技术实现
【开篇】运行效果图示和功能介绍
1 登陆信息图示和功能概述
注解：本登陆界面可实现远程连接数据库，点击：服务器设置窗体进行向下展开，在IP地址配置处输入正确的IP地址（前提需要远程连接服务器）。其原理为，App.config文件进行远程连接数据库配置，通过连接IP地址下共享文件夹中的Access数据文件访问。具体远程实现代码在篇二进行展开。并且通过对App.config文件操作进行IP地址的本地保存。
2 主窗体功能模块图示与功能概述
注解：管理员登陆进入主页面可以实现对系统的咨询管理、打印用户报表和咨询报表、对多组合数据扇形图的实现、用户管理、咨询类型级联修改和删除、以及个人信息的修改。律师进入页面后只能对我要咨询操作。整个数据控件的显示效果和布局方式，手写分页、以及如何实现类似网页版效果，后面逐步解析。
【总结】核心知识点梳理
1 如何实现窗体折叠效果？如何读取连接字符串的IP地址？
if (this.Height == 325)
{
button2.Text = "服务器设置 ↑";
this.Height = 465;
}
else
{
button2.Text = "服务器设置 ↓";
this.Height = 325;
}
注：通过设置窗体高度和文本信息进行折叠
//把连接数据库的字符串分割，并填充至文本框
try
{
XDocument doc = XDocument.Load(file);
//Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=//10.130.16.136/db/Legal.accdb
string connstring = doc.Elements("configuration").Elements("connectionStrings").Elements("add").Attributes("connectionString").FirstOrDefault().Value;
string[] array1 = connstring.Split(';');
string str = array1[1].Split('=')[1];// ->//10.130.16.136/db/Legal.accdb
string[] newarray = str.Split('/');
this.textBox3.Text = newarray[2].Split('/')[0].ToString();
}
catch { }
注：通过操作App.config文件，并且进行字符串截取获取IP地址
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2 如何进行连接远程数据库IP地址的设置与保存？
if (textBox3.Text != "")
{
string file = @"C:\db\App.config";
XDocument doc = XDocument.Load(file);
//sql数据库数据库配置
//string connstring = "initial catalog=Highway;Data Source=" + this.textBox3.Text + ";uid=" + this.textBox4.Text + ";pwd=" + this.textBox5.Text + ";";
//access数据库远程配置
//Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=//10.130.16.136/db/Legal.accdb
string connstring = @"Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=//" + textBox3.Text.ToString()+ "/db/Legal.accdb";
doc.Elements("configuration").Elements("connectionStrings").Elements("add").Attributes("connectionString").FirstOrDefault().SetValue(connstring);
doc.Save(file);
//由于DBHelperSQL中的ConnectionString(公共静态变量)未被修改引发的bug
XDocument xdoc = XDocument.Load(file);
string val = doc.Elements("configuration").Elements("connectionStrings").Elements("add").Attributes("connectionString").FirstOrDefault().Value;
SQLHelper.connstr = val;
}
注：在文本框中修改IP地址，然后通过操作本地App.config文件，进行修改保存操作。但是保存后要及时修改配置连接字符串中的数据。
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3 如何进行窗体间传值？
子窗体：
if (dt.Rows[0][1].ToString() == textBox1.Text.ToString() && dt.Rows[0][2].ToString() == textBox2.Text.ToString())
{
int id = Convert.ToInt32(dt.Rows[0]["ID"].ToString());
string type = dt.Rows[0][3].ToString();
string name = this.textBox1.Text.ToString(); ;
this.Hide();
Fm_Main fm = new Fm_Main(id, name, type);
fm.Show();
this.Hide();
}
父窗体：
#region 构造函数接收用户名、管理权限
private string Name;
private string Type;
private int ID;
public Fm_Main() { }
public Fm_Main(int id,string name, string type)
{
InitializeComponent();
this.Name = name;
this.Type = type;
this.ID = id;
}
#endregion
注：在服父窗体写个构造函数，并且定义其属性，然后传参赋值即可。但是在构造函数中添加如下语句： InitializeComponent();否则运行不是自己预期的效果。
4 父窗体如何作为容器，显示子窗体？
//绘制的方式OwnerDrawFixed表示由窗体绘制大小也一样
this.tabControl1.DrawMode = TabDrawMode.OwnerDrawFixed;
this.tabControl1.Padding = new System.Drawing.Point(CLOSE_SIZE, CLOSE_SIZE);
this.tabControl1.DrawItem +=new DrawItemEventHandler(tabControl1_DrawItem);
this.tabControl1.MouseDown += new MouseEventHandler(tabControl1_MouseDown);
#region 绘制tabControl的关闭按钮，以及关闭功能的实现
private void tabControl1_DrawItem(object sender, DrawItemEventArgs e)
{
try
{
Rectangle myTabRect = this.tabControl1.GetTabRect(e.Index);
//先添加TabPage属性
e.Graphics.DrawString(this.tabControl1.TabPages[e.Index].Text, this.Font, SystemBrushes.ControlText, myTabRect.X + , myTabRect.Y + );
//再画一个矩形框
using (Pen p = new Pen(Color.White))
{
myTabRect.Offset(myTabRect.Width - (CLOSE_SIZE + ), );
myTabRect.Width = CLOSE_SIZE;
myTabRect.Height = CLOSE_SIZE;
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(p, myTabRect);
}
//填充矩形框
Color recColor = e.State == DrawItemState.Selected ? Color.White : Color.White;
using (Brush b = new SolidBrush(recColor))
{
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(b, myTabRect);
}
//画关闭符号
using (Pen objpen = new Pen(Color.Black))
{ //使用图片
Bitmap bt = new Bitmap(image);
Point p5 = new Point(myTabRect.X, );
e.Graphics.DrawImage(bt, p5);
//e.Graphics.DrawString(this.MainTabControl.TabPages[e.Index].Text, this.Font, objpen.Brush, p5);
}
e.Graphics.Dispose();
}
catch (Exception)
{ }
}
//鼠标作用事件设置
void tabControl1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
{ int x = e.X, y = e.Y;
//计算关闭区域
Rectangle myTabRect = this.tabControl1.GetTabRect(this.tabControl1.SelectedIndex);
myTabRect.Offset(myTabRect.Width - (CLOSE_SIZE + ), );
myTabRect.Width = CLOSE_SIZE;
myTabRect.Height = CLOSE_SIZE;
//如果鼠标在区域内就关闭选项卡
bool isClose = x > myTabRect.X && x < myTabRect.Right && y > myTabRect.Y && y < myTabRect.Bottom;
if (isClose == true)
{
this.tabControl1.TabPages.Remove(this.tabControl1.SelectedTab);
}
}
}
const int CLOSE_SIZE = ; //tabPage标签图片 Bitmap image = new Bitmap(@"C:\db\btnClose.png");
#endregion
注：首先在窗体加载方法加入以上事件，并且对选项卡关闭进行画图。
5 子窗体怎样加载在父窗体的Panel面板中，且类似网页效果？
//用户管理
private void Moth_User()
{
if (ErgodicModiForm("tbuse", tabControl1) == true)
{
tbUser = new TabPage("用户管理");
tbUser.Name = "tbuse";
tabControl1.Controls.Add(tbUser); UserManage form = new UserManage();
form.TopLevel = false;
form.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.None;
form.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
form.BackColor = Color.White;
form.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Top | AnchorStyles.Left | AnchorStyles.Right;
form.Show();
tbUser.Controls.Add(form);
}
tabControl1.SelectedTab = tbUser;
} //判断选项卡是否存在
private Boolean ErgodicModiForm(string MainTabControlKey, TabControl objTabControl)
{
//遍历选项卡判断是否存在该子窗体
foreach (Control con in objTabControl.Controls)
{
TabPage tab = (TabPage)con;
if (tab.Name == MainTabControlKey)
{
return false;//存在
}
}
return true;//不存在
}
注：通过在父窗体有部分panel面板中，添加
6 视图的平铺、垂直、层叠效果的实现？
#region 视图显示
private void 平铺ToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileHorizontal);
} private void 垂直ToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileVertical);
} private void 层叠ToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.Cascade);
}
#endregion
7 树节点如何导航到父窗体的panel面板？
private void treeView1_AfterSelect_1(object sender, TreeViewEventArgs e)
{
try
{
switch (e.Node.Text.ToString())//字符串
{
case "法律服务中心"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
Moth_Apply();
break;
case "我要咨询"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
Moth_Apply();
break;
case "用户报表导出"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
Moth_Print();
break;
case "咨询报表导出"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
Moth_Print1();
break; case "统计图"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
Moth_Graph();
break;
case "二级统计图"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
Moth_TwoGraph();
break;
case "三级统计图"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
Moth_ThreeGraph();
break;
case "用户查询"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
Moth_User();
break;
case "律师"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
Moth_lvshi();
break;
case "管理员"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
Moth_guanli();
break;
}
}
catch { return; }
}
注：前面5中的方法，在7中遍历调用即可！
8 如何隐藏树中部分节点？
public void HideNotes()
{
for (int i = ; i < this.treeView1.Nodes.Count; i++)
{
FetchNode(this.treeView1.Nodes[i]);//递归根节点的所有子节点
}
}
private void FetchNode(TreeNode node)
{
//nodeList.Add(node);
for (int i = ; i < node.Nodes.Count; i++)
{
if (node.Text == "报表")
{
treeView1.Nodes.Remove(node.Nodes[]);
}
if (node.Text == "法律服务中心")
{
treeView1.Nodes.Remove(node.Nodes[]);
} if (node.Text == "统计图")
{
treeView1.Nodes.Remove(node);
} else
{
FetchNode(node.Nodes[i]);
}
}
}
9 如何实现打包后的窗体类似qq效果，最小化可以在任务栏，点击显示原状态？
//类似qq最小化
private void Fm_Main_SizeChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (this.WindowState == FormWindowState.Minimized)
{
this.Hide();
this.notifyIcon1.Visible = true;
}
} private void notifyIcon1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.Visible = true;
this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
}
10 手写窗体分页效果？
public int pageSize = ; //每页记录数
public int recordCount = ; //总记录数
public int pageCount = ; //总页数
public int currentPage = ; //当前页
public DataTable dtSource = new DataTable();
//加载窗体分页显示数据
private void LoadPage()
{
//数据库操作获得DataTable,获取总页数
string sql = "select * from L_consult order by ID desc";
dtSource = SQLHelper.GetTableData(sql);
recordCount = dtSource.Rows.Count;
pageCount = (recordCount / pageSize);
if ((recordCount % pageSize) > )
{
pageCount++;
}
//逻辑判断页数显示
if (currentPage < ) currentPage = ;
if (currentPage > pageCount) currentPage = pageCount;
int beginRecord;
int endRecord;
DataTable dtTemp;
dtTemp = dtSource.Clone();
beginRecord = pageSize * (currentPage - );
if (currentPage == ) beginRecord = ;
endRecord = pageSize * currentPage;
if (currentPage == pageCount) endRecord = recordCount;
for (int i = beginRecord; i < endRecord; i++)
{
dtTemp.ImportRow(dtSource.Rows[i]);
}
dataGridView2.DataSource = dtTemp;
lblcount.Text = recordCount.ToString();
lblpagecount.Text = pageCount.ToString();
lblpage.Text = pageSize.ToString();
txtindexpage.Text = currentPage.ToString();
} //首页
private void bntfrist_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
currentPage = ;
LoadPage();
}
//上一页
private void bntpriove_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
currentPage--;
LoadPage();
}
//下一页
private void bntnext_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
currentPage++;
LoadPage();
}
//尾页
private void bntlast_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
currentPage = pageCount;
LoadPage();
}
//跳转
private void bntGO_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (txtgo.Text == "")
{
int pageN = ;
}
else
{
int pageN = Convert.ToInt32(txtgo.Text);
currentPage = pageN;
LoadPage();
}
}
注：本功能初始想采用分页控件，后来多次使用失败，总是报错。索性自己手写一个分页控件。需要五个button按钮和2个文本框。
11 代码事件 设置数据控件外观？
/// <summary>
/// 用来记录先前的颜色值
/// </summary>
Color colorTmp = Color.White;
/// <summary>
/// 记录鼠标形状
/// </summary>
Cursor cursorTmp = Cursor.Current;
//设置数据控件外观
private void dataGridView2_DataBindingComplete(object sender, DataGridViewBindingCompleteEventArgs e)
{ for (int i = ; i < dataGridView2.Rows.Count; i++)
{
if (i % == )
{
dataGridView2.Rows[i].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor = Color.Bisque; ;
}
else
{
dataGridView2.Rows[i].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor = Color.White;
}
}
}
//鼠标划过
private void dataGridView2_CellMouseEnter(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
{
if (e.RowIndex >= )
{
colorTmp = dataGridView2.Rows[e.RowIndex].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor;
dataGridView2.Rows[e.RowIndex].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor = Color.Silver;
if (e.ColumnIndex == )//改变第二列鼠标形状
{
cursorTmp = this.Cursor;
this.Cursor = Cursors.Hand;
}
}
}
//鼠标离开
private void dataGridView2_CellMouseLeave(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
{
if (e.RowIndex >= )
{
dataGridView2.Rows[e.RowIndex].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor = colorTmp;
if (e.ColumnIndex == )
{
this.Cursor = cursorTmp;
}
}
}
12 执行删改获取当前数据主键？
int index = dataGridView2.CurrentRow.Index;
int EmpId = Convert.ToInt32(dataGridView2.Rows[index].Cells[0].Value.ToString());
13 数据类型管理，实现级联删除？
//级联删除
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (dataGridView1.SelectedRows.Count > )
{
if (dataGridView1.Rows.Count > )
{
int index = dataGridView1.CurrentRow.Index;
int EmpId = Convert.ToInt32(dataGridView1.Rows[index].Cells[].Value.ToString()); if (MessageBox.Show("删除后将不能恢复！", "提示信息", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Warning) == DialogResult.OK)
{
//删除A表
string asql = "delete from A_type where ID=" + EmpId;//删除父级别类型
//删除B表
string sqlaname = "select name from A_type where ID="+EmpId;//条件关联删除子表
DataTable dt = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetTableData(sqlaname);
string aname = dt.Rows[]["name"].ToString();
string sqlbname = "select bname from B_type where aname='" + aname + "'";//条件关联删除子表
DataTable dtb = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetTableData(sqlbname);
int c=;
for (int i = ; i < dtb.Rows.Count; i++)
{
string bname = dtb.Rows[i][].ToString();
string csql = "delete from C_type where bname='" + bname + "'";//删除父级别类型
c = SQLHelper.ExecuteQuery(csql);
}
string bsql = "delete from B_type where aname='" + aname+"'";//删除父级别类型
//删除C表 int b = SQLHelper.ExecuteQuery(bsql);
int a = SQLHelper.ExecuteQuery(asql);
if (a > &&b>&&c>)
{
MessageBox.Show("删除成功！");
this.LoadPage();
}
}
}
}
}
14 数据类型管理，实现级联修改？
//级联修改
private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
if (IsNull() == true)
{
int index = dataGridView1.CurrentRow.Index;
int EmpId = Convert.ToInt32(dataGridView1.Rows[index].Cells[].Value.ToString());
//修改a表
string asql = "update A_type set name='" + txttype1.Text.ToString() + "' where ID=" + EmpId; string sqlaname = "select name from A_type where ID=" + EmpId;//条件关联子表
DataTable dt = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetTableData(sqlaname);
string aname = dt.Rows[]["name"].ToString();
int a = SQLHelper.ExecuteQuery(asql);
DataTable dta = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetTableData(sqlaname);
string aaname = dta.Rows[]["name"].ToString();
//修改b表
string bsql = "update B_type set aname='" + aaname + "' where aname='" + aname + "'"; int b = SQLHelper.ExecuteQuery(bsql);
if (a > &&b>)
{
MessageBox.Show("添加成功！");
this.LoadPage();
this.Clear();
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("添加失败！");
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message + ex.StackTrace);
}
}
15 Access数据库连接语句，如何实现远程连接？
App.config本地配置连接语句：
<add name="sql" connectionString="Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source='C:\Users\bncPc\Desktop\Form_legal\Form_legal\db\Legal.accdb'" />
App.config远程配置连接语句：
<add name="sql" connectionString="Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=//10.130.16.137/db/Legal.accdb" />
16 Access数据库操作，封装执行方法？
//读取配置文件中的连接字符串
public static string connstr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["sql"].ConnectionString;
// public static string connstr =@"Provider=MS Remote; Remote Server=http://10.130.16.135; Remote Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source='C:\Users\bncPc\Desktop\Form_legal\Form_legal\db\Legal.accdb'"; //static string connstr = "data source=ORCL;User Id=system;Password=orcl";
// static string connstr = @"Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=//10.130.16.135/db2/Legal.accdb;Persist Security Info=False" "; //public static string connstr = @"Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=//10.130.16.135/db2/Legal.accdb";
public static bool TestConn()
{
OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connstr);
bool flag = true;
if (conn != null)
{
try
{
conn.Open();
flag = true;
}
catch
{
flag=false;
return flag;
}
}
else
{
flag=false;
}
return flag;
}
public static DataSet GetSetData(string sql)
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
using (OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connstr))
{
using (OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, conn))
{
//根据传来的参数。决定是sql语句还是存储过程
//cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
conn.Open();
using (OleDbDataAdapter sda = new OleDbDataAdapter(cmd))
{
sda.Fill(ds);
}
}
}
return ds;
}
public static DataTable GetTableData(string sql)
{
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
using (OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connstr))
{
try
{
using (OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, conn))
{
//根据传来的参数。决定是sql语句还是存储过程
//cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
conn.Open();
using (OleDbDataAdapter sda = new OleDbDataAdapter(cmd))
{
sda.Fill(dt);
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
dt = null;
return dt;
}
}
return dt;
}
public static int ExecuteQuery(string sql)
{
int res = -;
using (OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connstr))
{
using (OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, conn))
{
conn.Open();
res = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
return res;
} public static int ExecuteScalar(string sql)
{
int res = -;
using (OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connstr))
{
using (OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, conn))
{
conn.Open();
res = Convert.ToInt32(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
}
}
return res;
}
【篇末】项目小结
本程序对数据控件的外观设置、手写分页、树操作、远程数据库配置等。特别是对父窗体Panel面板的页面显示略为复杂。其他基本事件操作和易错点与忽略点做以总结。下章具体展开对数据信息的导出和扇形统计图的绘制。最后一篇介绍整体配置和安装需求等实施总结！