随着密码学技术的发展,MD5哈希算法构造的密码越来越不安全,所以,PG顺应发展,从10版本开始支持了SCRAM-SHA-256加密算法,因为使用的新的哈希算法。使得在暴力破解的时候花费的代价更加昂贵。那么,接下来,在PG中看一下如何从MD5切换到SCRAM-SHA-256。
首先,太老的的驱动不支持SCRAM-SHA-256,都会报错,如JDBC,会报The authentication type 10 is not supported。那么就需要升级驱动。
接下来就是数据库服务端修改配置:
#修改postgresql.conf参数文件
password_encryption = scram-sha-256
#重新载入配置文件
pg_ctl reload -D $PGDATA
或
SELECT pg_reload_conf();
#查看参数配置是否修改成功
SHOW password_encryption;
#重置用户密码
\password user_name
#修改pg_hba.conf验证方法,然后reload即可
如:
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
改为
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 scram-sha-256
实例:
#通过\password user_name修改了hank用户密码
postgres=# select rolname,rolpassword from pg_authid where rolname in('hank','zabbix');
rolname | rolpassword
---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
zabbix | md5435f13d666b53dd9b4b829e237213fd8
hank | SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:yqNGsct76W5ZjPvMxxjzRw==$NmR4QIuHRlhu+I/HP1TQ4OC6stmtgN6Oc7oZa76tKxQ=:kNOwGMU+tSbJ2QQiD1Hb/rCKX7/coQEdkeUjD9+pEhE=
#pg_hba.conf没有修改,但是同样可以通过密码登陆,这是pg的一个兼容性特性,即使没写SCRAM-SHA-256,可以自动识别密码为SCRAM-SHA-256加密的,然后验证通过,而且使用老的MD5加密的用户也可以正常登陆
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
psql -h ******* -p 1921 -U hank
Password for user hank:
psql (12.6)
Type "help" for help.
hank=>
#如果修改pg_hba.conf为scram-sha-256,即使zabbix用户写对密码,也无法正常登陆,如下,只有通过scram-sha-256加密的hank用户可正常登陆,也可以查看视图pg_hba_file_rules
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 scram-sha-256
psql -h xxxxx -p 1921 -U zabbix
Password for user zabbix:
psql: error: FATAL: password authentication failed for user "zabbix"
psql -h xxxxxx -p 1921 -U hank
Password for user hank:
psql (12.6)
Type "help" for help.
hank=>
#修改密码后,可正常登陆
postgres=# \password zabbix
Enter new password:
Enter it again:
postgres=# select rolname,rolpassword from pg_authid where rolname in('hank','zabbix');
rolname | rolpassword
---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hank | SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:yqNGsct76W5ZjPvMxxjzRw==$NmR4QIuHRlhu+I/HP1TQ4OC6stmtgN6Oc7oZa76tKxQ=:kNOwGMU+tSbJ2QQiD1Hb/rCKX7/coQEdkeUjD9+pEhE=
zabbix | SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:Q2LODw88k0a3G9cr36Crvw==$EhBkOVbaNIxpqZADeYGCQE6LIam/k+aqmdQqBuxJM28=:Xw+ySsSGidAdvfQ/98LL38NnK1wsT96sivwtJZ144vU=
(2 rows)
psql -h xxxxxxxx -p 1921 -U zabbix
Password for user zabbix:
psql (12.6)
Type "help" for help.
zabbix=>