Map是c++的一个标准容器,她提供了很好一对一的关系,在一些程序中建立一个map可以起到事半功倍的效果,总结了一些map基本简单实用的操作!
1.map最基本的构造函数;
map<string , int >mapstring; map<int ,string >mapint; map<string, char>mapstring; map< char ,string>mapchar; map<char ,int>mapchar; map<int ,char >mapint;
2. map添加数据;
map<int ,string> maplive; maplive.insert(pair<int,string>(,"aclive")); maplive.insert(map<int,string>::value_type(,"hai")); maplive[]="April";//map中最简单最常用的插入添加!
3,map中元素的查找:
find()函数返回一个迭代器指向键值为key的元素,如果没找到就返回指向map尾部的迭代器。
map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;; l_it=maplive.find(); if(l_it==maplive.end()) cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl; else
cout<<"wo find 112"<<endl;
4,map中元素的删除: 如果删除112;
map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;; l_it=maplive.find(); if(l_it==maplive.end()) cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl; else maplive.erase(l_it); //delete 112;
5,map中 swap的用法: Map中的swap不是一个容器中的元素交换,而是两个容器交换;
For example:
#include <map> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main( ) { map <int, int> m1, m2, m3; map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter; m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( , ) ); m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( , ) ); m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( , ) ); m2.insert ( pair <int, int> ( , ) ); m2.insert ( pair <int, int> ( , ) ); m3.insert ( pair <int, int> ( , ) ); cout << "The original map m1 is:"; for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) cout << " " << m1_Iter->second; cout << "." << endl; m1.swap( m2 ); // This is the member function version of swap //m2 is said to be the argument map; m1 the target map cout << "After swapping with m2, map m1 is:"; for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second; cout << "." << endl; cout << "After swapping with m2, map m2 is:"; for ( m1_Iter = m2.begin( ); m1_Iter != m2.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second; cout << "." << endl; swap( m1, m3 ); // This is the specialized template version of swap cout << "After swapping with m3, map m1 is:"; for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second; cout << "." << endl; }
6.map的sort问题: Map中的元素是自动按key升序排序,所以不能对map用sort函数:
For example:
#include <map> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main( ) { map <int, int> m1; map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter; m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( , ) ); m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( , ) ); m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( , ) ); m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( , ) ); m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( , ) ); m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( , ) ); cout << "The original map m1 is:"<<endl; for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) cout << m1_Iter->first<<" "<<m1_Iter->second<<endl; } The original map m1 is: 请按任意键继续. . .
7, map的基本操作函数: C++ Maps是一种关联式容器,
包含“关键字/值”对
begin() 返回指向map头部的迭代器
clear() 删除所有元素
count() 返回指定元素出现的次数
empty() 如果map为空则返回true
end() 返回指向map末尾的迭代器
equal_range() 返回特殊条目的迭代器对
erase() 删除一个元素
find() 查找一个元素
get_allocator() 返回map的配置器
insert() 插入元素
key_comp() 返回比较元素key的函数
lower_bound() 返回键值>=给定元素的第一个位置
max_size() 返回可以容纳的最大元素个数
rbegin() 返回一个指向map尾部的逆向迭代器
rend() 返回一个指向map头部的逆向迭代器
size() 返回map中元素的个数
swap() 交换两个map
upper_bound() 返回键值>给定元素的第一个位置
value_comp() 返回比较元素value的函数