Python之路【第八篇】：堡垒机实例以及数据库操作
堡垒机前戏
开发堡垒机之前，先来学习Python的paramiko模块，该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作
SSHClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令
基于用户名密码连接：
import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', password='123')
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
print stdout.read()
transport.close()
基于公钥密钥连接：
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')
# 创建SSH对象ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())# 连接服务器ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', key=private_key)
# 执行命令stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
# 获取命令结果result = stdout.read()
# 关闭连接ssh.close() |
SSHClient 封装 Transport
SFTPClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载
基于用户名密码上传下载
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import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname',22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi',password='123')
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.pysftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_pathsftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
transport.close() |
基于公钥密钥上传下载
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')
transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key )
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.pysftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_pathsftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
transport.close() |
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
import uuid class Haproxy(object): def __init__(self):
self.host = '172.16.103.191'
self.port = 22
self.username = 'wupeiqi'
self.pwd = '123'
self.__k = None def create_file(self):
file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
with open(file_name,'w') as f:
f.write('sb')
return file_name def run(self):
self.connect()
self.upload()
self.rename()
self.close() def connect(self):
transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def upload(self):
# 连接，上传
file_name = self.create_file() sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(file_name, '/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py') def rename(self): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = self.__transport
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py')
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read() ha = Haproxy()
ha.run()
堡垒机的实现
实现思路：
堡垒机执行流程：
- 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号（将公钥放置服务器，或者使用用户名密码）
- 用户登陆堡垒机，输入堡垒机用户名密码，现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
- 用户选择服务器，并自动登陆
- 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录
注：配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
实现过程
步骤一，实现用户登陆
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import getpass
user = raw_input('username:')
pwd = getpass.getpass('password')
if user == 'alex' and pwd == '123':
print '登陆成功'
else:
print '登陆失败'
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步骤二，根据用户获取相关服务器列表
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dic = {
'alex': [
'172.16.103.189',
'c10.puppet.com',
'c11.puppet.com',
],
'eric': [
'c100.puppet.com',
]
}host_list = dic['alex']
print 'please select:'
for index, item in enumerate(host_list, 1):
print index, item
inp = raw_input('your select (No):')
inp = int(inp)
hostname = host_list[inp-1]
port = 22
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步骤三，根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器
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tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,))
tran.start_client()default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path)
tran.auth_publickey('wupeiqi', key)
# 打开一个通道chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端chan.get_pty()# 激活器chan.invoke_shell()########## 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作# 用户在终端输入内容，并将内容发送至远程服务器# 远程服务器执行命令，并将结果返回# 用户终端显示内容#########chan.close()tran.close() |
while True:
# 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据
# sys.stdin 处理用户输入
# chan 是之前创建的通道，用于接收服务器返回信息
readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)
if chan in readable:
try:
x = chan.recv(1024)
if len(x) == 0:
print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',
break
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in readable:
inp = sys.stdin.readline()
chan.sendall(inp)
# 获取原tty属性
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
# 为tty设置新属性
# 默认当前tty设备属性：
# 输入一行回车，执行
# CTRL+C 进程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊处理。 # 这是为原始模式，不认识所有特殊符号
# 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端，如此设置，将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
chan.settimeout(0.0) while True:
# 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据（socket）
# 阻塞，直到句柄可读
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)
if chan in r:
try:
x = chan.recv(1024)
if len(x) == 0:
print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',
break
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in r:
x = sys.stdin.read(1)
if len(x) == 0:
break
chan.send(x) finally:
# 重新设置终端属性
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
def windows_shell(chan):
import threading sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n") def writeall(sock):
while True:
data = sock.recv(256)
if not data:
sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')
sys.stdout.flush()
break
sys.stdout.write(data)
sys.stdout.flush() writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
writer.start() try:
while True:
d = sys.stdin.read(1)
if not d:
break
chan.send(d)
except EOFError:
# user hit ^Z or F6
pass
注：密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)
详见：paramiko源码demo
数据库操作
Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装
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linux： yum install MySQL-python
window： http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/py-mysql-win.zip
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SQL基本使用
1、数据库操作
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show databases;use [databasename];create database [name]; |
2、数据表操作
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show tables;create table students (
id int not null auto_increment primary key,
name char(8) not null,
sex char(4) not null,
age tinyint unsigned not null,
tel char(13) null default "-"
);
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CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` (
`id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL,
`catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`content` text NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`)
) ;
3、数据操作
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insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values('alex','man',18,'151515151')
delete from students where id =2;
update students set name = 'sb' where id =1;
select * from students
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4、其他
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主键外键左右连接 |
Python MySQL API
一、插入数据
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import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',('alex','usa'))
# reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'}) conn.commit() cur.close()conn.close() print reCount
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import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb') cur = conn.cursor() li =[
('alex','usa'),
('sb','usa'),
]
reCount = cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li) conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close() print reCount
注意：cur.lastrowid
二、删除数据
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import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute('delete from UserInfo')
conn.commit()cur.close()conn.close()print reCount
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三、修改数据
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import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute('update UserInfo set Name = %s',('alin',))
conn.commit()cur.close()conn.close()print reCount
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四、查数据
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# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ##############################import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute('select * from UserInfo')
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll(-1,mode='relative')
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute')
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.close()conn.close()print reCount
# ############################## fetchall ##############################import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
#cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute('select Name,Address from UserInfo')
nRet = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()conn.close()print reCount
print nRet
for i in nRet:
print i[0],i[1]
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