C# IOC容器之Autofac的使用

2021-11-06 22:32:48

IOC容器之Autofac的使用：以MVC做演示

一. 创建一个空白MVC5的项目

二.添加Autofac (这里直接通过Nuget包添加）添加Autofac.Mvc5

　　　　在添加时,部分人可能会报错！提示无法安装Autofac 5.0

C# IOC容器之Autofac的使用

　　原因是MVC版本跟Autofac版本不兼容

　　我创建的MVc版本是5.0 此时安装Autofac时把Autofac的版本安装4.0.2 即解决了这个报错问题

三.编写代码

　　1.新建一个IService接口类

1  //定位Service程序集
2     public interface IService
3     {
4     }

　　创建需要注入的服务类

　　2.在新建一个用户服务类

 1 using Entity;
 2     public interface IUserService
 3     {
 4         string AddUserInfo(Sys_User user);
 5 
 6         string GetUserPhone(string UserId);
 7     }
 8 
 9     public class UserService : IUserService
10     {
11         public string AddUserInfo(Sys_User user)
12         {
13             string newId = "1000000";
14             return string.Format("{0},注册成功 ID为：{1}", user.Name, newId);
15         }
16 
17         public string GetUserPhone(string UserId)
18         {
19             return "18900000000";
20         }
21     }

　　3.在新建一个信息处理服务类

 1 public interface IMessageService
 2     {
 3         void SendMessage(string Msg);
 4 
 5         string GetMessage(string UserID);
 6     }
 7 
 8     public class MessageService : IMessageService
 9     {
10         public string GetMessage(string UserID)
11         {
12             return "Hello World!";
13         }
14 
15         public void SendMessage(string Msg)
16         {
17             //发送成功
18         }
19     }

　　4.在创建一个ServiceLocator类，用来获取注入的服务

 1 using Autofac;//引包
 2     /// <summary>
 3     /// Autofac的服务定位器
 4     /// </summary>
 5     public class ServiceLocator
 6     {
 7         private static IContainer _container;
 8 
 9         /// <summary>
10         /// 设置Ico容器
11         /// </summary>
12         /// <param name="container"></param>
13         public static void SetContainer(IContainer container)
14         {
15             _container = container;
16         }
17 
18         /// <summary>
19         /// 获取服务
20         /// </summary>
21         /// <typeparam name="IService"></typeparam>
22         /// <returns></returns>
23         public static IService GetService<IService>()
24         {
25             return _container.Resolve<IService>();
26         }
27 
28         /// <summary>
29         /// 获取容器对象
30         /// </summary>
31         /// <returns></returns>
32         public static IContainer GetContainer()
33         {
34             return _container;
35         }
36     }

　　5.在项目Global.asax中注册服务类

 1 using Autofac;
 2     using Autofac.Integration.Mvc;
 3     using Service;
 4 
 5     public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
 6     {
 7         protected void Application_Start()
 8         {
 9             AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
10             RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
11 
12             //获取Autofac容器构造器
13             var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
14             //注册IService接口的程序集中包含Service的接口
15             builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(typeof(Service.IService.IService).Assembly)
16                 .Where(t => t.Name.EndsWith("Service")) 
17                 .AsImplementedInterfaces();
18             //注册项目的Controllers
19             builder.RegisterControllers(System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()).PropertiesAutowired();
20 
21             //获取注入容器
22             var container = builder.Build();
23             //设置服务容器
24             ServiceLocator.SetContainer(container);
25             //设置MVC的注入解析程序
26             DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new AutofacDependencyResolver(ServiceLocator.GetContainer()));
27         }
28     }

　　6.注入服务及调用

 1     using Entity;
 2     using Service;
 3     using Service.IService;
 4     public class HomeController : Controller
 5     {
 6         //两种方式获取注入的服务
 7 
 8         private readonly IUserService userService;
 9         //通过服务容器获取
10         private readonly IMessageService messageService = ServiceLocator.GetService<IMessageService>();
11 
12         //通过构造函数注入
13         public HomeController(IUserService _userService)
14         {
15             this.userService = _userService;
16         }
17 
18         public ActionResult Index()
19         {
20             this.ViewBag.UserPhone = this.userService.GetUserPhone("张三");
21             this.ViewBag.Message = this.messageService.GetMessage("");
22             return View();
23         }
24     }