一、什么是ASM
ASM是一个java字节码操纵框架,它能被用来动态生成类或者增强既有类的功能。ASM 可以直接产生二进制 class 文件,也可以在类被加载入 Java 虚拟机之前动态改变类行为。Java class 被存储在严格格式定义的 .class文件里,这些类文件拥有足够的元数据来解析类中的所有元素:类名称、方法、属性以及 Java 字节码(指令)。ASM从类文件中读入信息后,能够改变类行为,分析类信息,甚至能够根据用户要求生成新类。
使用ASM框架需要导入asm的jar包,下载链接:asm-3.2.jar。
二、如何使用ASM
ASM框架中的核心类有以下几个:
① ClassReader:该类用来解析编译过的class字节码文件。
② ClassWriter:该类用来重新构建编译后的类,比如说修改类名、属性以及方法,甚至可以生成新的类的字节码文件。
③ ClassAdapter:该类也实现了ClassVisitor接口,它将对它的方法调用委托给另一个ClassVisitor对象。
示例1.通过asm生成类的字节码
1 package com.asm3;
2
3 import java.io.File;
4 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
5 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
6 import java.io.IOException;
7
8 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;
9 import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
10
11 /**
12 * 通过asm生成类的字节码
13 * @author Administrator
14 *
15 */
16 public class GeneratorClass {
17
18 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
19 //生成一个类只需要ClassWriter组件即可
20 ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(0);
21 //通过visit方法确定类的头部信息
22 cw.visit(Opcodes.V1_5, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT+Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE,
23 "com/asm3/Comparable", null, "java/lang/Object", new String[]{"com/asm3/Mesurable"});
24 //定义类的属性
25 cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,
26 "LESS", "I", null, new Integer(-1)).visitEnd();
27 cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,
28 "EQUAL", "I", null, new Integer(0)).visitEnd();
29 cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,
30 "GREATER", "I", null, new Integer(1)).visitEnd();
31 //定义类的方法
32 cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT, "compareTo",
33 "(Ljava/lang/Object;)I", null, null).visitEnd();
34 cw.visitEnd(); //使cw类已经完成
35 //将cw转换成字节数组写到文件里面去
36 byte[] data = cw.toByteArray();
37 File file = new File("D://Comparable.class");
38 FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(file);
39 fout.write(data);
40 fout.close();
41 }
42 }
生成一个类的字节码文件只需要用到ClassWriter类即可,生成Comparable.class后用javap指令对其进行反编译:javap -c Comparable.class >test.txt ,编译后的结果如下:
1 public interface com.asm3.Comparable extends com.asm3.Mesurable {
2 public static final int LESS;
3
4 public static final int EQUAL;
5
6 public static final int GREATER;
7
8 public abstract int compareTo(java.lang.Object);
9 }
注:一个编译后的java类不包含package和import段,因此在class文件中所有的类型都使用的是全路径。
示例2.修改类的字节码文件
C.java
1 package com.asm5;
2
3 public class C {
4 public void m() throws InterruptedException{
5 Thread.sleep(100);
6 }
7 }
将C.java类的内容改为如下:
1 package com.asm5;
2
3 public class C {
4 public static long timer;
5 public void m() throws InterruptedException{
6 timer -= System.currentTimeMillis();
7 Thread.sleep(100);
8 timer += System.currentTimeMillis();
9 }
10 }
为了弄清楚ASM是如何实现的,我们先编译这两个类,然后比对它们的TraceClassVisitor的输出,我们可以发现如下的不同(粗体表示)
GETSTATIC C.timer : J
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/System.currentTimilis()J
LSUB
PUTSTATIC C.timer : J
LDC 100
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/Thread.sleep(J)V
GETSTATIC C.timer : J
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/System.currentTimilis()J
LADD
PUTSTATIC C.timer : J
RETURN
MAXSTACK=4
MAXLOCALS=1
通过比对上面的指令,我们可以发现必须在m()方法的最前面增加四条指令,在RETURN指令前也增加四条指令,同时这四条必须位于xRETURN和ATHROW之前,因为这些指令都会结束方法的执行。
具体代码如下:
AddTimeClassAdapter.java
1 package com.asm5;
2
3 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassAdapter;
4 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor;
5 import org.objectweb.asm.FieldVisitor;
6 import org.objectweb.asm.MethodAdapter;
7 import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;
8 import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
9
10 public class AddTimeClassAdapter extends ClassAdapter {
11 private String owner;
12 private boolean isInterface;
13 public AddTimeClassAdapter(ClassVisitor cv) {
14 super(cv);
15 }
16 @Override
17 public void visit(int version, int access, String name, String signature,
18 String superName, String[] interfaces) {
19 cv.visit(version, access, name, signature, superName, interfaces);
20 owner = name;
21 isInterface = (access & Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE) != 0;
22 }
23 @Override
24 public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String desc,
25 String signature, String[] exceptions) {
26 MethodVisitor mv = cv.visitMethod(access, name, desc, signature, exceptions);
27 if(!name.equals("<init>") && !isInterface && mv!=null){
28 //为方法添加计时功能
29 mv = new AddTimeMethodAdapter(mv);
30 }
31 return mv;
32 }
33 @Override
34 public void visitEnd() {
35 //添加字段
36 if(!isInterface){
37 FieldVisitor fv = cv.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, "timer", "J", null, null);
38 if(fv!=null){
39 fv.visitEnd();
40 }
41 }
42 cv.visitEnd();
43 }
44
45 class AddTimeMethodAdapter extends MethodAdapter{
46 public AddTimeMethodAdapter(MethodVisitor mv) {
47 super(mv);
48 }
49 @Override
50 public void visitCode() {
51 mv.visitCode();
52 mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");
53 mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J");
54 mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LSUB);
55 mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");
56 }
57 @Override
58 public void visitInsn(int opcode) {
59 if((opcode>=Opcodes.IRETURN && opcode<=Opcodes.RETURN) || opcode==Opcodes.ATHROW){
60 mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");
61 mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J");
62 mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LADD);
63 mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");
64 }
65 mv.visitInsn(opcode);
66 }
67 @Override
68 public void visitMaxs(int maxStack, int maxLocal) {
69 mv.visitMaxs(maxStack+4, maxLocal);
70 }
71 }
72
73 }
Generator.java
1 package com.asm5;
2
3 import java.io.File;
4 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
5 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
6 import java.io.IOException;
7
8 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassAdapter;
9 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader;
10 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;
11
12
13
14 public class Generator {
15
16 public static void main(String[] args){
17 try {
18 ClassReader cr = new ClassReader("com/asm5/C");
19 ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS);
20 ClassAdapter classAdapter = new AddTimeClassAdapter(cw);
21 //使给定的访问者访问Java类的ClassReader
22 cr.accept(classAdapter, ClassReader.SKIP_DEBUG);
23 byte[] data = cw.toByteArray();
24 File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\WebRoot\\WEB-INF\\classes\\com\\asm5\\C.class");
25 FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(file);
26 fout.write(data);
27 fout.close();
28 System.out.println("success!");
29 } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
30 e.printStackTrace();
31 } catch (IOException e) {
32 e.printStackTrace();
33 }
34 }
35
36 }
下面是一个测试类:
1 package com.asm5;
2
3 public class Test {
4 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
5 C c = new C();
6 c.m();
7 Class cc = c.getClass();
8 System.out.println(cc.getField("timer").get(c));
9 }
10 }
输出结果为:100