一、问题
我在尝试着写一个文字游戏，遇到了一个函数错误，这个函数实现的功能是：在你输入完字符后，就会消耗你的技能分。刚开始时报错信息显示我在试图用一个整数减去一个字符，对应代码为“balance - strength”，这个错误很明显，因此我将其改为“strength = int(strength)”修复了... 但是现在我遇到了一个以前从未见过的错误(o(╯□╰)o我是一个新手)，我不知道它试图在告诉我什么以及如何修复它。
以下为该函数对应的代码：
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def attributeSelection():
balance = 25
print("Your SP balance is currently 25.")
strength = input("How much SP do you want to put into strength?")
strength = int(strength)
balanceAfterStrength = balance - strength
if balanceAfterStrength == 0:
print("Your SP balance is now 0.")
attributeConfirmation()
elif strength < 0:
print("That is an invalid input. Restarting attribute selection. Keep an eye on your balance this time!")
attributeSelection()
elif strength > balance:
print("That is an invalid input. Restarting attribute selection. Keep an eye on your balance this time!")
attributeSelection()
elif balanceAfterStrength > 0 and balanceAfterStrength < 26:
print("Ok. You're balance is now at " + balanceAfterStrength + " skill points.")
else:
print("That is an invalid input. Restarting attribute selection.")
attributeSelection()
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以下为运行此部分代码后的报错信息：
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Your SP balance is currently 25.
How much SP do you want to put into strength?5
Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python32\APOCALYPSE GAME LIBRARY\apocalypseGame.py", line 205, in <module>
gender()
File "C:\Python32\APOCALYPSE GAME LIBRARY\apocalypseGame.py", line 22, in gender
customizationMan()
File "C:\Python32\APOCALYPSE GAME LIBRARY\apocalypseGame.py", line 54, in customizationMan
characterConfirmation()
File "C:\Python32\APOCALYPSE GAME LIBRARY\apocalypseGame.py", line 93, in characterConfirmation
characterConfirmation()
File "C:\Python32\APOCALYPSE GAME LIBRARY\apocalypseGame.py", line 85, in characterConfirmation
attributeSelection()
File "C:\Python32\APOCALYPSE GAME LIBRARY\apocalypseGame.py", line 143, in attributeSelection
print("Ok. You're balance is now at " + balanceAfterStrength + " skill points.")
TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly
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(提问者报错信息中涉及较多，部分为其项目代码文件。为缩短报错信息，我将提问者所提到的函数部分代码粘贴到本机后，运行完对应的报错信息如下)
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Your SP balance is currently 25.
How much SP do you want to put into strength?5
Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 26, in <module>
attributeSelection()
File "test.py", line 20, in attributeSelection
print("Ok. You're balance is now at " + balanceAfterStrength + " skill points.")
TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'int' objects
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有人知道如何解决这个问题吗？先行感谢。
二、答案
你不能将整型(int)与字符串(string)连在一起。你需要使用'str'函数将整型(int)转换为字符型(string)，或者使用'formatting'格式化输出。
将
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print("Ok. Your balance is now at " + balanceAfterStrength + " skill points.")
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改为：
({} .format方式)
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print("Ok. Your balance is now at {} skill points.".format(balanceAfterStrength))
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或改为：
(使用str函数转换类型)
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print("Ok. Your balance is now at " + str(balanceAfterStrength) + " skill points.")
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或按照下面的一条评论所提及的那样做，使用','将不同的字符串传递给print函数，而不是使用'+'连接。(涉及的评论为：你不能使用','连接字符串；你可以用','将参数分开传递给print函数，这些参数会以空格分割，一个接一个的打印出来，)
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print("Ok. Your balance is now at ", balanceAfterStrength, " skill points.")
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三、总结
当同时打印字符及整型变量时，有以下几种方式来避免“TypeError”报错。
假设变量temp = 3，要输出的内容为the number you input is 3.
1.使用str强制将整型转换为字符型
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print 'the nume you input is ' + str(temp)
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2.使用格式化输出(python2中适用，“format % values”形式)，详细使用方法可参考官方文档：https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting
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print 'the nume you input is %s' % temp
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3.使用" str.format()"(python2.6以上)格式化输出，详细使用方法可参考官方文档：https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#string-formatting
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print 'the nume you input is {}' .format(temp)
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4.使用逗号将变量和字符串分隔
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print 'the nume you input is' , temp
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四、% 及 .format() 两种格式化输出对比
更多实例对比请参考：
https://github.com/ulope/pyformat.info
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基本输出Old '%s %s' % ('one', 'two')
New '{} {}'.format('one', 'two')
Output one twoOld '%d %d' % (1, 2)
New '{} {}'.format(1, 2)
Output 1 2
#右对齐Old '%10s' % ('test',)
New '{:>10}'.format('test')
Output test #test左边有六个空格
#左对齐Old '%-10s' % ('test',)
New '{:10}'.format('test')
Output test #test右边有六个空格
#字典 person = {'first': 'Jean-Luc', 'last': 'Picard'}
New '{p[first]} {p[last]}'.format(p=person)
Output Jean-Luc Picard
#列表data = [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]
New '{d[4]} {d[5]}'.format(d=data)
Output 23 42
#Accessing arguments by position:>>> '{0}, {1}, {2}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')
'a, b, c'>>> '{}, {}, {}'.format('a', 'b', 'c') # 3.1+ only
'a, b, c'>>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')
'c, b, a'>>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format(*'abc') # unpacking argument sequence
'c, b, a'>>> '{0}{1}{0}'.format('abra', 'cad') # arguments' indices can be repeated
'abracadabra' #Accessing arguments by name:>>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(latitude='37.24N', longitude='-115.81W')
'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'>>> coord = {'latitude': '37.24N', 'longitude': '-115.81W'}
>>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(**coord)
'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W' |
本文转自 xoyabc 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/xoyabc/1983364，如需转载请自行联系原作者