前端的路由从后台获取，包括权限；
大体步骤包括：路由拦截（钩子函数）---->后台获取路由数据 ----> 保存到本地或vuex中.
1 router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => { //拦截处一定要else{}
2 // 加载动态菜单和路由
3 if (to.path === '/') {
4 addDynamicMenuAndRoutes(to, from)
5 console.log(router.options.routes);
6 next()
7 } else {
8 if (store.state.menu.navTree) {
9 addDynamicMenuAndRoutes(to, from)
10 }
11 next()
12 }
13 })
一个Tip，钩子函数一定要记得else{},就这个小问题找了半天，各种排除。。。
我这里没有登录验证，所以通过path来判断是否加载动态路由；
下面的判断是由于vuex在F5刷新时会清空，所以通过里面是否有vuex里的某个状态来判断是否要再次加载路由；一般用登录的token判断；
下面是加载动态路由的关键函数：
1 /**
2 * 加载动态菜单和路由
3 */
4 function addDynamicMenuAndRoutes(to, from) {
5 // 处理IFrame嵌套页面
6 handleIFrameUrl(to.path)
11 api.menu.findMenuTree()
12 .then(res => {
13 // 添加动态路由
14 console.log(res.data)
15 let dynamicRoutes = addDynamicRoutes(res.data)
16 // 处理静态组件绑定路由
17 handleStaticComponent(router, dynamicRoutes)
18 router.addRoutes(router.options.routes)
19 console.log(router.options.routes)
20 // 保存加载状态
21 store.commit('menuRouteLoaded', true)
22 // 保存菜单树
23 store.commit('setNavTree', res.data)
24 }).then(res => {
25 // api.user.findPermissions({ 'name': userName }).then(res => {
26 // // 保存用户权限标识集合
27 // store.commit('setPerms', res.data)
28 // })
29 })
30 .catch(function(res) {})
31 }
添加动态路由：
1 /**
2 * 添加动态(菜单)路由
3 * @param {*} menuList 菜单列表
4 * @param {*} routes 递归创建的动态(菜单)路由
5 */
6 function addDynamicRoutes(menuList = [], routes = []) {
7 var temp = []
12 for (var i = 0; i < menuList.length; i++) {
13 if (menuList[i].children && menuList[i].children.length >= 1) {
14 temp = temp.concat(menuList[i].children)
15 } else if (menuList[i].url && /\S/.test(menuList[i].url)) {
16 //menuList[i].url = menuList[i].url.replace(/^\//, '')
17 menuList[i].url = menuList[i].url.substring(1);
18 try {
19 // 根据菜单URL动态加载vue组件，这里要求vue组件须按照url路径存储
20 // 如url="sys/user"，则组件路径应是"@/views/sys/user.vue",否则组件加载不到
21 let array = menuList[i].url.split('/')
22 let url = ''
23 for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
24 url += array[i].substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + array[i].substring(1) + '/'
25 }
26 url = url.substring(0, url.length - 1)
27 var route = {
28 path: menuList[i].url,
29 component: resolve => require([`@/views/${url}`], resolve),
30 name: menuList[i].name,
31 meta: {
32 icon: menuList[i].icon,
33 index: menuList[i].id
34 }
35 }
36 } catch (e) {}
37 // }
38 routes.push(route)
39 }
40 }
41 if (temp.length >= 1) {
42 addDynamicRoutes(temp, routes)
43 } else {
44 // console.log('动态路由加载...')
45 // console.log('动态路由加载完成.')
46 }
47 return routes
48 }
模拟后台的路由数据：
1 "data": [{
2 "id": 1,
3 "createBy": null,
4 "createTime": null,
5 "lastUpdateBy": null,
6 "lastUpdateTime": null,
7 "parentId": 0,
8 "name": "系统配置",
9 "url": null,
10 "perms": null,
11 "type": 0,
12 "icon": "el-icon-setting",
13 "orderNum": 0,
14 "delFlag": 0,
15 "parentName": null,
16 "level": 0,
17 "children": [{
18 "id": 2,
19 "createBy": null,
20 "createTime": null,
21 "lastUpdateBy": null,
22 "lastUpdateTime": null,
23 "parentId": 1,
24 "name": "角色配置",
25 "url": "/sys/user",
26 "perms": null,
27 "type": 1,
28 "icon": "el-icon-service",
29 "orderNum": 1,
30 "delFlag": 0,
31 "parentName": "系统配置",
32 "level": 1,
33 "children": []
34 }, {
35 "id": 3,
36 "createBy": null,
37 "createTime": null,
38 "lastUpdateBy": null,
39 "lastUpdateTime": null,
40 "parentId": 1,
41 "name": "业务配置",
42 "url": "/sys/dept",
43 "perms": null,
44 "type": 1,
45 "icon": "el-icon-news",
46 "orderNum": 2,
47 "delFlag": 0,
48 "parentName": "系统配置",
49 "level": 1,
50 "children": []
51 }, {
52 "id": 4,
53 "createBy": null,
54 "createTime": null,
55 "lastUpdateBy": null,
56 "lastUpdateTime": null,
57 "parentId": 1,
58 "name": "权限配置",
59 "url": "/sys/role",
60 "perms": null,
61 "type": 1,
62 "icon": "el-icon-view",
63 "orderNum": 4,
64 "delFlag": 0,
65 "parentName": "系统配置",
66 "level": 1,
67 "children": []
68 }, {
69 "id": 5,
70 "createBy": null,
71 "createTime": null,
72 "lastUpdateBy": null,
73 "lastUpdateTime": null,
74 "parentId": 1,
75 "name": "流程控制",
76 "url": "/sys/menu",
77 "perms": null,
78 "type": 1,
79 "icon": "el-icon-menu",
80 "orderNum": 5,
81 "delFlag": 0,
82 "parentName": "系统配置",
83 "level": 1,
84 "children": []
85 },
86 {
87 "id": 7,
88 "createBy": null,
89 "createTime": null,
90 "lastUpdateBy": null,
91 "lastUpdateTime": null,
92 "parentId": 1,
93 "name": "大数据",
94 "url": "/sys/dict",
95 "perms": null,
96 "type": 1,
97 "icon": "el-icon-edit-outline",
98 "orderNum": 7,
99 "delFlag": 0,
100 "parentName": "系统配置",
101 "level": 1,
102 "children": []
103 },
104 {
105 "id": 8,
106 "createBy": null,
107 "createTime": null,
108 "lastUpdateBy": null,
109 "lastUpdateTime": null,
110 "lastUpdateTime": "2018-09-23T11:32:28.000+0000",
111 "parentId": 1,
112 "name": "数据过滤",
113 "url": "/sys/log",
114 "perms": "sys:log:view",
115 "type": 1,
116 "icon": "el-icon-info",
117 "orderNum": 8,
118 "delFlag": 0,
119 "parentName": "系统配置",
120 "level": 1,
121 "children": []
122 }, {
123 "id": 9,
124 "createBy": null,
125 "createTime": null,
126 "lastUpdateBy": "admin",
127 "lastUpdateTime": "2018-09-23T11:32:28.000+0000",
128 "parentId": 1,
129 "name": "系统维护",
130 "url": "/sys/dispose",
131 "perms": "sys:dispose:view",
132 "type": 1,
133 "icon": "el-icon-info",
134 "orderNum": 9,
135 "delFlag": 0,
136 "parentName": "系统配置",
137 "level": 1,
138 "children": []
139 }
140 ]
141 }
142 ]
本文主要参考 朝雨忆轻尘，感谢大佬的详细介绍。
另附出处： https://www.cnblogs.com/xifengxiaoma/