android--从手动存取->View Model->Live Data->Data Binding

  今天学习了Android Jetpack的架构,学习的非常浅显,只了解了一些基本内容,但可以看出这些基本内容的区别。

  手动存取:这是最基础的架构,也是我学习之前一直用的架构,但是这个架构代码不好维护,而且数据得不到保护。先看个例子

  android--从手动存取->View Model->Live Data->Data Binding,这是初始画面,可以进行+1和-1操作,但是如果我们旋转屏幕,画面就会初始化(activity会被重建,和activity的生命周期有关)android--从手动存取->View Model->Live Data->Data Binding,当我们旋转时,android--从手动存取->View Model->Live Data->Data Binding,画面重新初始化,这就造成数据丢失了。

 

  代码:

package com.example.basiclayout;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    int number = 0;
    TextView textView;
    Button button1,button2;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);
        textView.setText("aa");
        button1 = findViewById(R.id.button);
        button2 = findViewById(R.id.button2);
        button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                textView.setText(String.valueOf(++number));
            }
        });
        button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                textView.setText(String.valueOf(--number));
            }
        });
    }
}

 

 

 

  

  view Model:是Android Jetpack的一个类。用view Model数据不会丢失,把数据和界面分离。

  初始界面:android--从手动存取->View Model->Live Data->Data Binding,我们可以进行+1和+2操作,而且旋转屏幕数据不会丢失,即使回到主界面数据也不会丢失,android--从手动存取->View Model->Live Data->Data Binding,如果是左边的键就会丢失,如果是右键(回到主界面)就不会丢失。如下图

android--从手动存取->View Model->Live Data->Data Binding

 

 

代码:

 

MainActivity类

 

 

 

package com.example.viewmodeltest;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProviders;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    MyViewModel myViewModel;
    TextView textView;
    Button button1,button2;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
        textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);
        textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.number));
        button1 = findViewById(R.id.button);
        button2 = findViewById(R.id.button2);
        button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                myViewModel.number++;
                textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.number));
            }
        });
        button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                myViewModel.number+=2;
                textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.number));
            }
        });
    }
}

 

  自己定义 View Model类,因为我只需要控制一个数。

package com.example.viewmodeltest;

import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;

public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
    public  int number = 0;
}

  

  Live Data(感知数据变化、自动刷新界面):但数据发生变化时,我们可以给它加一个观察者,自动刷新界面上得数据,不需要通过textview来设置内容。 当然它也包括View Model的功能。

  这个和JAVA类相似,通过类中的函数改变值。

  初始画面:android--从手动存取->View Model->Live Data->Data Binding,点赞来实现数据的加减android--从手动存取->View Model->Live Data->Data Binding,而且反转,回到主界面,数据都不会丢失。

 

   

MainActivity
package com.example.lifedatatest;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.lifecycle.Observer;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProviders;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    ViewModelWithLiveData viewModelWithLiveData;
    TextView textView;
    ImageButton imageButtonLike,imageButtonDislike;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        textView = findViewById(R.id.textview);
        imageButtonDislike = findViewById(R.id.imageButton2);
        imageButtonLike = findViewById(R.id.imageButton);
        viewModelWithLiveData = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(ViewModelWithLiveData.class);
        // 对数进行观察
        viewModelWithLiveData.getLikedNumber().observe(this, new Observer<Integer>() {
            @Override
            // 当数改变就会调用这个函数
            public void onChanged(Integer integer) {
                textView.setText(String.valueOf(integer));
            }
        });
        imageButtonLike.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                viewModelWithLiveData.addNumber();
            }
        });
        imageButtonDislike.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                viewModelWithLiveData.reduceNumber();
            }
        });
    }
}

  View Model

package com.example.lifedatatest;

import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;

public class ViewModelWithLiveData extends ViewModel {
    private MutableLiveData<Integer> likedNumber;
    // 构造方法
    /*ViewModelWithLiveData(){
        likedNumber = new MutableLiveData<>();
        likedNumber.setValue(0);
    }*/
    // 也可以在get方法判断是否为空,若空则new一个
    public MutableLiveData<Integer> getLikedNumber() {
        if (likedNumber==null){
            likedNumber = new MutableLiveData<>();
            likedNumber.setValue(0);
        }
        return likedNumber;
    }
    public void addNumber(){
        likedNumber.setValue(likedNumber.getValue()+1);
    }
    public void reduceNumber(){
        likedNumber.setValue(likedNumber.getValue()-1);
    }
}

  Data Binding(数据绑定):将控制器和ViewGroup不建立之间的引用,通过Data Binding类实现它们之前的联系。使代码更加容易维护

 

 

   初始:android--从手动存取->View Model->Live Data->Data Binding,点击BUTTON:android--从手动存取->View Model->Live Data->Data Binding

 

 

MainActivity

 

 

package com.example.databinding;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import androidx.lifecycle.Observer;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProviders;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

import com.example.databinding.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    ActivityMainBinding activityMainBinding;
    MyViewModel myViewModel;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        activityMainBinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_main);
        //activity_main.xml里的控件都在activityMainBinding这里,这样就不用再声明控件了
        myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
        activityMainBinding.setData(myViewModel);
        activityMainBinding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
    }
}

 

   View Model

  

package com.example.databinding;

import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;

import com.example.databinding.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;

public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
    private MutableLiveData<Integer> number;
    public MutableLiveData<Integer> getNumber() {
        if(number==null){
            number = new MutableLiveData<>();
            number.setValue(0);
        }
        return number;
    }
    public void add(){
        number.setValue(number.getValue()+1);
    }
}

  activity_main.xml

  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable
            name="data"
            type="com.example.databinding.MyViewModel" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context=".MainActivity">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textview"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{String.valueOf(data.number)}"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.094" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Button"
            android:onClick="@{()->data.add()}"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>

  极大的节省了代码量

 

    

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

  

android--从手动存取->View Model->Live Data->Data Binding

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