Linux平台oracle 11g单实例 + ASM存储安装部署快速参考

2021-10-07 11:09:36

操作环境：Citrix虚拟化环境中申请一个Linux6.4主机(模板)
目标：创建单机11g + ASM存储数据库

1. 主机准备
2. 创建ORACLE 用户和组成员
3. 创建以下目录并赋予对应权限
4. 设置oracle、grid用户的环境变量
5. root用户更改系统参数
6. 上传Oracle安装介质到/u01/tmp目录下
7. 安装grid组件
8. 根据上步执行的脚本输出提示，确定单节点需要root用户执行下面的命令
9. 使用asmca创建ASM 磁盘组
10. 安装oralce软件
11. 创建数据库
12. 使用grid用户创建监听
13. 客户端测试数据库连接
14. 由于lv的权限在重启后会变回root用户，需要添加开机启动脚本
15. 重启测试

1. 主机准备

IP地址：

主机名：JY-DB

目录：/u01

磁盘：从主机本地磁盘资源划分50G硬盘1个，从磁阵资源划分10G硬盘3个

1.1 检查主机名和IP地址的映射：hostname -i

hostname

vi /etc/sysconfig/network

vi /etc/hosts

1.2 分配/u01目录为oracle软件安装目录，lv_asm1,lv_asm2,lv_asm3为ASM磁盘

/dev/xvdb 50G 格式化后挂载到/u01目录

/dev/xvdc /dev/xvde /dev/xvdf 各10G，不用格式化，给ASM使用

pvcreate /dev/xvdc /dev/xvde /dev/xvdf

vgcreate ora_vg /dev/xvdc /dev/xvde /dev/xvdf

lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_asm1 ora_vg

lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_asm2 ora_vg

vgdisplay ora_vg

lvcreate -l  -n lv_asm3 ora_vg

在后面创建grid用户后,创建ASM前,需要更改lv的磁盘权限

chown grid:asmadmin /dev/mapper/ora*

1.3 配置YUM，安装依赖包

yum配置参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/jyzhao/p/3938290.html

yum install binutils compat-libstdc++- elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc- gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh compat-libcap1

若之前安装系统没有安装图形，需要安装图形界面和xterm

yum groupinstall "X Window System"

yum install xterm

1.4 关闭系统防火墙开机启动

service iptables stop

chkconfig iptables off

2. 创建ORACLE 用户和组成员

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

groupadd oper

groupadd asmadmin

groupadd asmdba

groupadd asmoper

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid

分别指定oracle、grid用户的密码

passwd oracle

passwd grid

3. 创建以下目录并赋予对应权限

mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2./grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app

chmod -R  /u01/app

4. 设置oracle、grid用户的环境变量

4.1 oracle用户登陆: vi ~/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_1

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:.

export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK

export ORACLE_SID=jyzhao

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.

4.2 grid用户登录：vi ~/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2./grid

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:.

export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

5. root用户更改系统参数

5.1 vi /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr =

fs.file-max =

kernel.shmall =

kernel.shmmax =  //一般设置为系统内存75%单位是字节

kernel.shmmni =

kernel.sem =

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =

net.core.rmem_default =

net.core.rmem_max =

net.core.wmem_default =

net.core.wmem_max =

使设置立即生效： /sbin/sysctl -p

5.2 vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc

oracle hard nproc

oracle soft nofile

oracle hard nofile

oracle soft stack

grid soft nproc

grid hard nproc

grid soft nofile

grid hard nofile

grid soft stack

5.3 vi /etc/pam.d/login

#oracle

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

session required pam_limits.so

6. 上传Oracle安装介质到/u01/tmp目录下

mkdir -p /u01/tmp

p13390677__Linux-x86-_1of7.zip

p13390677__Linux-x86-_2of7.zip

p13390677__Linux-x86-_3of7.zip

7. 安装grid组件

#cd /u01/tmp/

#unzip p10404530__Linux-x86-_3of7.zip

#chown -R grid:oinstall grid

Xmanager软件用grid用户登录

$cd /u01/tmp/grid

$./runInstaller

图形界面安装，最后root用户执行两个脚本，执行脚本的屏幕输出如下：

# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

# /u01/app/11.2./grid/root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= grid

ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2./grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Stand-Alone Server run the following command as the root user:

/u01/app/11.2./grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2./grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2./grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2./grid/crs/install/roothas.pl

To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster execute the following command:

/u01/app/11.2./grid/crs/config/config.sh

This command launches the Grid Infrastructure Configuration Wizard. The wizard also supports silent operation, and the parameters can be passed through the response file that is available in the installation media.

8. 根据上步执行的脚本输出提示，确定单节点需要root用户执行下面的命令

/u01/app/11.2./grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2./grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2./grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2./grid/crs/install/roothas.pl

9. 使用asmca创建ASM 磁盘组

Xmanager软件用grid用户登录

$asmca

10. 安装oralce软件

#cd /u01/tmp/

#unzip p13390677__Linux-x86-_1of7.zip;unzip p13390677__Linux-x86-_2of7.zip

#chown -R oracle:oinstall database

Xmanager软件用oracle用户登录

$cd /u01/tmp/database/

$./runInstaller

图形界面安装，最后root用户执行一个脚本

#/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_/root.sh

11. 创建数据库

Xmanager软件用oracle用户登录

$dbca

图形界面建库，Storage Type选择ASM，+DATA1磁盘组，数据库字符集根据实际情况选择。

12. 使用grid用户创建监听